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A presentation by: AKASH
             SOOD



                               For : MALWA Inst. of Tech. &
                               Mgmt.
Submitted to :
      Mechanical Deptt.
•   Introduction and Defining
•   Types of Cycles
•   Ideal Rankine Cycle
•   Reheat Rankine Cycle
•   Regeneration Rankine Cycle
•   Why we use Rankine Cycle?
•   Conclusion
•   Query




                                 • A presentation by: AKASH
                                            SOOD
• Who is Rankine and What is Rankine
  Cycle?
• A Scottish CIVIL ENGINEER, physicist
  and mathematician. He was a founding
  contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and
  William Thomson, to the science of
  thermodynamics, particularly focusing
  on the first of the three thermodynamic William John Macquorn
  laws.                                   Rankine
• The Rankine cycle is a cycle that
  converts heat into work. The heat is
  supplied externally to a closed
  loop, which usually uses water. This
  cycle generates about 90% of all
  electric power used throughout• thepresentation by: AKASH
                                    A
                                              SOOD
• Ideal Rankine Cycle

• Re-heat Rankine Cycle

• Re-generation Rankine Cycle
                 • A presentation by: AKASH
                            SOOD
Qin

           2                         3
                     Boiler                       Wout


Win   Compressor
      (pump)                        Turbine
                   Heat exchanger

       1                                      4



                    Qout
                              • A presentation by: AKASH
                                         SOOD
• In a real Rankine cycle, the compression by the pump
  and the expansion in the turbine are not ISENTROPIC. In
  other words, these processes are NON-REVERSIBLE
  and entropy is increased during the two processes. This
  somewhat increases the power required by the pump and
  decreases the power generated by the turbine.
• So, the other Engineer’s and Sir Rankine make it modify.




                               • A presentation by: AKASH
                                          SOOD
• Energy analysis: steady flow process, no generation, neglect
  KE and PE changes for all four devices,
• 0 = (net heat transfer in) - (net work out) + (net energy flow in)
• 0 = (qin - qout) - (Wout - Win) + (hin - hout)
• PROCESS:
• 1-2: Pump (q=0)  Wpump = h2 - h1 = v(P2-P1)
• 2-3: Boiler(W=0)  qin = h3 - h2
• 3-4: Turbine(q=0)  Wout = h3 - h4
                                                T
• 4-1: Condenser(W=0)  qout = h4 - h1

• Thermal efficiency = Wnet/qin =
• 1 - qout/qin = 1 - (h4-h1)/(h3-h2)

• Wnet = Wout - Win = (h3-h4) - (h2-h1)
                                                                       s
Real (Non-Ideal
     Rankine Cycle)


            Sir
          Rankine



Re-heat             Re-generation

               • A presentation by: AKASH
                          SOOD
• The optimal way of                       high-P    Low-P
  increasing the                           turbine   turbine
  boiler pressure but
  not increase the        boiler
  moisture content in
  the exiting vapor is
  to reheat the vapor
  after it exits from a
  first-stage turbine
                                         pump
  and redirect this
  reheated vapor into                                 condenser
  a second turbine.
                                   • A presentation by: AKASH
                                              SOOD
high-P    Low-P        T     high-P
          turbine   turbine            turbine
                                                         low-P
boiler                                                   turbine




         pump

                     condenser
                                                              s
                                 • A presentation by: AKASH
                                            SOOD
• Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both
  change
        qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3-h2) + (h5-h4)
        Wout = Wturbine1 + Wturbine2 = (h3-h4) + (h5-h6)
Efficiency :

                     : Work Done/Heat Supplied




                                 • A presentation by: AKASH
                                            SOOD
• Use regenerator to heat up the liquid (feedwater) leaving
  the pump before sending it to the boiler, therefore, increase
  the averaged temperature (efficiency as well) during heat
  addition in the boiler.
 Lower temp                      higher temp
 heat addition                   heat addition           5
                 3
T                            T                               Extract steam from
                                                             turbine to provide
            2’                       4                       heat source in the
                                                         6   regenerator
                                 2
                                         3
    2

                                     1               7
        1            4                                       s
                         s
                                     Use regenerator to heat up the feedwater
Open FWH
                                 T




boiler
              Open
              FWH


         Pump 2

                  Pump 1
                           condenser   s
• Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both
  change
•                Energy analysis:
  qin = h5-h4, qout = (1-y)(h7-h1),
  Wturbine, out = (h5-h6) + (1-y)(h6-h7)
  Wpump, in      = (1-y)Wpump1 + Wpump2
                 = (1-y)(h2-h1) + (h4-h3)

Efficiency :
                    : Work Done/Heat Supplied
In general, the more feedwater heaters, the better the cycle
  efficiency.                   • A presentation by: AKASH
                                            SOOD
Rankine cycle

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Rankine cycle

  • 1. A presentation by: AKASH SOOD For : MALWA Inst. of Tech. & Mgmt. Submitted to : Mechanical Deptt.
  • 2. Introduction and Defining • Types of Cycles • Ideal Rankine Cycle • Reheat Rankine Cycle • Regeneration Rankine Cycle • Why we use Rankine Cycle? • Conclusion • Query • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 3. • Who is Rankine and What is Rankine Cycle? • A Scottish CIVIL ENGINEER, physicist and mathematician. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson, to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on the first of the three thermodynamic William John Macquorn laws. Rankine • The Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work. The heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water. This cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout• thepresentation by: AKASH A SOOD
  • 4. • Ideal Rankine Cycle • Re-heat Rankine Cycle • Re-generation Rankine Cycle • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 5. Qin 2 3 Boiler Wout Win Compressor (pump) Turbine Heat exchanger 1 4 Qout • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 6. • In a real Rankine cycle, the compression by the pump and the expansion in the turbine are not ISENTROPIC. In other words, these processes are NON-REVERSIBLE and entropy is increased during the two processes. This somewhat increases the power required by the pump and decreases the power generated by the turbine. • So, the other Engineer’s and Sir Rankine make it modify. • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 7. • Energy analysis: steady flow process, no generation, neglect KE and PE changes for all four devices, • 0 = (net heat transfer in) - (net work out) + (net energy flow in) • 0 = (qin - qout) - (Wout - Win) + (hin - hout) • PROCESS: • 1-2: Pump (q=0)  Wpump = h2 - h1 = v(P2-P1) • 2-3: Boiler(W=0)  qin = h3 - h2 • 3-4: Turbine(q=0)  Wout = h3 - h4 T • 4-1: Condenser(W=0)  qout = h4 - h1 • Thermal efficiency = Wnet/qin = • 1 - qout/qin = 1 - (h4-h1)/(h3-h2) • Wnet = Wout - Win = (h3-h4) - (h2-h1) s
  • 8. Real (Non-Ideal Rankine Cycle) Sir Rankine Re-heat Re-generation • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 9. • The optimal way of high-P Low-P increasing the turbine turbine boiler pressure but not increase the boiler moisture content in the exiting vapor is to reheat the vapor after it exits from a first-stage turbine pump and redirect this reheated vapor into condenser a second turbine. • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 10. high-P Low-P T high-P turbine turbine turbine low-P boiler turbine pump condenser s • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 11. • Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3-h2) + (h5-h4) Wout = Wturbine1 + Wturbine2 = (h3-h4) + (h5-h6) Efficiency : : Work Done/Heat Supplied • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD
  • 12. • Use regenerator to heat up the liquid (feedwater) leaving the pump before sending it to the boiler, therefore, increase the averaged temperature (efficiency as well) during heat addition in the boiler. Lower temp higher temp heat addition heat addition 5 3 T T Extract steam from turbine to provide 2’ 4 heat source in the 6 regenerator 2 3 2 1 7 1 4 s s Use regenerator to heat up the feedwater
  • 13. Open FWH T boiler Open FWH Pump 2 Pump 1 condenser s
  • 14. • Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change • Energy analysis: qin = h5-h4, qout = (1-y)(h7-h1), Wturbine, out = (h5-h6) + (1-y)(h6-h7) Wpump, in = (1-y)Wpump1 + Wpump2 = (1-y)(h2-h1) + (h4-h3) Efficiency : : Work Done/Heat Supplied In general, the more feedwater heaters, the better the cycle efficiency. • A presentation by: AKASH SOOD