1. APE
Short Answers

2. Answer
Answer the question by restating the
question.

3. Prove
Prove your answer with a quote and a
paraphrase.

4. Explain
Explain how your proof supports your
answer.

5. Introducing and Explaining
Quotations

6. Introducing
X states, “_________________.”
According to X, “____________.”

7. Introducing
In the short story, X writes, “___.”
In X’s view, “_______________.”

8. Explaining
Basically, X is saying _________.
In other words, X believes _____.

9. Explaining
In making this comment, X
suggests that _______.
X’s point is that _____________.

10. Does not follow quote or explanation introductions.
Does not incorporate a direct quote or paraphrase.

11. Does not follow quote or explanation introductions.
Does not incorporate direct quotes.
Don’t begin with what you think. Leave yourself out.
Additionally, the second quote could be used as a paraphrase.