1. Mobile Communication
Networks
Session 1: Introduction
Dr. Eng. Yousef E. Hamouda

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Lecturer
 Dr. Eng. Yousef Hamouda:
 Associate Professor in Electronic Engineering and
Computer Science
 Chair of Scientific Committee for PICICT 2021
 Head of Information Technology Center
 Manager of Networking and Infrastructure Department
 Chair of MSc. in Cyber Physical System,
 Email: ye.hamouda@alaqsa.edu.ps
 Meeting: Centre of Information Technology and by
appointment only (use the email)
 Discussion: Could be in the meeting or after lectures

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Do and Don’t
 Don’t
 No mobile phones in class
 No noises and talking in class, unless you are
asked to contribute
 No late attendees (>10 minutes)
 No eating or drinking during lectures
 Do
 Study and concentrate in class
 Ask for repeat
 Ask questions

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Supporting Information
 Source of Information
 Lecture Notes
 Test Books
 Additional Resources: web links, paper, etc.
 and more…

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Text Books
 William Stallings, Wireless Communications and
Networks, Prentice Hall.
 K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy, Principles of
Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach,
Prentice Hall.
 Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications
and Networking”, McGraw-Hill Forouzan
Networking Series

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Assessment
 Final Examination: 50%
 Mid Term Examination: 20%
 Written Coursework (individual): 30%
 Written Research Paper (6 pages) (It can be
joint with real products, implementation or
Labs): 20%
 Oral Presentation / Demonstration with
Discussion: 10%

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Course Main Topics:
 Introduction
 Review and Fundamentals of Wireless Systems.
 WLAN/WPAN/WWAN
 WiFi (802.11)
 WiMAX (IEEE802.16)
 BT (802.15)
 Wireless Mobile Networks: 2G (GSM and CDMA),
3G and Beyond
 Internet and Communication Networks
 Mobile IP and Advanced topics

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT): A digital wireless communication
standard for telephone used for home and
businesses, which is primarily used for creating
cordless phone systems
 Named Cordless Phone or Portable Phone
 It replaces the handset cord with a radio link
 Range (inside building): 50m
 Range (open area): 300m
 Frequency: 1880MHz to 1900MHz
 Connected to: Public Switching Telephone
Network (PSTN)
 1G portable phone
 Analogue Voice Only
Mobile
Handset
Base
Station
PSTN
1988

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS):
 A first-generation (1G) cellular technology
 An analog mobile phone system standard
 Only voice communication (2.4 Kbps)
 Low frequency: 150 MHz (High coverage
Hight latency and battery consumption)
 Digital AMPS (D-AMPS):
 It uses existing AMPS channels.
 A digital mobile system.
 It considers 2G mobile phone systems.
1979

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM):
 A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
used by mobile phones.
 Uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
 Each user is assign different time slot in given RF
channel
 Frequency: 900 MHz
 Data, SMS and Voice Communication (14.4 Kbps)
 Interim Standard 95 (IS-95):
 A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
 Uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), a multiple
access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data and
signaling data (such as a dialed telephone number)
between mobile telephones and cell sites.
 Each user is assigned a PN sequence code
1991

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
 A packet-switched mobile data service (Internet) on the 2G.
 GPRS is a best-effort service, implying variable throughput
and latency that depend on the number of other users
sharing the service concurrently
 GPRS provides data rates of 53.6 kbps DL / 26.8 Kbps UL

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) (Cont.)
 2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is
sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology
between the 2G and 3G generations of mobile telephony .
 GPRS usage is charged based on volume of data
transferred, which is billed per minute of connection time .
 GPRS data can sold either as part of a bundle (e.g. up to
5 GB per month for a fixed fee) or on a pay-as-you-use
basis .
 Usage above bundle cap is charged per MB or
disallowed.
 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE): It is
2.75G and known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS). It
provides a data rate of 236.8 kbps DL / 59.2 Kbps UL.

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS( and
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA):
 It is a third generation mobile cellular system (3G) .
 It provide several bearer services, real-time and non-real
time services, circuit and packet switched transmission,
and many different data rates.
 It is broadband based
transmission of text, digitized
voice, video calling, Mobile Internet,
Streaming and multimedia
 Speed: (384 Kbps (Moving) - 2Mbps (Non-Moving))
 Frequency: 2100/1900/850 MHz
1998

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA): It is 3.5G mobile
communications protocol. The standard allows bit-rates
5.76 Mbps Uplinks and 14.4 Mbps in the Downlink.
 High Speed Packet Access+ (HSPA+): It is 3.75G mobile
communications protocol using MIMO .The standard
allows bit-rates 22 Mbps Uplinks and 168 Mbps in the
Downlink.

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access (MIMO)
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
2009

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
2020

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
 5G Overview
 It is a new global wireless standard
 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to
connect virtually everyone and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
 Massive Internet-of-Things (IoT)

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Beam Forming
Massive MIMO (64*64)

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Various Target
eMBB: High Speed applications
mMTC: Many Devices applications
URLLC: Low Latency applications

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Various Target

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Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Frequency Range
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

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Evolution of Mobile Communication

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Evolution of Wireless Networks
 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
 Data-Oriented
 IEEE 802.11 (WiFi)
 Wireless Local Loop (WLL):
 Data/Voice-Oriented
 IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs):
 Data/Voice-Oriented
 IEEE 802.15 Family: Bluetooth (BT), Ultra Wide Band
(UWB), and ZigBee.

24. Mobility vs Data Rate
Evolution to higher bit rates drives convergence between
fixed/mobile systems and the Internet

25. Core and Access Networks

26.  CORE: Mostly wired and fixed components such as:
 Servers
 Switches
 Databases
 Routing
 Internetworking
 Operation and maintenance
 network management
 Call control
 mobility management
 ACCESS: Provision of mobile access to services over
core networks; Mobile terminal access, roaming, traffic
delivery, etc.
Core and Access Networks

27. Configurations
Infrastructure Dependent
Wireless Networks
Non-infrastructure Networks
(Ad Hoc Wireless Network)
Classification of Wireless Networks

28.  Satellite: Wide coverage and High Mobility
 Cellular Networks: High Mobility
 Wireless LANs such as WiFi, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) such as
WiMax: Low/None Mobility
Wireless Networks – Infrastructure

29.  Applications:
 Disaster recovery
 Smart office and home
 Battlefield
 Rapid Deployment
infrastructure
 Wireless: cabling
impractical
 Ad-Hoc: no advance
planning and can be
random deployment
Wireless Networks – Ad Hoc

30. Wireless Link Mobility and Portability
(Anywhere and any time)
Challenges:
 High data rate (multimedia traffic)/greater capacity
 Networking (seamless connectivity)
 Resource allocation (quality of service - QoS)
 Manifold physical impairments
 Mobility (rapidly changing physical
channel)
 Portability (battery life)
 Privacy/security (encryption)
Attributes of Wireless Access

31. Writing
 Read, understand, think and then write by your own
words
 Don’t copy and past
 References

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Writing Skills
 Be clear:
• Make sure your sentences make sense and are to
the point.
• Keep your sentences short and express your ideas
simply.
• Make sure your writing is specific (Start with big
window, smaller, smaller and then be very specific)
• Every thing should be referenced. Do not assume
the reader believe what your are writing without
proves.
• Do not use words like I, we, they. Instead use the
author, the researchers,….
• If you have something you believe, use the author
think. Not always.

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Writing Skills
 Be coherent:
• Make a plan before you start writing to not wander from
one idea to another then back to the first one.
• Make sure your ideas are grouped together in
paragraphs
• Once a set of ideas has been discussed start a new
paragraph.
• Linked paragraphs together to guide the reader through
your thought process (Logical structure and flow of
ideas)
• Clear layout of headings and well presented diagrams
• Pay extra attention to your references. Incomplete or no
references will be strongly penalized.
 English: Grammar, Spelling, Vocabulary, Punctuation,
Verbs, Capital letters.

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Writing Skills
 Writing:
• Assessing students’ thinking.
• A method for developing your thinking.
• Allows to structure your ideas by building one idea
upon another.
 Requirements:
• Hard work and a large amount of research and reading.
• Make sure you select relevant material.
• To learn to keep your research and your notes
organized.
• To use an academic style in your written English.
• To achieve the right presentation.
• Avoid research risks.

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Writing Skills
 Rule # 1: Analysis = Thinking
• If you do not analyze the material you have read then
all you are doing is showing that you have done a lot of
groundwork.
• You are not showing your ability to think.
 Rule # 2: Structuring your ideas = your plan
• The basic unit is the paragraph.
• Plan your writing paragraph by paragraph.
• Start a paragraph with the main idea, and then
develop it.
• One idea per paragraph: each section or paragraph
must be internally consistent.
• The result will be your plan.

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Writing Skills
Final Strategy
Read, Understand,
Think/Analysis, Write
(By your Own Words)

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Plagiarism
 Plagiarism: is the use of the work of another person,
including another student, as your own without
acknowledging the source.
 Avoiding Plagiarism
• Use direct quotations and references (Not always)
• Acknowledge the sources of your information
(references)
• Providing evidence to support your arguments
• Write By your Own Words
 Plagiarism Checker: Less than 10% is acceptable.
 Penalties for Plagiarism: Very Harmful !!