1. Participatory design
Denis Gillet & Adrian Holzer & Dave Kirk
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2. actively involve users as members of the design
team from the start of the design process
Participatory design

3. Contrasts with
experimental
approaches where
users are treated as
passive subjects

4. Why include users in
the design team ?

5. Because they are
the experts in the
‘work’ activities
the system is
being designed
to support

6. They can teach
us a great deal
about what the
system should do
mutual
learning
process

7. What are the
participatory design
principles ?

8. =Users, designers & developers
are equal partners

9. Continuous communication among stakeholders
accelerates design

10. Stakeholders gain a shared understanding of
design goals, opportunities, and constraints
Users and other stakeholders contribute
their unique expertise

11. User actively participates in the
design of the system

12. Prospotentially more accurate
information about the tasks
more opportunity for users to
influence the design decisions
buy-in from sense of
participation
potential greater acceptance of final system

13. Cons more costly
lengthier development period
antagonism from those whose
suggestion are not incorporated
force designers to compromise
exacerbate conflicts between designers and users
highlight organizational politics

14. Supporting Methods
Collaborative
prototyping
Scenarios Use cases

15. Collaborative prototyping

16. Two key requirements

17. Understanding the current organization of
work (ethnography helps out)

18. Envisioning the future (users help out)

19. Develop quick and dirty prototypes
‘Low tech’ or ‘low fidelity’ prototypes

20. Iterative cooperative development of
prototypes
Minimum Viable
Products

21. Supporting Methods
Collaborative
prototyping
Scenarios Use cases

22. Scenarios
descriptions of
the various
episodes that
constitute ‘use’
from the users’
point of view

23. May be ‘current’ (and draw on ethnography)
or ‘future’ (and be developed with users)

24. Scenarios specify...
User goals
The role of artifacts,
tools & other
resources
Usage context Activities involved

25. Supporting Methods
Collaborative
prototyping
Scenarios Use cases

26. Use cases

27. Descriptions of the system’s responses to specific
use scenarios and sequences of interaction

28. Participatory design
& social media

29. Stakeholders

30. Online communities
Users, Groups and Facilitators
Share common interests and services

31. Online services
Designers, Developers and Providers
Provide services and added values
Targeted business models and
customers

32. Social Media Platforms
Designers, Developers and Providers
Aggregate users and services
Market ads and social data

33. Example of designing
collaborative services for an
online community

34. Build a team

35. or members of the online
community
representative of the users
Facilitator

36. Collaborative service developer
knowing what can be done

37. knowing what has a
value for the provider
Collaborative service manager

38. Designer
knowing if the
interaction will
be efficient

39. helping in eliciting the
objectives and knowing if the
collaboration will be effective
Psycho-sociologist

40. A mediator should be nominated
Designer DeveloperPsycho-sociologist FacilitatorManager
Participatory design team

41. (independent or integrated)
Design in use
Design for use
Participatory design stages
1
2

42. initial design of
services & their
scenarios of uses.
Design for use
It generates prototypes of new artifacts as well as scenarios
of uses to be trialled during a “design in use” phase
1

43. (independent or integrated)
Design in use2
Design for use1
Participatory design stages

44. Trialling the
prototypes in
use cases
Validate and refine scenarios & services
Design in use
2

45. Participatory design
approach

46. Iterative negotiation process between
heterogeneous actors

47. Participatory design
principles

48. Negotiation & consensual decision making
Negotiation and
consensual
decision making
Sharing cultural
backgrounds,
ideas and needs
Ongoing reflectionon process with the
designers
Mutual necessityto work together
Construction of a
shared language
and vocabulary

49. In social media

50. One scenario / feature is designed
at a time

51. Fast update pace (new feature)

52. Design iterations are done online
First on test servers
then on exploitation
servers
First test users and
then real users

53. Implicit (use or not use) /
explicit implication of users

54. Implicit / explicit direct (customer relationship) or indirect
(social media) conversation between users and providers

56. Teachers
Pedagogy
HCI
Computer
Science
Community

57. Inquiry Learning
Investigation
Conceptualisation
Conclusion
Discussion
Orientation

59. Mockup task force

61. Evaluations

63. Prototype design

65. Pedagogical content
creation

66. Evaluations

67. … an so on