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DRAWINGS:
                  ( A Graphical Representation)


                          The Fact about:
          If compared with Verbal or Written Description,
Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of
  any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.




             Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication
                not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
Drawings
                                         (Some Types)

                                                                    Portraits
                              Botanical Drawings                 ( human faces,
Nature Drawings               ( plants, flowers etc.)           expressions etc.)
( landscape,  Geographical
scenery etc.)                               Zoological Drawings
              Drawings                                                     Engineering Drawings,
                                            (creatures, animals etc.)
                  ( maps etc.)                                                  (projections.)



  Building Related Drawings.                            Machine component Drawings



   Orthographic Projections                               Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)
     (Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms)                        or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term)
   (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms)
       (Working Drawings 2-D type)                           (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT
          ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES
    OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE
                  Different Reference planes are
                   Horizontal Plane (HP),
                 Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP )
                  Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)
                                And
   Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)
                FV is a view projected on VP.
                TV is a view projected on HP.
                SV is a view projected on PP.
    IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
     1 Planes.
      2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views
       3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections
PLANES
1
              PRINCIPAL PLANES
                 HP AND VP




                               AUXILIARY PLANES


    Auxiliary Vertical Plane     Auxiliary Inclined Plane   Profile Plane
            (A.V.P.)                     (A.I.P.)           ( P.P.)


          
          A.V.P.
      to Hp &  to Vp

                                                  
PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)
2
                                 THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES.
                                 ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT.
                                 BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN.
                                 THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN.


                                 PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:-
                                 TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION,
                                 A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD
                                 B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.
                                 THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.

          Click to view Animation   On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is
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                                                                                      VP                         PP
                                                                     Y
                                                                                             FV            LSV

                                                                                  X                                   Y
                                       X                                                     TV

                                                                                      HP

                                                                            ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS
HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD     900   PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE         900      OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
            AND                               AND                                       DRAWN IN
BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.       BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.              FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
3         Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections




First Angle Projections Method                   Third Angle Projections Method
      Here views are drawn                            Here views are drawn
        by placing object                               by placing object
         in 1st Quadrant                                   in 3rd Quadrant.
( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y )    SYMBOLIC        (   Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )
                                PRESENTATION
                              OF BOTH METHODS
                               WITH AN OBJECT
                           STANDING ON HP ( GROUND)            TV
     FV                          ON IT’S BASE.
     X          Y                  NOTE:-                         X      Y
                     HP term is used in1st  Angle method
                                       &                       FV
     TV
                                 For the same
                                                              G              L
                              Ground term is used
                      in 3rd Angle method of projections
FIRST ANGLE
                               FOR T.V.
    PROJECTION
      IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
           MEANS
 ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.


  OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
   OBSERVER & PLANE.


    VP                PP

         FV     LSV

X                          Y
         TV

    HP

 ACTUAL PATTERN OF
   PLANES & VIEWS
        IN
FIRST ANGLE METHOD
  OF PROJECTIONS
THIRD ANGLE                FOR T.V.
     PROJECTION
       IN THIS METHOD,
 THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
 SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
 ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT
      AND INBETWEEN
    OBSERVER & OBJECT.



              TV
 X                  Y
     LSV      FV


   ACTUAL PATTERN OF
    PLANES & VIEWS
          OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
        { MACHINE ELEMENTS }
        OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.
          THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL
              TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.
AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.
  THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.

 FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )
 TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )
   SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )

    FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1ST AND 3RD ANGLE
                PROJECTION METHODS

AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLY.
TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES
PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS
FIRST ANGLE
                               FOR T.V.
    PROJECTION
      IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
           MEANS
 ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.


  OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
   OBSERVER & PLANE.


    VP                PP

         FV     LSV

X                          Y
         TV

    HP

 ACTUAL PATTERN OF
   PLANES & VIEWS
        IN
FIRST ANGLE METHOD
  OF PROJECTIONS
FOR T.V.
     THIRD ANGLE
     PROJECTION
       IN THIS METHOD,
 THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
 SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
 ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT
      AND INBETWEEN
    OBSERVER & OBJECT.



              TV
 X                  Y
     LSV      FV


   ACTUAL PATTERN OF
    PLANES & VIEWS
          OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
FOR T.V.
                                                                1




                                    ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                   FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                              x                                 y




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN    TOP VIEW
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                                                    2




                                        ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                       FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                                   X                                    Y




                                       TOP VIEW




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                                                3




                                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                   FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                               X                                Y




                                   TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
4
             FOR T.V.




                                       ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                       FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                                   X                                Y




                                        TOP VIEW


PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                                                5




                                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS



                                       FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                                   X                            Y




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
                                       TOP VIEW

 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
6
            FOR T.V.

                                      ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS



                                     FRONT VIEW    L.H.SIDE VIEW




                            X                                          Y




                                   TOP VIEW


PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
7
               FOR T.V.




                                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

                                   FRONT VIEW    L.H.SIDE VIEW




                              X                                  Y




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN       TOP VIEW

 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
STUDY                                                           8
                 FOR T.V.
      Z
ILLUSTRATIONS                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS



                                         FRONT VIEW

                                                               50




                                         X                 Y

                                    20



                                    25




                                               25     20

                                               TOP VIEW

 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
  DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
9
       FOR T.V.
                              ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                   FRONT VIEW     L.H.SIDE VIEW




                         X                                            Y




                                       TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
10
            FOR T.V.               ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS




                                     FRONT VIEW   L.H.SIDE VIEW




                           X                                           Y




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN       TOP VIEW

 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.                                              11
                               ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

                                   FRONT VIEW    L.H.SIDE VIEW




                           X                                      Y




                                   TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
12
              FOR T.V.


                                     ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                               FRONT VIEW           L.H.SIDE VIEW




                          X                                         Y




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN    TOP VIEW

 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
STUDY                                                                13
      Z
ILLUSTRATIONS       FOR T.V.
                                    ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS



                                                                35
                                           FV


                                                                35


                                                                10
                                    x                                y


                                            10             20   30



                                                      40

                                                 70

                                                      TV
                O
 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
    DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
STUDY
      Z                                                             14
ILLUSTRATIONS

           FOR T.V.                     ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
                                              FV

                                         30   10   30         SV

                                   30


                                   10


                                   30
                               x                                         y




                                                   ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
                                              TV
 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
  DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
STUDY                                                           15
      Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
                                    ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
                FOR T.V.
                                        ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

                                         FV                    SV




                               x                                     y



                               10
                                                40        60




                                         40
                                                     TV
                                         60
 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
  DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS         16
                                            ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

                                       FV                      SV




                             x                                           y
                                                     10




                                                    40    60




PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN                     TOP VIEW
                                       40
 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD       60
17


                                    ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                   FRONT VIEW         L.H.SIDE VIEW
                                                                  30 SQUARE
                                     40          20




                                                                      50




                                                                      20
                             10
                         X                                                 Y
                                                             30
          O                                                 60
                                          F.V.
                                                            S.V.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
   DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
         ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS                                18




          FV
                                40




X                               10   Y
     O
               30 D        45




                                               O
    10
                                50
                                     PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
                                        DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
                                     BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
                      80

                 TV
19
                                                             FOR T.V.


         ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS




     FV                               40

X          O                          10   Y
                 100
    10
                                      25
     TV
                       10   30   10
                                      25
    30 R                                                     O
                  20 D
                                               PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
                                                  DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
                                               BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN         ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS            20
   DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
                                                                  30
           FOR T.V.
                                   FV
                                                         RECT.
                                                         SLOT

                                                 10               50
                                         35



                                                                  10
                              X                                         Y


                                                                 20 D




                                   TV



                               60 D
                                                                 30 D

                                              TOP VIEW


             O
21


                                     ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
                                                   10



                                           25      15



                                                                    25
                              40                               10


                                                                    25



                                                                    25

         O              O
                                     80                 25

                              F.V.                      S.V.


PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
   DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                                                     22
                                   ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS




                                             450


                                       30
                                                               FV




                                   40


                                   X                            Y

                                                        30 D




                                        40                      TV

             O
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
                                                         15
   DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT                   40
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
23




                                         ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS


                                                      HEX PART
                                                                 30
                                    20
                                                                 20
                                             40
                                                                      20

              O                                                  50
                     20
                          15

                               O                                 30
                                   100                           60
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN          FRONT VIEW         L.H.SIDE VIEW
   DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FOR T.V.
                                       ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS            24

                                                     20          40

                                FRONT VIEW

                                           F.V.
                                                                           30



                                  10
                            X                                              Y
                                       O



                                                                           10




                                                                           30

                                                                      10

                                                            30
           O                                                80
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN               T.V.    TOP VIEW
   DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
25



        ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

        10    10   15


                                   25




                                   25
X                                       Y
    O                    50   10

         FV             LSV




                                   PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
                                     DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT
                                   BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
26                   DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
                  BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD




                           ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS



                           30       20     10    20


                                                      15
                                     10


                                                      15

     O
                                                      15
                                            30

             15
         X                                             Y
                      50
                    F.V.                 LEFT S.V.

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Ortographic projection(thedirectdata.com)

  • 1. DRAWINGS: ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about: If compared with Verbal or Written Description, Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time. Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
  • 2. Drawings (Some Types) Portraits Botanical Drawings ( human faces, Nature Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.) expressions etc.) ( landscape, Geographical scenery etc.) Zoological Drawings Drawings Engineering Drawings, (creatures, animals etc.) ( maps etc.) (projections.) Building Related Drawings. Machine component Drawings Orthographic Projections Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.) (Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms) or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term) (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms) (Working Drawings 2-D type) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)
  • 3. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE Different Reference planes are Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP ) Side Or Profile Plane ( PP) And Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV) FV is a view projected on VP. TV is a view projected on HP. SV is a view projected on PP. IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: 1 Planes. 2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views 3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections
  • 4. PLANES 1 PRINCIPAL PLANES HP AND VP AUXILIARY PLANES Auxiliary Vertical Plane Auxiliary Inclined Plane Profile Plane (A.V.P.) (A.I.P.) ( P.P.)  A.V.P.  to Hp &  to Vp 
  • 5. PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method) 2 THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES. ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT. BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN. THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN. PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:- TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION. THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP. Click to view Animation On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc. VP PP Y FV LSV X Y X TV HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900 PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 900 OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS AND AND DRAWN IN BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
  • 6. 3 Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections First Angle Projections Method Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn Here views are drawn by placing object by placing object in 1st Quadrant in 3rd Quadrant. ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) SYMBOLIC ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y ) PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) TV FV ON IT’S BASE. X Y NOTE:- X Y HP term is used in1st Angle method & FV TV For the same G L Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections
  • 7. FIRST ANGLE FOR T.V. PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. VP PP FV LSV X Y TV HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
  • 8. THIRD ANGLE FOR T.V. PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. TV X Y LSV FV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
  • 9. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS { MACHINE ELEMENTS } OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS. THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES. AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES. THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP ) TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP ) SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP ) FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1ST AND 3RD ANGLE PROJECTION METHODS AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLY. TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS
  • 10. FIRST ANGLE FOR T.V. PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. VP PP FV LSV X Y TV HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
  • 11. FOR T.V. THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. TV X Y LSV FV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
  • 12. FOR T.V. 1 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW x y PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 13. FOR T.V. 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 14. FOR T.V. 3 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 15. 4 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 16. FOR T.V. 5 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 17. 6 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 18. 7 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 19. STUDY 8 FOR T.V. Z ILLUSTRATIONS ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW 50 X Y 20 25 25 20 TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 20. 9 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 21. 10 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 22. FOR T.V. 11 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 23. 12 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 24. STUDY 13 Z ILLUSTRATIONS FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 35 FV 35 10 x y 10 20 30 40 70 TV O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 25. STUDY Z 14 ILLUSTRATIONS FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FV 30 10 30 SV 30 10 30 x y ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL TV PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 26. STUDY 15 Z ILLUSTRATIONS ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FOR T.V. ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV x y 10 40 60 40 TV 60 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 27. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 16 ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV x y 10 40 60 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW 40 DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 60
  • 28. 17 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW 30 SQUARE 40 20 50 20 10 X Y 30 O 60 F.V. S.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 29. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 18 FV 40 X 10 Y O 30 D 45 O 10 50 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 80 TV
  • 30. 19 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FV 40 X O 10 Y 100 10 25 TV 10 30 10 25 30 R O 20 D PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 31. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 20 DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 30 FOR T.V. FV RECT. SLOT 10 50 35 10 X Y 20 D TV 60 D 30 D TOP VIEW O
  • 32. 21 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 10 25 15 25 40 10 25 25 O O 80 25 F.V. S.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 33. FOR T.V. 22 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 450 30 FV 40 X Y 30 D 40 TV O PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN 15 DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT 40 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 34. 23 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS HEX PART 30 20 20 40 20 O 50 20 15 O 30 100 60 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 35. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 24 20 40 FRONT VIEW F.V. 30 10 X Y O 10 30 10 30 O 80 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN T.V. TOP VIEW DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 36. 25 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 10 10 15 25 25 X Y O 50 10 FV LSV PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
  • 37. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN 26 DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 30 20 10 20 15 10 15 O 15 30 15 X Y 50 F.V. LEFT S.V.