1. 1

2. Chapter 1:Food : Where Does It
Come From?
• The substance which we eat everyday, containing
various edible substances or components, provide us
energy & materials that help our body remain healthy
is called Food.
• Food that is a component of a mixture in cooking is
called an Ingredient.
• Some food items are prepared with two
ingredients, while some others are made with many
ingredients.
• Pulses, water, salt, spices, etc. are the ingredients
used to prepare Dal.

3. Types Of Animals On The Basis of
their food habits
• Herbivores- The animals, that eat plant products as
food only are called Herbivores. Example : Rabbit,
Cow, Giraffe etc.
• Carnivores- Those animals that depend for food, eat
only other animals are called Carnivores. Example :
Tiger, Lion, Snake etc.
• Omnivores-Those animals that eat plants & animals
both as food are called Omnivores. Example : Dog,
Cat, Rat, etc.

4. Herbivore Animals

5. Carnivore Animals

6. Omnivores Animals

7. Chapter 2 :Components Of Food
• Nutrients-Ingredients contain some components that
are needed by our body. These components are called
Nutrients.
There are two types of nutrients:-
a) Major Nutrients
b) Micro Nutrients
Major Nutrients
The major nutrients in our food are named as
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats

8. How to prepare Iodine solution
A Dilute solution of iodine can be prepared by adding
a few drops of tincture iodine to a test tube half filled
with water.

9. How to prepare copper sulphate
solution
Copper Sulphate Solution can be prepared by
dissolving two grams of copper sulphate in 100 ml of
water.

10. How to prepare caustic soda
solution
10 grams of Caustic Soda dissolved in 100ml of water
makes the required solution of Caustic Soda.

11. Sources Of carbohydrates

12. Sources of fats

13. Sources of proteins

14. Sources of vitamin a

15. Sources of vitamin b

16. Sources of vitamin c

17. Sources of vitamin d

18. Sources of iodine

19. Sources of phosphorus

20. Test for starch
· 1
Gather a number of food samples. Try to use a wide variety:
fruits, vegetables, breads, cereals, dairy products and "junk" foods
such as candy or chips.
· 2
Put a sample of each food on a washable plate or tray.
· 3
Fill the eyedropper with iodine and drop a few drops onto each food
sample.
· 4
Observe what happens to the drops of iodine on the food. If the food
contains starch, the iodine drops will turn black. If the food does not
contain starch, the drops will stay the same colour (reddish-orange).
· 5
Discard the samples when you are done with them. Do not let anyone
eat them, as iodine is toxic.

21. Test for fat
• Add 2cm (cube) of ethanol to a few drops of the unknown
substance in a test tube
• Shake well
• Add 2cm (cube) of water to the test tube
• A Positive result will result in a cloudy white suspension
forming at the top of the solution.
• For solids
• Cut sample into a few pieces and place them in a test tube
• Add 2cm (cube) of ethanol and shake it thoroughly.
• Allow solid to settle and decant ethanol into another test tube
• Add 2 cm (cube) of water to the new test tube
• A Positive result will result in a cloudy white suspension
forming at the top of the solution.

22. Test for proteins
· 1
Select the food you'd like to test and remove just a small portion of it.
· 2
Place it in a bowl with about a tablespoon of distilled water and crush
with a fork (or spoon). You're trying to make an almost liquefied
version of the food.
· 3
Transfer the liquid into a test tube by using a eye dropper.
· 4
Squeeze 3 to 4 drops of Beret Reagent Solution, cover tube and
shake.
· 5
Wait for the colour to change. If it turns either pink or purple, the food
contains protein.

23. Chapter 3 : Fiber to fabric
• Yarn: Loose threads are called Yarns. Yarns
are made up of fibers.
• Fibers: The thin strands of threads that are
made up of still thinner strands are called
Fibers.
• Fabrics: Fabrics are made up of yarns.
• Natural Fibers: Fibers that are obtained from
plants & animals are called Natural Fibers.
• Synthetic Fibers: Fibers that are not obtained
from plants & animals are called Synthetic
Fibers.

24. Some more important points
• Plant Fibers : Fibers that are obtained from
plants are called plant fibers.
• Animal Fibers : Fibers that are obtained from
animals are called animals fibers.
• Ginning: A process to Separate cotton from its
seeds.
• Spinning: A process of making yarns from
fibbers is called spinning.
• Weaving: the process of arranging 2 sets of
yarn to make fabric is called weaving.

25. Different types of yarns and
fabrics
Cotton yarn Cotton
Synthetic
Synthetic Yarn
Silk Yarn
Silk

26. Paper Mat

27. Spinning Wheel

28. Chapter4: Sorting materials into
group
• Insoluble: Insoluble things are those things
which cannot dissolves in water.
• Luster: Materials that have shine are called
luster.
• Metals: Which allow electric current and heat to
pass through them are called metals.
• Opaque: Through which things cannot be seen.
• Soluble: Soluble things are those things which
can dissolves easily in water.

29. Opaque objects

30. Transparent objects

31. Translucent objects

32. Chapter 5: Separation of
substances
• When two or substances are mixed together, we call it
a mixture.
• Condensation: The process of conversion of water
vapor into liquid is called Condensation.
• Decantation: When the water along with the impurities
is removed after sedimentation is called Decantation.
• Evaporation: The process of conversion of liquid or
water into vapor is called Evaporation.
• Hand-picking: The method that is used to separate
impurities of larger size like stone from grains is called
Hand-picking.

33. Some methods of separating
substances

34. Some more methods of
separating substances

35. Chapter 6: Changes around us
• Changes: Act of transformation.
• Contraction: Reduction in size.
• Evaporation: Transformation of a substance into
vapor.
• Expansion: Increase in size.
• Melting: Changing any solid or a hard
substance into Its liquid state.

36. Some changes

37. Chapter 7: getting to know
plants
• Climbers: Type of trailing plants
• Conduct: To do or run something
• Creeper: A plant that grows on the surface of ground
• Fibrous Root: A root system that consists of very fine
branches from the same base.
• Herbs: A flowering plant whose stem is very soft, not
much woody & is above the ground.
• Lamina: A thin plate, sheet or layer.
• Lateral Roots: Those roots that extend horizontally
from the primary roots.

38. Parts Of Plants
Flower
Bud
Leaves
Stem
Roots

39. climber

40. Creeper

41. Fibrous roots

42. Parts of a typical flower

43. lamina

44. Leaf venation

45. Chapter 8: Body movements
• Backbone: Something that is similar in shape or
position to a spinal column.
• Ball & Socket Joint: A multi-axial joint in which a
sphere on the head of one bone fits into rounded
cavity in the other bone.
• Bristles: One of the short stiff coarse hairs of certain
animal especially hogs.
• Cartilage: A strong flexible connective tissue that is
found near the outer ear.
• Cavity: A hollow area within the body, such as sinus
cavity.

46. Some more important points
• Fixed Joint: The joints which cannot move, are called
Fixed Joints.
• Gait Of Animals: Gait is pattern of movement of limbs of
animals.
• Hinge Joints: A Hinge is a type of bearing that connects
two bones typically only a limited angle of rotation between
them.
• Muscle: A tissue of body which produces movement.
• Skeleton: Framework of bones of a vertebrate is called a
Skeleton.
• Streamlined: A contour design to offer the least possible
resistance to current of a fluid optimally shaped for motion
or conductivity.

47. How Do animals move from one
place to another?
Animal Body Part Used
For Movement
Gait For
Movement
Cow Legs Walk/Run
Humans Legs Walk/Run
Snake Whole Body Slither
Bird Legs & Wings Fly/Walk/Run
Insect Legs & Wings Fly
Fish Whole Body Swim

48. Chapter 9:the living organisms
and their surroundings
• Adaptation: The act of adapting or the state of
being adapted.
• Aquatic Habitat: The plants and animals that
live in water are said to be aquatic habitat.
• Biotic Components: Biotic components are the
living factors which interact with organisms.
• Excretion: The act of excreting.
• Growth: The act of evolution.

49. Aquatic habitat

50. Terrestrial habitat

51. Desert habitat

52. Chapter 10:Motion and
measurement of distances
• Circular Path: Moving of particle in a circular
path.
• Distance: Space between two points.
• Measurement: The act of measuring.
• Motion: The act of changing place.
• Periodic Motion: Motion that is repeated in
equal intervals of time.
• Rectilinear Motion: Moving of particles in
straight line

53. Means of transportation

57. Chapter 11:Light shadows and
reflection
• Luminous: Objects which emit light of their own
are called luminous objects.
• Mirror: A thing that reflects lights.
• Opaque: Opaque objects are those objects
through which light cannot pass.
• Pin Hole Camera: A device that is used to see
bright objects.
• Reflection: The act of reflecting.
• Shadow: A dark shape on a surface.

62. Chapter 12:Electricity and
circuits
• Bulb: A glass part of lamp which lights up when
electricity passes through it.
• Conductors: Materials that allow current and
heat to pass through them are called
conductors.
• Electric Cell: A source of electricity.
• Electric Circuit: A complete route through which
electricity can pass.
• Filament: A thin wire of tungsten that lights up
when electricity passes through it.

63. Bulb

64. Cell

71. Chapter 13:Fun with magnets
• Compass: It is a device used to determine
geographical direction.
• Magnet: It is a device that attracts metals like
iron, cobalt or nickel.
• Magnetite: Magnetite is a natural magnet.
• North Pole: The end of magnet that points towards
North when suspended freely in air.
• South Pole: The end of magnet that points towards
South

72. Ring magnet

73. Cylindrical magnet

74. magnetite

75. Neodymium magnet

76. Bar magnet

77. Horse shoe magnet

78. Different types of magnet

79. Chapter 14:water
• Water is essential for our life.
• We need water not only for our daily activities but also
for producing many things.
• Ponds, Lakes, Rivers, Wells etc. are some sources of
water.
• Oceans cover a major part of the Earth.
• The water in oceans & seas is saline.
• Heating is essential to convert water into its vapor.
• Water Vapor enters the air through the process of
Evaporation & Transpiration.

89. Water cycle

90. CHAPTER 15:air around us
• Air is a mixture of gasses.
• Air is a matter and it occupies space.
• Air can be found anywhere but we cannot see it.
• Nitrogen and Oxygen together make up 99% of the air.
• The organisms that live in soil need oxygen to respire.
• Air has an important role in water cycle.
• Life on earth is supported by atmosphere .
• Water and soil Also contains air in them.

91. Whether cock

92. Composition of air

93. Experiments with an empty bottle

94. Mountaineers carry oxygen
Cylinders with them

98. Policeman regulating traffic at a
crowded crossing often wear a mask

99. A windmill

100. CHAPTER 16:Garbage in garbage
out
• A place where the garbage is collected from a city or a
town is dumped is known as landfill.
• Garbage has useful and non useful components.
• Burning of garbage produce smoke and gasses that
are harmful for our health.
• Vermicomposting is the method of preparing compost
with the help of red worms.
• Red worms do not have teeth.
• Red worms can eat food equal to its own weight in a
day.
• We should not put garbage in plastic bags and throw it
away.

102. Vermicomposting
• Vermicompost is the product or process
of composting using various worms, usually red
wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms to create
heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food
waste, bedding materials, and vertices. Vermicast, also
called worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the
end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by
an earthworm.[1] These castings have been shown to
contain reduced levels of contaminants and a higher
saturation of nutrients than do organic materials before
vermicomposting.
• Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermicompost is an
excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil
conditioner. This process of producing vermicompost is
called vermicomposting.

105. A landfill

106. Modern landfill

107. Burning of garbage

108. Food for red worms

109. Vermicomposting