ppt

1. RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Design is the plan, structure and strategy of
investigations conceived so as to obtain answer of
research questions and to control variance. -----
Kerlinger
The plan of attack: What approach to the problem will
be taken? And what strategies will be most effective?
A plan for selecting the sources and types of
information used to answer research questions
A framework for specifying the relationships among
the study variables
A blueprint that outlines each procedure from the
hypothesis to the analysis

2. PROCESS OF DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING A RESEARCH
PROJECT:
 What--What was studied?
 What about--What aspects of
the subject were studied?
 What for--What is/was the
significance of the study?
 What did prior lit./research say?
 What was done--How was the
study conducted?
 What was found?
 So what?
 What now?
2
1. Introduction,
Research Problems/
Objectives, &
Justification
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
(Research sample, data
collection, measurement,
data analysis)
4. Results & Discussion
5. Implications
6. Conclusions and
Recommendations for
Future Research

3. ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH DESIGN
 The Problem
 The Methodology
 Data Gathering
 Data Analysis
 Report Writing
Considerations while designing Research Design
 Useful and less costly
 Simplification of research
 Flexibility
 Minimize errors
 Reliability
 Appropriate Results

4. HISTORICAL RESEARCH DESIGN
 Analyzing the past events and develops the present
concept and conclusion
 Analyzing the previous informations or events
minutely and testing their validity
 The main purpose is to show the relevance of past
events to present
 Depends upon data observed by other rather than
investigator
 Depends upon primary sources and reviews of
literature

5. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
 Fact finding from analyzing informations
 Assessing opinions, behaviors and to describe the
situations and events.
 Process of accumulating facts
 Researcher collects, classifies and correlates data
to describe what exists
 Related to prediction and explanation of facts

6. DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
 Purpose is to predict future trends
 Concentrates on variables, their rate of changes,
directions, sequences and other interrelated factors over
a period of time
 1. Longitudinal growth study: study people or events at
different time periods.
 2. Cross sectional growth study: Data are gathered just
once: perhaps over a period of time.One shot study.
 3. Trend study: Data are collected after a certain time
interval
 4. Cohort Study:Study of a group of people who have
similar characteristics or experience.

7. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN
 Identify problem and analysis of problem where is less
knowledge
 Find new idea in the area developing concepts more
clearly
 Less structured and more flexible
 Gaining knowledge reviewing literatures, enquiring and
interviewing and analyzing qualitative data
 The area may be vague or new

8. CASE STUDY RESEARCH
 Detail and Intensive analysis of any single events or
units or social issues
 Analyzing the events through observation
 Sources are individual record, diary, letters,
document of office, meeting and seminars etc.
 An intensive, integrated and insightful method of of
studying the social phenomenon
 A generalization drawn from a single case cannot
be applied to all cases..

9. CORRELATIONAL STUDY
 To ascertain the extent to which two variables are
related
 Changes in one variable accompany changes in
another
 Positive/ Negetive and Zero correlation
Causal Comparative Research
 Investigating the possible causes affecting a
particular situation by observing existing
consequences and searching for the possible
factors leading to this results
 Ex post facto; data are collected after all the events
of interest have occurred
 Considers to one or more Independent variables

10. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 Provides strong basis for causal relationship
 Controlling all other variables considering to a few
through observation or experiment
 Can be used in laboratory and work field
 It has manipulation, control and randomization
Quasi Experimental design
 When difficult to apply real experiment research in
social science it can be used
 Strictly control is impossible in social science