Mapping Hacks Tutorial 1

Where 2.0
Mapping Hacks Tutorial 1
Andrew Turner FortiusOne ajturner@gmail.com

Rabble ENTP evan@protest.net

Welcome to Mapping the Mapping Hacks with Google, Yahoo, Open Street Map, and fellow
travelers.

I’m Rabble, i like to cause trouble, and think maps are fun. I don’t do this for a living.

I’m Andrew, i like to build maps and i do do this for a living.

Mapping Hacks Tutorial
What’s Covered?
Building Maps Part I

Building Data Part II

This tutorial is divided up in to two parts. First half is the building and display of maps. Then
we’ll have a break, and the second half will be about the data of maps.

Feel free
to ask questions
at any time.

http://ﬂickr.com/photos/seandreilinger/2326448445

Building Maps

How to build maps, and put them on the web. The scope of this tutorial is limited to web
mapping.

Building Data

The second half of the workshop is how to get and manipulate mapping data. There’s a huge
amount of geodata out there, the trick is getting it in to useful formats.

Building Data == Later == Part II

But that’s for the second half, after the break. Before we can get there, we need to be able to
see it.

Building Maps On Other
People’s API’s
It’s possible to use pure open source data and software to do mapping. For the more
advanced examples we will use these tools. But the vast majority of mapping hacks today are
built upon google maps, so we will start by walking through how to build on top of and
extend google maps.

Terminology

•Vector •XML

•Raster •REST

•Feature •Proprietary - Open

•Attributes

First, some terminology to help

Terminology
<element attribute=quot;valuequot;>
•Vector •XML content
</element>

•Raster •REST


•Attributes


Terminology
<element attribute=quot;valuequot;>
•Vector •XML content
</element>

•Raster •REST http://host/resource.format


•Attributes


Terminology: Geometries

• Point

• LineString

• Box

• Polygon

• MultiGeometry

• Coordinate Reference System (aka Projection)

Even with “location” there are several important types of geometries that are common.
Almost all the formats we’ll talk about support all these geometry types. So we’ll show some
examples, but assume you’ll need to know what’s appropriate, but that it’s probably
supported.

Longitude is the X
Latitude

Longitude [x,y]

Google Maps

Web mapping has been around for a long time, but it was really the advent of google maps
which got the masses hacking on web maps.

Mapstraction

Beyond our ﬁrst demos we’ll get in to how to use the mapstraction library. It lets you easily
move between mapping apis, it’s open source, and works with many data sources.

OpenLayers

Then we’re going to end with some examples built in OpenLayers which give you the most
ﬂexibility in your map hacking.

Mapstraction Recipe
1.Include Javascripts

2.Create an HTML Map Div

3.Create a JavaScript Mapstraction object

4.Center the Map

5.Add Controls

6.Add Features - Markers, Polylines, Overlays, etc.

7.Events

Play Along

http://mapstraction.appspot.com

OpenLayers http://openlayers.org

map = new OpenLayers.Map(quot;mapquot;, {
maxResolution: 360/512,
projection: quot;EPSG:4326quot; ,
numZoomLevels: 20,
minZoomLevel: 0,
maxZoomLevel: 19,
controls: [
new OpenLayers.Control.Navigation(),
new OpenLayers.Control.PanPanel(),
new OpenLayers.Control.ZoomPanel()
]
});
var wms = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(
quot;worldquot;,
quot;/cgi-bin/tilecache/tilecache.cgi?quot;,
{layers: 'world'}
);
map.addLayers([wms]);
map.setCenter(new OpenLayers.LonLat(0, 32), 7);

package {
public class ModestMapsSample extends Sprite
{
private var map:Map;
public function ModestMapsSample()
{
map = new TweenMap(stage.stageWidth - 2 * PADDING, stage.stageHeight - 2 * PADDING,
true,
new MicrosoftRoadMapProvider(),
new MapExtent(37.829853, 37.700121, -122.212601, -122.514725));
map.addChild(new MapControls(map));
map.addChild(new ZoomSlider(map));
addChild(map);
}
}
}

London2012 http://london2012.co.uk

Hurricane Tracking http://hurricanewiki.org

Bakery Routing http://carto.iict.ch/www/broetlikrones/htdocs/index.php

MySociety House Price http://www.mysociety.org/2007/more-travel-maps/

vs. Travel Time

Hacking with Google, Virtual Earth and Yahoo's
Maps API II
Data

Why does open, interoperable data matter?

We just went over how you can create markers with javascript, from a database. Why would
you bother spending time and resources working with formats that man mean other people
can use your data?

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/blah_oh_well/352203022
It’s not enough for a
Web App to be Sticky...
Common design principles want to make a website “sticky”. To encourage users to stay at the
site and return often.

But this is no longer sufficient - users want more.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/orinrobertjohn/139788703
...it also needs to be
stringy.
Web applications need to be “Stringy” - they need to provide ways for users to move their
data into, and out of the system. It needs to connect into the rest of their personal and
corporate suite of tools, workﬂows, and expectations.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/josefstuefer/9500503
almost like a web

Sites need to be sticky, and stringy. Kind of like a web.

or better known as The Web - we’ll get back to that later

Why does it really matter?

Traction is good - but won’t I be the only one doing this? How will it get you business?

photo credits
.gov

let’s look at an actual use case for why this is important

photo credits
Recovery.gov

Recovery.gov is a very new, and quickly conceived and implemented initiative to track all the
stimulus dollars: from tax payer, to gov’t, to agency, to project, to tax payer.

photo credits
A Chance for Change http://isd.ischool.berkeley.edu/stimulus/2009-029/

Given the new administration support for new initiatives and Transparency, it’s a chance for
agencies, and citizens, to engage in rethinking how it’s all done.

They’re talking about GeoRSS AtomPub, KML, Linked Open Data, RDFa. All the hot topics on
data sharing - the point of this workshop.

photo credits
TimeMap Mockup

The UC Berkeley iSchool has published papers, example websites, and example feeds about
how it *could* be done.

photo credits
Data.gov

And it’s just the beginning. Data.gov will incorporate these ideas across the federal, and
subsequently local, governments. This will be they ways in which information is spread in the
US Government.

International Open Data

And it’s not just the US government, it also applies internationally to directives such as
INSPIRE which is working in the EU to open data.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT the City of
Vancouver endorses the principles of:
• Open and Accessible Data - the City of
Vancouver will freely share with citizens,
businesses and other jurisdictions the greatest
amount of data possible while respecting
privacy and security concerns;
• Open Standards - the City of Vancouver will
move as quickly as possible to adopt
prevailing open standards for data,
documents, maps, and other formats of
media;

motion, May 15, 2009
Governments are enforcing data standards.

This is a big win from getting data for your system, as well as providing them technology that
works within their ecosystem.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/bitterlysweet/33358201
Why is it so hard?

So if everyone is clamoring over open, sharable data - why has it been so hard?

photo credits
lots of this Sheets of CSV ﬁles

Currently data is shared either by large spreadsheets of unstructured (or at best semi-
structured) tabular data

photo credits
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/johncharlton/360919818
Each Format is Unique

Even when there is structure, people use arbitrary markups, formats, schemas.

photo credits
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/bookgrl/3111647593
...and unlinked

And there has been no way to know if one location was the same as another - or a person or
project had a link to more about them.

...and proprietary

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/documentarist/473084939/

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/fragilelisa/3212684410
But that’s changing

There is a brighter future - it’s happening grass-roots, top-down, and sideways.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/huladancer22/530743543/
Formats

There are a number of different formats - each of which is appropriate depending on what
you’re trying to do.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/tomhe/311381947
What do you want to do?

The ﬁrst, overarching thing you can do when choosing the formats to support is consider
what you are trying to accomplish.

Interchange
Visualization
Analysis

GeoRSS

GeoRSS simply adds Geo to RSS/Atom

GeoRSS

+


GeoRSS

<georss:point>
+ 45.256 -71.92
</georss:point>


RSS / Atom

<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;utf-8quot;?>
<feed xmlns=quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atomquot; xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/
georssquot; xmlns:local=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/nsquot;>
<title>Oakland Crime Feed</title>
<link href=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/~migurski/oaklandcrime/wwwquot;/>
<updated local:date=quot;Wednesday, Apr 29, 2009quot;
local:time=quot;6:30pmquot;>2009-04-29T18:30:00-07:00</updated>
<entry>
<title>THEFT</title>
<link rel=quot;alternatequot; href=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/~migurski/
oaklandcrime/www/crime/2009-04-29/Theft/127204quot;/>
<id>crime:oakland/09-029660/THEFT</id>
<category term=quot;THEFTquot; label=quot;Theftquot;/>
<content type=quot;htmlquot;><![CDATA[<h3>Theft</h3><h4>Wednesday, Apr 29, 2009
6:30pm</h4>...]]></content>
</entry>
</feed>

http://oakland.crimespotting.org
go from this:

GeoRSS: Example

<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;utf-8quot;?>
<feed xmlns=quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atomquot; xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/
georssquot; xmlns:local=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/nsquot;>
<title>Oakland Crime Feed</title>
<link href=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/~migurski/oaklandcrime/wwwquot;/>
<entry>
<title>THEFT</title>
<link rel=quot;alternatequot; href=quot;http://oakland.crimespotting.org/~migurski/
oaklandcrime/www/crime/2009-04-29/Theft/127204quot;/>
<id>crime:oakland/09-029660/THEFT</id>
<category term=quot;THEFTquot; label=quot;Theftquot;/>
<georss:point>37.807417 -122.275233</georss:point>
<content type=quot;htmlquot;><![CDATA[<h3>Theft</h3><h4>Wednesday, Apr 29, 2009
6:30pm</h4>...]]></content>
</entry>
</feed>

http://oakland.crimespotting.org
to this - with geo added

GeoRSS Spotlight:
Reuters News
Reuters News
Reuters news is one example of a site that you can get GeoRSS to view the news where it’s
happening.

photo credits
GeoRSS Spotlight:
http://oakland.crimespotting.org/
Oakland Crimespotting

GeoRSS Spotlight: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/catalogs/
USGS

GeoRSS Spotlight:
FriendFeed

GeoRSS Future

• Supports point, line, box, polygon

• Not an ‘ofﬁcial’ standard. OGC best practice

• Used by most mapping tools

• Next generation:

• External, by reference, geometries (e.g. link to “US”)

• Multiple geometries per entry

http://georss.org

GeoJSON

very compact - only requires an eval() to turn into JavaScript objects.

GeoJSON

{ quot;keyquot;: quot;valuequot;,
quot;dictionaryquot; : {
quot;index1quot;:quot;another valuequot;,
quot;index2quot;:quot;more valuesquot;
}}

very compact - only requires an eval() to turn into JavaScript objects.

GeoJSON: Point

{ quot;typequot;: quot;Pointquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [100.0, 0.0] }

Supports all the standard geometry types.

GeoJSON: LineString

{ quot;typequot;: quot;LineStringquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [
[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0]
]
}

GeoJSON: Polygon

{ quot;typequot;: quot;Polygonquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [[
[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0],
[101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0],
[100.0, 0.0]
]] }

GeoJSON: MultiGeometry

{
quot;typequot;: quot;MultiPointquot;,
[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0]
]
}

GeoJSON: MultiGeometry

{ quot;typequot;: quot;GeometryCollectionquot;,
quot;geometriesquot;: [
{
quot;typequot;: quot;Pointquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [100.0, 0.0]
},
{
quot;typequot;: quot;LineStringquot;,
[101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0]
]
}
]
}

Supports multiple geometries

GeoJSON: CRS

quot;crsquot;: {
quot;typequot;: quot;namequot;,
quot;propertiesquot;: {
quot;namequot;: quot;urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84quot;
}
}

quot;crsquot;: {
quot;typequot;: quot;linkquot;,
quot;propertiesquot;: {
quot;hrefquot;: quot;http://example.com/crs/42quot;,
quot;typequot;: quot;proj4quot;
}
}

Projections

GeoJSON: Atom

{ quot;blogquot;: {
quot;postsquot;: [
{ quot;typequot;: quot;atom:itemquot;,
quot;atom:summaryquot;: quot;post 1quot;,
quot;atom:descriptionquot;: quot;i love bloggingquot;
},
{ quot;typequot;: quot;atom:itemquot;,
quot;atom:summaryquot;: quot;post 2 from CAquot;,
quot;atom:descriptionquot;: quot;geoblogging in Californiaquot;
quot;geometryquot;: {
quot;typequot;, quot;Pointquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [-120, 40]
}
},
],
quot;geometryquot;: {
quot;typequot;: quot;Polygonquot;,
quot;coordinatesquot;: [[[-121, 39], [-119, 39], [-119, 41], [-121, 41], [-121, 39]]]
}
}
}

An example of Atom encoded in GeoJSON

GPX

• Common Format for GPS (XML)

• Stores

• Waypoints (wpt)

• Tracks (trk)

• Routes (rte)

• Useful for importing from GPS (for geotagging photos) or exporting to (tracks,
waypoints, points of interest)

GPS Exchange format
Used for exporting/importing to GPS Devices

GPX: Track
<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;UTF-8quot;?>
<gpx xmlns:xsi=quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancequot; xmlns=quot;http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/0quot;
version=quot;1.0quot; creator=quot;GPSBabel - http://www.gpsbabel.orgquot; xsi:schemaLocation=quot;http://
www.topografix.com/GPX/1/0 http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/0/gpx.xsdquot;>
<time>2007-12-26T00:42:06Z</time>
<bounds minlat=quot;39.9168108quot; minlon=quot;116.4112773quot; maxlat=quot;40.48346838quot; maxlon=quot;116.65506564quot;/>
<trk>
<name>ACTIVE LOG #2</name>
<number>1</number>
<trkseg>
<trkpt lat=quot;39.923049649quot; lon=quot;116.413739165quot;>
<ele>55.413086</ele>
<time>2007-12-25T00:00:22Z</time>
</trkpt>
<ele>69.352295</ele>
<time>2007-12-25T00:00:31Z</time>
</trkpt>
<ele>66.948975</ele>
<time>2007-12-25T00:00:41Z</time>
</trkpt>
<ele>71.274902</ele>
<time>2007-12-25T00:00:49Z</time>
</trkpt>
<ele>72.236206</ele>
Waypoints, Tracks, Routes
<time>2007-12-25T00:00:55Z</time>
</trkpt>

photo credits
GPX Example: GPSies http://gpsies.com

GPX Example: GPSies http://gpsies.com

CSV - Comma Separated Value

quot;namequot;,quot;holeparquot;,quot;holeyardagequot;,quot;holenumberquot;,quot;latitudequot;,quot;longitudequot;
quot;Simple placemarkquot;,quot;4.0quot;,quot;234.0quot;,quot;1.0quot;,quot;-121.082203542568quot;,quot;37.4222899014025quot;
quot;Simple placemark 2quot;,quot;3.0quot;,quot;100.0quot;,quot;2.0quot;,quot;-121.082203542568quot;,quot;37.4222899014025quot;

quot;namequot;,quot;holeparquot;,quot;holeyardagequot;,quot;holenumberquot;,quot;addressquot;
quot;Simple placemarkquot;,quot;4.0quot;,quot;234.0quot;,quot;1.0quot;,quot;1517 N. Main St., Royal Oak, MIquot;
quot;Simple placemark 2quot;,quot;3.0quot;,quot;100.0quot;,quot;2.0quot;,quot;2200 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VAquot;

can embed Lat,lon as columns - or WKB (well known binary) string

KML
http://code.google.com/apis/kml/
documentation/kmlreference.html

photourl

KML emerged as a commonly used format for sharing data. It meets the 80% case for
geographic information, human-readable information, metadata, attributes, temporal, 3D,
navigation and more. Surprisingly capable for a simple format.

KML

<kml xmlns=quot;http://earth.google.com/kml/2.2quot;>
<Placemark>
<name>Simple placemark</name>
<description>Attached to the ground. Intelligently places itself
at the height of the underlying terrain.</description>
<Point>
<coordinates>-122.0822035425683,37.42228990140251,0</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
</kml>

photo credits
KML Line Strings

photo credits
KML Image Overlay

KML 3D

KML can be styled with icons, colors, labels, and even 3D.

KML: Extended Data

<ExtendedData id=quot;roomsquot;>
<name>Rooms</name>
<value>3</value>
</ExtendedData>

A way to embed attribute data with any placemark

KML: Styles

<Style id='class_0'>
...
</Style>

<Placemark>
<styleUrl>#class_1</styleUrl>

KML: Styles
<Style id='class_0'>
<PolyStyle>

Polygon
<color>bfa5f7fe</color>
<fill>1</fill>
<outline>1</outline>
</PolyStyle>
<LineStyle>
<color>ffa5f7fe</color>
<width>2</width> Line
</LineStyle>
<IconStyle>
<color>bfa5f7fe</color>
<scale>1</scale>
<Icon>
Icon
<href>http://maker.geocommons.com/images/icons/propCircle.png</href>
</Icon>
<hotSpot x=quot;0.5quot; y=quot;0.5quot; xunits=quot;fractionquot; yunits=quot;fractionquot;/>
</IconStyle>
<BalloonStyle>
<text>
Info Window
<![CDATA[<p><b>Number of Installations:</b> $[selected_attribute]</p>
<p><b>cost per 0:</b> $[cost]<br/><b>Description:</b> $[description]<br/>
<b>Incentives:</b> $[incentives]<br/><b>Name:</b> $[name]<br/>
<b>Size of installs (kW):</b> $[size]<br/><b>Zipcode:</b> $[zipcode]<br/></p>
<p><a href=quot;http://maker.geocommons.com/maps/5015quot;>View the map in Maker<i>!</i></p>]]></text>
</BalloonStyle>
</Style>

KML: Network Links

index.kml

layer1.kml layer2.kml layer3.kml

<NetworkLink>
<name><![CDATA[Pubs in London]]></name>
<Link>
<href>http://maker.geocommons.com/maps/839/overlays/1</href>
</Link>
</NetworkLink>

Link to other KML ﬁles within a KML ﬁle. Useful for directory listings of KML.

photo credits
KML Spotlight:
Google Maps

KML Spotlight:
Flickr Export
Flickr photos can be exported using the GeoRSS (geoFeed) or KML links at the bottom of
Flickr pages. This is useful for viewing in GoogleEarth.

KMZ - Zipped KML

All the verbosity, 10% the size.

Cunning in the simplicity of assigning a Zip compression as an actual type. Makes it very easy
to expose via RESTful services and mime-types.

Very useful when bundling multiple KML ﬁles and 3D models together.

Other Visualization Formats

•SLD - Styled Layer Descriptor

•Mapnik

•Cascadenik

SLD - an OGC speciﬁcation. Uses bits of CSS and a lot of XML
Mapnik - the mapnik map rendering library has it’s own styling XML
Cascadenik - a CSS3-like map styling, with preprocesses for exporting to Mapnik styling

example.mml example.mss

<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;utf-8quot;?> * {
<!DOCTYPE Map> line-width: 1;
<Map bgcolor=quot;#b5d0d0quot; srs=quot;...quot;> line-color: #999;
<Stylesheet> polygon-fill: #fff;
Map { map-bgcolor: #ccc; } }
</Stylesheet>
<Stylesheet src=quot;example.mssquot;/> *[zoom>=6][zoom<12] {
<Layer name=quot;worldquot; status=quot;onquot; srs=quot;...quot;> line-color: #f90;
<StyleName>world</StyleName> }
<Datasource> #world-borders[zoom<10] NAME
<Parameter name=quot;typequot;>shape</Parameter> {
<Parameter name=quot;filequot;>...</Parameter> text-fill: #333;
</Datasource> }
</Layer>
</Map>

Cascadenick http://code.google.com/p/mapnik-utils/

Shapefile

A misnomer - not a single “File”, but multiple files: SHP geometry, DBF database, SHX data-
geometry join, PRJ projection file, XML metadata.

ESRI Proprietary format - though now widely used.

Limited to 10 character attribute titles.
All geometries must be the same ‘type’ (all points, or all polygons, but not both)

File GeoDatabases

new ESRI proprietary format - a big problem

SQLite / Spatialite

An alternative. Compact, ﬁle based databases. Spatialite adds spatial extensions

OGC Web Feature Service - WFS

an interface deﬁnition for querying Vector datastores

OGC Web Mapping Service - WMS

an interface for querying Raster data stores

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/mattphotos/228669751/
What again did you want to do?

Now that we’ve done a very quick overview of the formats - let’s look at how to decide what
formats to use.

File Sizes

File Type Size

CSV (points) 3.7k
KML 460k
Shapefile 208k

Proposed Stimulus Spending
http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/9313

The first is strictly technical - what is the file size of these formats? How doest that affect the
user (mobile, costs, server)

User Compatibility

• Feed Readers

• GoogleEarth

• Mapping API’s

• Browsers

What tools will the user be using to consume or produce this information?

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/samiksha/406928440
What does the user
understand?
What terms do they understand?

KML has done very well because people know what “GoogleEarth” is and means. They may
have an “RSS Reader”, but they probably don’t have “ArcGIS Desktop” or QGIS. They almost all
have Excel to read CSV.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/umpqua/191909440
What does the data
Form follows Function
suggest?
The purpose of the data informs how it should be exposed and utilized.
Is it just for an API? Is it for users to subscribe to? Visualize? Analyze?

GeoWeb

Fortunately, there is the Web. It allows for linking together data

Resources

•/places

•/places/89

•/places/89.atom

•/places/89.kml

•/places/89.sqlite

Don’t have to choose a single format - provide many. Appropriate for basic or advanced
users and developers

Web Aligned http://highearthorbit.com/a-proposal-georss-kml

Link to the other formats. Tools are getting better at following these links.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/alfr3do/7436142
What does the user
understand?
What terms do they understand?

KML has done very well because people know what “GoogleEarth” is and means. They may
have an “RSS Reader”, but they probably don’t have “ArcGIS Desktop” or QGIS. They almost all
have Excel to read CSV.

Create
Exif GeoRSS KML GPX Geocoding
GeoStack

Publish
KML GeoRSS Microformats MachineTags

Aggregate
KML GeoRSS GML WFS GeoJSON

Consume

Interchange formats

Finding Data

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/mmmazzoni/110019759

OpenSearch Template

http://geocommons.com/search
?keyword={searchTerms}
&limit={count?}
&page={startPage?}

required
optional?

OpenSearch is essentially a way to template out search parameters from a URL.

OpenSearch - HTML

<html xmlns=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtmlquot; xml:lang=quot;enquot; lang=quot;enquot;>
<head>
<title>Starting a Business in San Francisco map</title>
<link type=quot;application/opensearchdescription+xmlquot; title=quot;Mapufacturequot;
rel=quot;searchquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/search.xmlquot; />
<link type=quot;application/atom+xmlquot;
title=quot;Mapufacture GeoRSS Feed for Starting a Business in San
Franciscoquot;
rel=quot;alternatequot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps/1621.atomquot; />
<link type=quot;application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xmlquot;
title=quot;Mapufacture KML for Starting a Business in San Franciscoquot;
rel=quot;alternatequot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps/1621.kmlquot; />
</head>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

If you provide a link in your HTML page to the OpenSearch - browsers like Firefox, Safari, and
Internet Explorer can embed these into browser search bars.

Even MS Windows 7 can connect OpenSearch providers into your *desktop search* to the
web.

Description Document
<OpenSearchDescription xmlns=quot;http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/quot;
xmlns:geo=quot;http://a9.com/-/opensearch/extensions/geo/1.0/quot;>

<ShortName>GeoCommons</ShortName>
<Description>Search for maps and data in GeoCommons</Description>
<Tags>geo georss location kml aggregation geosearch</Tags>
<Contact>robot@geocommons.com</Contact>
<Image width=quot;16quot; height=quot;16quot; type=quot;image/x-iconquot;>http://geocommons.com/
favicon.ico</Image>

<Url type=quot;text/htmlquot; template=quot;http://maker.geocommons.com/searches?
query={searchTerms}&limit={count?}&page={startPage?}quot;/>

<Url type=quot;application/atom+xmlquot; template=quot;http://maker.geocommons.com/
searches.atom?query={searchTerms?}&limit={count?}&page={startPage?}quot;/>
</OpenSearchDescription>

http://maker.geocommons.com/search.xml
There is a description document that is hosted on your site.

Formats
<OpenSearchDescription xmlns=quot;http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/quot;
xmlns:geo=quot;http://a9.com/-/opensearch/extensions/geo/1.0/quot;>
<ShortName>Mapufacture</ShortName>
<Description>Search for geographic items in Mapufacture</Description>
<Tags>geo georss location kml aggregation geosearch</Tags>
<Contact>robot@geocommons.com</Contact>
<Image width=quot;16quot; height=quot;16quot; type=quot;image/x-iconquot;>http://geocommons.com/favicon.ico</Image>
<Url type=quot;text/htmlquot; template=quot;http://geocommons.com/search?
keyword={searchTerms}&dtstart={time:start?}&dtend={time:stop?}&location={geo:locationString?}&la
t={geo:lat?}&lon={geo:lon?}&distance={geo:radius?}&bbox={geo:box?}&limit={count?}&page={startPag
e?}quot;/>
<Url type=quot;application/atom+xmlquot; template=quot;http://geocommons.com/search.atom?
e?}quot;/>
<Url type=quot;application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xmlquot; template=quot;http://geocommons.com/search.kml?
e?}quot;/>
</OpenSearchDescription>

http://maker.geocommons.com/search.xml

The description document lets you specify multiple return formats.

OpenSearch Response

<feed xmlns:opensearch=quot;http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/quot;
xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/georssquot;
xmlns=quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atomquot;>
<title>Mapufacture Maps</title>
<id>http://geocommons.com/maps</id>
<opensearch:totalResults>96</opensearch:totalResults>
<opensearch:startIndex>21</opensearch:startIndex>
<opensearch:itemsPerPage>20</opensearch:itemsPerPage>
<link type=quot;application/opensearchdescription+xmlquot;
rel=quot;searchquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/geocommonssearch.xmlquot;/>
...
</feed>

Pagination

rel=quot;firstquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps?limit=20&page=2quot;/>

rel=quot;previousquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps?limit=20&page=1quot;/>

rel=quot;nextquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps?limit=20&page=3quot;/>

rel=quot;lastquot; href=quot;http://geocommons.com/maps?limit=20&page=5quot;/>

Extensions

• Referrer

• Relevance

• Suggestions

• Geo

• Time

Multiple extensions - most pertinent here is the Geo extension.

OpenSearch-Geo

http://geocommons.com/search.atom?
keyword={searchTerms}&
location={geo:locationString?}

http://www.opensearch.org/Speciﬁcations/OpenSearch/Extensions/Geo/1.0/Draft_1

OpenSearch-Geo

location={geo:locationString?}

keyword=pizza&
location=Norcross,+Georgia

http://www.opensearch.org/Speciﬁcations/OpenSearch/Extensions/Geo/1.0/Draft_1

OpenSearch-Geo

lat={geo:lat?}&lon={geo:lon?}&distance={geo:radius
?}

OpenSearch-Geo

?}
keyword=pizza&

lat=43.25&lon=-123.45&distance=10000

OpenSearch-Geo

bbox={geo:box?}

OpenSearch-Geo

bbox={geo:box?}
keyword=pizza&

bbox=-111.032,42.943,-119.856,43.039

OpenSearch-Geo

region={geo:polygon?}

OpenSearch-Geo

region={geo:polygon?}

keyword=pizza&polygon=45.256,-110.45,46.46,-109.48,
43.84,-109.86,45.256,-110.45

OpenSearch-Geo

location={geo:locationString?}&
?}&
bbox={geo:box?}

Response

<feed xmlns=quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atomquot;
xmlns:opensearch=quot;http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/quot;
xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/georssquot;>
...
<opensearch:Query role=quot;requestquot; searchTerms=quot;New York
Historyquot; startPage=quot;3quot;
geo:box=quot;-74.0667,40.69418,-73.9116,40.7722quot;/>
<georss:box>40.69418 -74.0667 40.7722 -73.9116</
georss:box>
...
</feed>

unfortunately, query is (longitude, latitude) [WSEN]
response is (latitude, longitude) [SWNE]

Local Governments http://data.octo.dc.gov

GeoNetwork + GeoServer

GeoNetwork + GeoServer is a stack to host yourself.

GeoNames

http://geotree.geonames.org

Storing Data

So where do you go to store all this data?

PostgreSQL + PostGIS

internally? PostGIS - or maybe MySQL if you want to role your own solution

Google MyMaps API

Externally? Google has a beta MyMaps API for pushing markers into Google.

GeoCommons Finder! http://geocommons.com

GeoCommons is a public repository for publishing and searching datasets.

ProgrammableWeb

Look at upcoming API’s for other speciﬁc places to ﬁnd geospatial data, and publish it.

GeoWeb

Thank you @ajturner
@rabble

http://highearthorbit.com/presentations/

Atom
<entry>
<title>Election Precincts</title>
<link type=quot;text/htmlquot; href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/1quot; rel=quot;alternatequot;/>
<link type=quot;application/atom+xmlquot; href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/1.atomquot;
rel=quot;alternatequot;/>
<link type=quot;application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xmlquot; href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/
1.kmlquot; rel=quot;alternatequot;/>
<link type=quot;application/atom+xml;type=entryquot; href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/1.atomquot;
rel=quot;editquot;/>
<id>http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/1</id>local
<updated>2009-05-18T15:35:55Z</updated>
<contributor>
<name>admin</name>
<uri>http://finder.geocommons.com/users/admin</uri>
</contributor>
<category term=quot;democracyquot; scheme=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/tagsquot;/>
<category term=quot;electionquot; scheme=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/tagsquot;/>
<author>
<name>Michele Smith</name>
</author>
<georss:box></georss:box>
<content type=quot;htmlquot;>
</content>
</entry>

Atom Links
<entry>
<link type=quot;text/htmlquot;
href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/index.htmlquot;
href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/index.atomquot;
<link type=quot;application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xmlquot;
<contributor>
<name>admin</name>
href=quot;http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/index.kmlquot;
</contributor>
<author>
</author>
</content>
</entry>


Atom Attribution
<entry>
<contributor>
<name>admin</name>
</contributor>

<author>
<author>
</author>
</author>
</content>
</entry>


Atom Attribution
<entry>
<contributor>
<contributor>
<name>admin</name>
<name>admin</name>
</contributor>
</contributor>
<author>
</author>
</content>
</entry>


Atom Tags
<entry>
<contributor>
<name>admin</name>
</contributor>
<author>
</author>
</content>
</entry>


Conversion and Utilities

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/caravinagre/1364614919

GPSBabel http://gpsbabel.org

your swiss army knife
convert from one to another

GDAL/OGR http://gdal.org

when you need a powersaw instead of a swiss army knife

GDAL translates Raster data (97 formats)
OGR translates Vector data (35 formats)

GeoNames GeoRSS http://www.geonames.org/rss-to-georss-converter.html

Converts RSS to GeoRSS

there are many more.

Mapping Hacks Tutorial 1

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