1.
University of Management & Technology
Early Intervention
M.Phil. Special Education

2.
Group Introduction
M.PHIL. Special Education (1st semester)
Ahmed Bilal
Group Member
Hina Adil
Group Member
Fatima Mohsin
Group Member
Mohsin Asif
Group Member

3.
Agenda
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2
3
4
5
Definition of Early Intervention
Purpose of Early Intervention
Early intervention History
Milestones birth to three
Early intervention law and legislation

4.
Agenda
6
7
8
9
10
Components of early intervention
Types of early intervention
Process of early intervention
Articles of early intervention & New lies of research
Issues in processing in early interventions

5.
Definition of Early Intervention
 Early intervention is the process of providing services, education and support to
young children who have developmental delays or disabilities.
 Early intervention is a system of coordinated services that promotes the child's
age-appropriate growth and development and supports families during the critical
early years.

6.
Early intervention History:-
In 1986, Congress established the program of early intervention for infants and toddlers with
disabilities in recognition of “an urgent and substantial need” to:
• minimize their potential for developmental delay.
• reduce the educational costs to society, including Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for
special education and related services at school age.
• maximize the potential for their independent living in society.
• enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with
handicaps.
In the 1990s, many states in the US put into place a program where the child's pediatrician can
recommend a child for early childhood intervention screening. These services are usually provided free
of charge through the local school district or county, depending on the state.

7.
• 1968, Handicapped children’s Early education
Assistance Act set up model program to demonstrate
how early intervention could work.
• 1986, PL 99-457 extended mandated services for
children with disabilities from birth to age 6
• 2004, IDEA Part C addresses the needs of children
from birth to 2
• IDEA Part B addresses children from 3 to 6
Legislation on Early Intervention

8.
Early intervention legislation In Pakistan
National disable policy 2002:-
Area of focus &
Special Attention
Prevention
Detection
intervention
counseling
Genetic Counseling
Family Guidance

9.
 Lessen the effects of the disability or delay.
 To identify and meet a child's needs in five developmental areas:
Physical development
Cognitive development
Communication
Social or Emotional development
Adaptive development.
Purpose of early intervention:

10.
Milestones birth to three:-
At age one month most children can:
• Raise their heads slightly when lying on their stomachs
• Briefly watch objects
• Pull away from a blanket on their face
At age three months most children can:
• Lift their heads and chest while lying on their stomachs
• Make cooing sounds
• Follow a moving person with their eyes
• Smile back at someone

11.
Milestones birth to three:-
At age six months most children can:
• Sit with minimal support
• Roll from their back to their stomach
• Respond to their name by looking
At age 12 months most children can:
• Pull themselves up to stand and take steps with hands held
• Follow with their eyes in the direction that you are pointing
• Start a game of peek-a-boo, imitate clapping hands, point to show
you something
• Say two or three words on a regular basis
• Sit up when prompted

12.
Milestones birth to three:-
At age 18 months most children can:
• Walk backwards
• Walk down stairs holding an adult's hand
• Use words and gestures (like taking you by the hand) to get needs met
• Perform simple pretend play like talking on the phone, feeding a stuffed
animal

13.
Milestones birth to three:-
At age 24 months most children can:
• Kick a large ball
• Describe an injury or illness to an adult (bumped my head)
• Show interest in other children by offering them a toy or taking
their hand
At age 32 months most children can:
• Pretend to be an animal or favorite character
• Talk about the past/future
• Answer "what", "where", and "who" questions easily
• Imitate drawing a horizontal line after being shown
• Hold a crayon with 3 fingers.

14.
Timeframes for all this
Within 45 days, the early intervention system must complete the critical
steps discussed thus far:
screening (if used in the state),
initial evaluation of the child,
initial assessments of the child and family, and
writing the IFSP (if the child has been found eligible).
That’s a tall order, but important, given how quickly children grow and
change. When a baby or toddler has developmental issues, they need to
be addressed as soon as possible. So—45 days, that’s the timeframe
from referral to completion of the IFSP for an eligible child.

15.
Process of Early Intervention
Parents &
Families
Referral
Initial services
coordinator
IFSP Review(every 6
Month)
On-Going service
coordinator
Evaluation Early intervention
services
Transition
IFSP Meeting

16.
Infants/ Toddlers
• Lead agency: Agency appointed by
governor
• Transitioning: to preschool program
• Orientation: family, parent/ infant
interaction
• Law: Part C, IDEA
• Age: birth to 2
• Plan: IFSP
Preschoolers
• Lead agency: State education agency
• Transitioning: to general and special
program
• Orientation: developmental,
cognitive learning of child
• Law: Part B, IDEA
• Age: 3 to 5
• Plan: IFSP and IEP
Key points of process

17.
• Can provide both intermediate and long terms
benefits.
• Mandatory preschool for children with
disabilities.
• State that receive early intervention funds must
serve all infants and toddlers.
• State must serve all infants and toddlers who
are identified as at risk.
The Importance of Early Intervention

18.
The-5 Component Model for Early Intervention in Natural
Environment

19.
Services provisions of IFSP and IEP
Individualized Family Services Plan
• A written plan for providing early intervention
services to an eligible child and his family.
• Birth through age 3.
• Is inclusive of the family’s needs.
• Services provided in natural environment.
• Families are assigned a service coordinator.
• Generally reviewed every 6 months.
• IFSP team makes decisions.
• Governed under the Part C of IDEA.
Individualized Educational Plan
• A written plan for providing special education
and related services to a child with a disability
covered under the IDEA.
• Age 3 to 21
• Focuses on the child’s needs.
• Services provided at school.
• No service coordinator.
• Generally reviewed per year.
• IEP team makes decisions.
• Governed under the Part B of IDEA.

20.
IFSP Services
A child who qualifies may receive one or more of these services:
Speech and language therapy
Physical or occupational therapy
Psychological services
Home visits
Medical, nursing, or nutrition services

21.
IFSP Services….
Hearing (audiology) or vision services
Social work services
Transportation
Assistive technology
Special education and related services

22.
IFSP Services….
Extended school year programs/services
Supplementary aids and modifications
of supports for the student
Assistive devices and supports needed
Program modifications or supports for
school personnel that will be provided
Individual testing modifications

23.
General role of service providers of
early intervention
• Consulting with parents, other services providers and
representatives of community agencies
• Training parents and others regarding the provision of
early childhood special education services
• Participating in the multidisciplinary team assessment
of the child (and family in Part C) and in the
development of integrated goals and outcomes of IFSP
and IEP

24.
Benefits of Early Intervention

25.
Benefits of Children with disabilities and
developmental delay
1. Increase IQ, Communication and Social Interaction
2. Decrease problematic behaviors from becoming a habit
3. Develop meaningful and lasting relationships
4. Gain essential social skills and thrive in society

26.
• Early referrals/ wait and see
• Assistance with referral to specialty care
• Waiting for diagnostic appointments
• Coordination
• Early Intervention
• Early Childhood
• Medical
Challenges in Early Intervention

27.
• Parents in denial or experiencing difficulty in convincing others.
• Accommodations for children with physical and cognitive disabilities
so they are not excluded from other early childhood settings and
activities
• Responses within child welfare to ensure that children retain ties and
connections with caring adults in nurturing environments
• Early identification and response to developmental disabilities and
delays within Part C and Part B of IDEA and other service systems
• Early detection and treatment of mental health concerns and issues,
often involving significant support to parents and other families
members in the process
Current Issues :-

28.
Thank you for
listening
Any Questions please ?