The document discusses India's major contributions to parallel processing, including several supercomputers developed by government organizations: PARAM systems by CDAC ranging from 1 GFlop to over 500 TFlops; ANUPAM systems by BARC ranging from 30 Mflops to over 40 GFlops; PACE by ANURAG for aerodynamic simulations; FLOSOLVER by NAL for weather prediction; and CHIPPS for digital switching. These systems were applied to fields like computational fluid dynamics, materials simulation, and climate modeling to meet India's high performance computing needs.

1. INDIAN CONTRIBUTION
TOWARDS PARALLEL
PROCESSING

2. INTRODUCTION
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The main fields that need advanced
computing are:
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
Design of large structures
Computational physics and Chemistry
Climate Modeling
Vehicle Simulation
Image processing
Signal Processing
Oil reservoir Management
Seismic data processing

3. 
Major Indian parallel computing
projects
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PARAM(from CDAC, Pune)
ANUPAM(from BARC, Bombay)
MTPPS(from BARC, Bombay)
PACE(from ANURAG, Hyderabad)
CHIPPS(from CDOT, Bangalore)
FLOSOLVER(from NAL, Bangalore)

4. PARAM
Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing
 India’s first super computer – PARAM
8000
 1 GF (Giga Flops) Parallel Machine
 64 node prototype i.e. had 64 CPU’s
 PARAM is Sanskrit and means
“Supreme”
 Programming environment called
PARAS


5. Based on Transputers 800/805
 Theoretically peak performance was 1
giga flops
 Practically provided 100 to 200 Mflops
 Hardware upgrade was given to
PRAM 8000 to produce the new
PARAM 8600
 Hardware up gradation was the
integration of i860 with PARAM 8000


6. PARAM 9000
Mission was to deliver teraflops range
parallel system
 This architecture emphasizes flexibility
 PARAM 9000SS is based on
SuperSarc Processors
 Operating speed of processor is 75
Mhz
 PARAM 10000 has a peak speed of
6.4 GFlops


7. PARAM Padma
Introduced in April 2003
 Top speed of 1024 Gflops ( 1 Tflops)
 Used IBM Power4 CPU’s
 Operating system was IBM AIX 5
 First Indian computer to break 1 Tflops
barrier


8. PARAM Yuva
Unveiled in November 2008
 The maximum sustainable speed is 38.1
Tflops
 The peak speed is 54 Tflops
 Uses Intel 73XX with 2.9 Ghz each.
 Storage capacity of 25 TB upto 200 TB
 PARAM Yuva II released in February
2013
 Peak performance of 524 Tflops
 Uses less power compared to its
predecessor


9. PARAM Yuva

10. ANUPAM
Developed by Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Bombay
 200 Mflops of sustained computing
power was needed by them.
 Based on standard MultiBus II i860
hardware


11. ANUPAM Pentium Super Computer Placed
at BARC

12. ANUPAM 860
First developed in December 1991
 It made use of i860 microprocessor
@ 40Mhz
 Overall sustained speed of 30 Mflops
 Upgraded version released on August
1992 has a computational speed of 52
Mflops
 Further upgradation provided a
sustained speed of 110 Mflops which
was released in Novemeber 1992


13. 
Later up gradations provided a
sustained computational speed of 400
Mflops which was equivalent to CRAY
Y/MP Vector Supercomputers

14. ANUPAM Alpha
Developed in July 1997 having a
sustained speed of 1000 Mflops
 Made use of Alpha 21164
microprocessor @ 400 Mhz
 This system used complete servers /
workstations as compute node instead
of processor boards.
 Updated version released in March
1998 had a sustained speed of 1.5
Gflops.


16. ANUPAM Pentium
Started in January 1998
 Main focus of its development is the
minimization of cost
 The first version ANUPAM Pentium
II/4 gave a sustained speed of 248
Mflops
 ANUPAM Pentium II was expanded in
march 1999 with a sustained speed of
1.3Gflops


17. In April 2000 the system was
upgraded to Pentium III/16 which gave
a sustained speed of 3.5 Gflops
 ANUPAM PIV 64 node has a
sustained speed of 43 Gflops


18. Applications
All the three versions of ANUPAM was
introduced to solve the computational
problems at BARC.
 The main fields that ANUPAM being
used are

◦ Molecular Dynamic Simulation
◦ Neutron Transport Calculation
◦ Gamma Ray Simulation by Monte Carlo
Method
◦ Crystal Structure Analysis

20. PACE
Developed by ANURAG (Advanced
Numerical Research and Analysis
Group) under DRDO
 Developed as a result of R & D in
parallel computing
 Uses VLSI
 Started in 1998
 Motorolla 68020 processor @ 16.67
MHz


21. Processor for Aerodynamic
Computation and Evaluation (PACE)
 Used to design computational Fluid
Dynamics needed in aircraft
 Developed version is Pace Plus 32
used in missile development
 More advanced version is PACE++


22. ANAMICA - Software
ANURAG’s Medical Imaging and
Characterization Aid (ANAMICA)
 Medical visualization software for data
obtained from MRI , CT and
Ultrasound
 Has both two dimensional and three
dimensional visualization
 Used for medical diagnosis etc


23. DHRUVA 3
Set up by DRDO for solving mission
critical Defence Research and
Development applications
 Used in design of aircraft
 Eg: Advanced Medium Combact
Aircraft (AMCA)


24. FLOSOLVER
Started in 1986 by National Aerospace
Laboratories (NAL)
 Used in numerical weather prediction
 Varsha GCM could predict the
weather accurately in two weeks
advance uses FS
 Based on 16 bit Intel 8086 and 8087
processors
 Updated versions were released to
increase the performance


25. CHIPPS
Developed to have indigenous digital
switching technology
 Established in rural exchanges and
secondary switching areas
 Speed of 200 Mflops is acquired
