This document discusses recent advances in surgical technology, focusing on magnification systems used in dentistry including magnifying loupes and surgical microscopes. It provides details on different types of magnifying loupes like simple loupes, compound loupes, and prism telescopic loupes. For surgical microscopes, it describes the optics, components, and types used as well as important features for practical use in periodontics. Periodontal microsurgery is introduced as a less invasive surgical approach using magnification, microsurgical instruments, and improved ergonomics.