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Modernism fauvism, cubism, dada
1. Early 20th Century: MODERNISM
Fauvism
Expressionism
Die Brucke
Der Blaue Reiter
Cubism
Futurism
Suprematism
Constructivism
Dada
DeStijl
Bauhaus
Precisionism
Surrealism
Art Deco
Organic Art
Depression Era Art
“Less is MORE”
2. What was happening at this point in
HISTORY?
Imperialist Expansion:
Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal Africa
Britain India
Dutch Indochina
Russia Central Asia and Siberia
• Japan as its own rising formidable power in the Pacific
1917 The US entered World War I
1930s Great Depression: Huge economic difficulties in the US and other
Western countries
1920s-1930s Rise of Totalitarianism: Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in the Soviet Union, Hitler
in Germany
1941 The US entered World War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the
Japanese
1945 WWII ends: The Allied forces defeated Germany, US dropped atomic
bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3.
4. How did this effect artists?
Artists began searching for a new definition of and use for art in a changed
world!
Avant-garde artists were ahead of their time and transgressed the limits of
established art ideals
EXPRESSIONISM
• Term used to describe a wide range of art
• Result of an artist’s “unique inner or personal vision”
• Often emotionally driven
How does Expressionism contrast the art created since the
Renaissance?
5. Fauvism
Fauves = wild beasts
- Interest in color and in altering of space
- Fauves first gained attention at the Salon d’Automne of 1905
- Movement didn’t last long, began to fall apart almost as soon as it emerged but
still contributed greatly to the direction of painting from then on
Best known Fauvists: Henri Matisse
and Andre Derain
Henri Matisse
Red Room
(Harmony in Red)
1908-1909
oil on canvas
5 ft. 11 in. x 8 ft. 1 in.
6. Henri Matisse
Woman with the Hat
1905
oil on canvas
2 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 1 ft. 11 1/2 in.
“What characterized fauvism was
that we rejected imitative
colors, and that with pure colors we
obtained stronger reactions”
7. André Derain
The Dance
1906
oil on canvas
6 ft. 7/8 in. x 6 ft.10 1/4 in.
André Derain
Turning Road, L’Estaque
1906
oil on canvas
51 x 76 3/4 in.
8. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Street, Dresden
1908
oil on canvas
4 ft. 11 1/4 in. x 6 ft. 6 7/8 in.
German Expressionism – Fauvist color + distortion, agitation, discomfort
DIE BRUCKE (the Bridge) – Dresden, Germany 1905 – Led by Kirchner
“bridging the old and the new”
- Influenced by German Medieval Art
9.
10. Franz Marc
The Large Blue Horses
1911
oil on canvas
40 3/4 x 70 7/8 in.
Der Blaue Reiter – “the Blue Rider”
Led by Kandinsky and Marc
• Called that because they…. loved blue and horses
• Like Die Brucke, Der Blaue Reiter captured their feelings in visual form while
eliciting intense visceral responses from viewers
14. • Initiated by Picasso & Braque, worked together to develop it
• Reduced, fractured, many vantage points at once
• Emphasized the two-dimensionality of the canvas
• Inspiration: Primitivism and non-western cultures (AFRICA)
• What would have sparked this interest in “primitive” cultures?
• Most popular subjects: still lifes, human faces and figures
20. Georges Braque
The Portuguese
1911
oil on canvas
3 ft. 10 1/8 in. x 2 ft. 8 in.
Analytic Cubism
“The hard-and-fast rules of perspective …
were a ghastly mistake which…has taken
four centuries to redress”
21. Pablo Picasso
Still Life with Chair-Caning
1912
oil and oilcloth on canvas
10 5/8 in. x 1 ft. 1 3/4 in.
22.
23. Georges Braque
Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe and Glass
1913
charcoal and various papers pasted on paper
1 ft. 6 7/8 in. x 2 ft. 1 3/4 in.
Attributed to developing papier collé
(collage) which revolutionized art-making
Synthetic
Cubism
24. Aleksandre Archipenko, Woman
Combing Her
Hair, 1915, bronze, approximately 1
Julio González, Woman Combing Her
Hair, ca. 1930-1933, iron, 4 ft. 9 in. high
25. CUBISM + DIVISIONISM
- Launched by “Le Futurisme” by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, a Futurist
manifesto
- Glorified the energy and speed of modern life along with the dynamism
and violence of new technology MOVEMENT
- Supported war as a
“cleansing agent”
Giacomo Balla
Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash
1912
oil on canvas
2 ft. 11 3/8 in. x 3 ft. 7 1/4 in.
26.
27. Umberto Boccioni
Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space
1913
bronze
3 ft. 7 7/8 in. x 2 ft. 10 7/8 in. x 1 ft. 3 3/4 in.
"Let us fling open the
figure and let it
incorporate within
itself whatever may
surround it."
30. Dada – the anti-movement (1916-1925)
Dada had only one rule: Never follow any known rules
• Began in Zurich in response to WWI
• Where does the word “dada” come from?
• Intended to provoke an emotional reaction from the viewer (typically
SHOCK or OUTRAGE)
• Nonsensical to the point of whimsy. Almost all of the people who created it
were ferociously serious, though.
• Main influences: Abstraction and Expressionism
• No predominant medium in Dadaist art.
All things from geometric tapestries to
glass to plaster and wooden reliefs were
fair game.
Assemblage, collage, photomontage and
the use of ready made objects all gained
wide acceptance.
• Spawned many offshoots: best-known is
Surrealism.
31. Jean Arp
Collage Arranged According to the Laws of
Chance
1916-17
torn and pasted paper
19 1/8 x 13 5/8 in.
33. Marcel Duchamp
The Bride Stripped Bare by Her
Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)
1915-23
oil, lead wire, foil, dust, varnish, glass
8 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. 7 in.
38. AMERICA, 1900 to 1930
• Many American artists began their careers and then continued them in Europe and vice
versa
• Art “Matronage” – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Peggy Guggenheim, Mary Quinn
Sullivan and the like
• Jon Sloan and The Eight – American “Realism” “The apostles of ugliness”
• The Armory Show – huge display of Modern Art, over 1,600 pieces
44. Alfred Stieglitz
The Steerage
1907
Photogravure (on tissue)
4 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.
PHOTOGRAPHY
“…to hold a
moment, to record
something so
completely that
those who see it
would relive an
equivalent of what
has been expressed.”
47. Pablo Picasso
Guernica
1937
Oil on Canvas
11’ 5” x 25’5” EUROPE 1920-1945
“Painting is not made to decorate
apartments. It is an instrument
for offensive and defensive war
against the enemy.”
49. Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity)
Neue Sachlichkeit artists had been
in the army or participated in WWI
- Deeply influenced their
worldviews and informed their
art
- Clear, direct and genuine
depictions of war
George Grosz
Fit for Active Service (The Faith Healers)
1916-17
pen, brush, ink on paper
20 x 14 3/8 in.
