Collabnix Online Webinar - Demystifying Docker & Kubernetes Networking by Balasundaram Natarajan
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Collabnix Slack Channel accomodates around 1300+ members and conducted the first online webinar. One of Dockerlabs contributor "Balasundaram Natarajan" talked around Demystifying Docker & Kubernetes Networking.
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Collabnix Online Webinar - Demystifying Docker & Kubernetes Networking by Balasundaram Natarajan
- 1. Demystifying Docker & Kubernetes Networking
- 2. • Senior Devops Engineer at Onmobile Global • Part of Bangalore Docker Community • One of the Contributors in Docker Labs • Have travelled extensively from work. • A Linux, Docker Enthusiast, Avid Runner and Cyclist LinkedIn profile https://in.linkedin.com/in/balasundaram-natarajan-43471115 Who am I?
- 3. •Overview of Container Networking Standards •Docker CNM-Container Networking Model Dive •Kubernetes CNI- Container Networking Interface Dive Agenda
- 5. Container Standards Many different standards
- 6. Putting all Container Standards together Allows users to build container images with any tool they choose. Different tools are good for different use cases. OCI compliant runtimes can consume the config.json and root filesystem, and tell the kernel to create a container. OCI compliant runtimes can consume the config.json and root filesystem, and tell the kernel to create a container. The container engine is responsible for creating the config.json file and unpacking images into a root file system.
- 7. Container in comparison with OSI
- 8. Container Building Blocks Namespace • Linux provides seven different namespaces (Cgroup, IPC, Network, Mount, PID, User and UTS). • Network namespaces (CLONE_NEWNET) determine the network resources that are available to a process, • Each network namespace has its own network devices, IP addresses, IP routing tables, /proc/net directory, port numbers, and so on. cgroups: • blkio, cpu, cpuacct, cpuset, devices, hugetlb, memory, • net_cls,net_prio, pids, Freezer,Perf_events,ns • xt_cgroup(cgroupv2)
- 9. Container Building Blocks In cgroups v1, you could assign threads of the same process to different cgroups.But in Cgroup v2, this is not possible. Rhel8 by default comes up with cgroupv2. Note: Kernel version has to be 4.5 and above
- 11. High Level Abstractions CTR 1 CTR2
- 13. CNM VS CNI Note: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/01/why-kubernetes-doesnt-use-libnetwork/
- 14. Containers and the CNM Endpoint Sandbox Network Container Container C1 Container C2 Container C3 Network A Network B
- 16. Docker Default Network Drivers
- 18. Default Bridge Network(docker0) Docker host bridgenet1 Cntnr 1 Cntnr 2 Cntnr 3 Docker host bridgenet2 Cntnr 4 Cntnr 5 bridgenet3 Cntnr 7Cntnr 6 docker network create -d bridge --name bridgenet1
- 19. Docker Bridge Networking and Port Mapping Docker host 1 Bridge Cntnr1 10.0.0.8 L2/L3 physical network :80 :8080172.14.3.55 $ docker container run -p 8080:80 ... Host port Container port
- 21. Host Network
- 25. Macvlan Network
- 26. Ipvlan Mode L2
- 27. Ipvlan Mode L3
- 28. Overlay Mode The overlay driver enables simple and secure multi-host networking
- 29. Overlay Mode
- 30. What is Service Discovery The ability to discover services within a Swarm • Every service registers its name with the Swarm • Every task registers its name with the Swarm • Clients can lookup service names • Service discovery uses the DNS resolver embedded inside each container and the DNS server inside of each Docker Engine
- 31. Service Discovery Big Picture “mynet” network (overlay) Docker host 1 task1.myservice task2.myservice Docker host 2 task3.myservice task1.myservice 10.0.1.19 task2.myservice 10.0.1.20 task3.myservice 10.0.1.21 myservice 10.0.1.18 Swarm DNS (service discovery)
- 32. 32 Service Virtual IP (VIP) Load Balancing • Every service gets a VIP when it’s created • This stays with the service for its entire life • Lookups against the VIP get load-balanced across all healthy tasks in the service • Behind the scenes it uses Linux kernel IPVS to perform transport layer load balancing • docker service inspect <service> (shows the service VIP) NAME HEALTHY IP myservice 10.0.1.18 task1.myservice Y 10.0.1.19 task2.myservice Y 10.0.1.20 task3.myservice Y 10.0.1.21 task4.myservice Y 10.0.1.22 task5.myservice Y 10.0.1.23 Service VIP Load balance group
- 33. 33 What is the Routing Mesh Native load balancing of requests coming from an external source • Services get published on a single port across the entire Swarm • Incoming traffic to the published port can be handled by all Swarm nodes • A special overlay network called “Ingress” is used to forward the requests to a task in the service • Traffic is internally load balanced as per normal service VIP load balancing
- 34. Routing Mesh Example Docker host 2 task2.myservice Docker host 1 task1.myservice Docker host 3 IPVS IPVS IPVS Ingress network 8080 8080 8080 “mynet” overlay network LB 1. Three Docker hosts 2. New service with 2 tasks 3. Connected to the mynet overlay network 4. Service published on port 8080 swarm-wide 5. External LB sends request to Docker host 3 on port 8080 6. Routing mesh forwards the request to a healthy task using the ingress network
- 35. Node Node Node Node Node Node Swarm Topology Node Node Node Node Node Node Manager Worker ● Each Node has a role ● Roles are dynamic ● Programmable Topology
- 36. Swarm Topology: High Availability
- 37. Swarm Manager Swarm Manager Swarm Topology: High Availability Swarm Manager Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Leader FollowerFollower
- 38. Swarm Manager Swarm Manager Swarm Topology: High Availability Swarm Manager Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Leader FollowerFollower
- 39. Swarm Manager Swarm Manager Swarm Topology: High Availability Swarm Manager Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Follower FollowerLeader
- 40. Swarm Manager Swarm Manager Swarm Topology: High Availability Swarm Manager Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Swarm Worker Follower FollowerLeader
- 41. Services Tasks • Services provide a piece of functionality • Based on a Docker image • Replicated Services and Global Services • Tasks are the containers that actually do the work • A service has 1-n tasks
- 42. How service deployment works $ docker service create declares the service name, network, image:tag and scale Managers break down service into tasks, schedules them and workers execute tasks Engines check to see what is running and compared to what was declared to “true up” the environment Declare ScheduleReconcile
- 43. Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Services $ docker service create --replicas 3 --name frontend --network mynet --publish 80:80/tcp frontend_image:latest mynet
- 44. Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Services $ docker service create --replicas 3 --name frontend --network mynet --publish 80:80/tcp frontend_image:latest $ docker service create --name redis --network mynet redis:latest mynet
- 45. Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Node Failure $ docker service create --replicas 3 --name frontend --network mynet --publish 80:80/tcp frontend_image:latest $ docker service create --name redis --network mynet redis:latest mynet
- 46. Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Desired State ≠ Actual State $ docker service create --replicas 3 --name frontend --network mynet --publish 80:80/tcp frontend_image:latest $ docker service create --name redis --network mynet redis:latest mynet
- 47. Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Converge Back to Desired State $ docker service create --replicas 3 --name frontend --network mynet --publish 80:80/tcp frontend_image:latest $ docker service create --name redis --network mynet redis:latest mynet
- 49. Kubernetes At a High Level
- 54. Network Landscape in Kubernetes
- 55. CNI
- 58. Kubernetes Networking Model Given the above constraints , below problems to be solved in Kubernetes Networking
- 59. Container to container networking
- 60. Pod Networking
- 61. Pod to Pod Networking
- 62. Pod to Pod Networking same node
- 63. Pod to Pod Networking different node
- 64. Overlay approach
- 65. Service
- 67. Pod to Service Networking
- 68. Service to Pod Networking
- 70. Nodeport
- 71. Load Balancer
- 73. Ingress Layer7 Load balancing
- 75. DENY all traffic to an application LIMIT traffic to an application
- 76. DENY all non-whitelisted traffic in a namespace DENY all traffic from other namespaces
- 77. ALLOW traffic from other namespaces ALLOW traffic from external clients
- 81. Reference • https://github.com/collabnix/dockerlabs • https://docs.docker.com • http://www.collabnix.com • https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/ • https://sookocheff.com/post/kubernetes/understanding-kubernetes-networking-model/ • https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-inspect-kubernetes-networking • https://success.docker.com/article/docker-ee-best-practices#astandarddeploymentarchitecture • https://success.docker.com/article/networking • https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/12/container-runtime-interface-cri-in-kubernetes/ • https://medium.com/@reuvenharrison/an-introduction-to-kubernetes-network-policies-for- security-people-ba92dd4c809d • https://sreeninet.wordpress.com/2016/05/29/docker-macvlan-and-ipvlan-network-plugins/
- 82. Thank You