3. PART ONE
CHAPTERS
1. Definition and
Nature of
Insurance
2. Evolution of
Insurance
3. Role and
Importance of
Insurance
4. Insurance Contract
INTRODUCTION
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4. Introduction
Introduction
Life Insurance
Marine Insurance
Fire Insurance
Miscellaneous Insurance
Prospects of Insurance Business
Insurance Legislation
5. Definition of Insurance
Insurance is defined as a co-operative
device to spread the loss caused by a
particular risk over a number of persons
who are exposed to it and who agree to
ensure themselves against that risk.
6. Terminologies
Risk
Chance of Loss
Peril
Hazard
Physical
Moral
Morale
Legal
Loss
Premium
Insurer
Insured
Agent
Underwriter
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7. Risk
Risk is uncertainty of a financial loss. –
[Mishra]
Risk is defined as uncertainty concerning a
possible loss. Another words, risk is the
variation in possible outcomes of an event
based on chance. [Dorfman]
• Risk is defined as uncertainty
concerning the occurrence of a loss.
[Rejda]
E.g. the risk of being killed in a car accident because
of uncertainty.
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8. Chance of Loss
Chance of loss should not be confused
with the risk.
Chance of loss is the possible
number of losses out of a
given number of exposures.
– It is simply the probability of loss.
– Is defined as the probability that an
event will occur.
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9. Peril
A PERIL is defined as the cause
of loss.
E.g. fire, tornados, heart attack,
road accident,
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10. Hazard
Hazard is a condition that may
increase the chance of loss.
HAZARDS are conditions that
increase the frequency or the
severity of the losses.
Hazard is any condition that
creates or increase the chance of
loss.
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11. Types of Hazard
Physical – physical condition that increases
the chance of loss.
Moral – dishonesty or character defects in an
individual somebody who deliberately causes
the loss ………
• Morale – carelessness or attitude to a loss
because of the existence of the insurance The
attitude, is an “Why should I care? I’m insured,”
example of the morale hazard.
Legal – characteristics of the legal system
that increases frequency ……….
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12. Loss
Loss is the unintentional decline in or
disappearance of value arising from a
contingency.
Loss is the undesired reduction of
economic value.
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13. Insurer, Insured
Insurer;
is the party who agrees to pay for the
losses
Insured;
Is the party who claim for the damage from
the insurer.
Premium
Is paid by the insured and received by the
insurer for the insurance
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14. Functions of Insurance
Primary Function
It Provides
Certainty
It Provides
Protection
Risk-Sharing
Secondary Function
Prevention of
Loss
Provides Capital
Improves
Efficiency
Helps Economic
Growth
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15. Definition of Insurance
1. Functional Definition;
a) A co-operative device to spread the risk.
b) The system to spread the risk over a number
of persons who are insured against the risk.
c) The principle to share the loss of each
member of the society on the basis of
probability of loss to their risk.
d) The method to provide security against
losses to the insured.
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16. Definition of Insurance
Contractual Definition;
Insurance is defined as to which a sum of money as
a premium is paid in consideration of the insurer’s
incurring the risk of paying a large sum upon a given
contingency.
a) certain sum, called premium, is charged in
consideration,
b) against the said consideration, a large sum is
guaranteed to be paid by the insurer who
received the premium,
c) the payment will be made in a certain definite
sum,
d) the payment is made only upon a contingency
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17. Finally
Insurance may be defined as an
agreement consisting of one party
(the insurer) who agrees to pay the
other party (the insured) or his/her
beneficiary, a certain sum of money
upon a given contingency (the risk)
against which insurance is sought.
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18. Nature of Insurance
Sharing of Risk
Co-operative Device
Value of Risk
Payment at Contingency
Amount of Payment
Large Number of Insured Persons
Insurance is not Gambling
Insurance is not Charity
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19. Principles of Insurance
Principles of Co-operation
Principles and Theory of Probability
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20. Questions
What are the various functions of insurance?
State briefly the suitable definition of
Insurance.
Insurance is not to prevent risk, but to
indemnify the losses arising from a certain
risk – comment.
What are the various principles of Insurance?
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