2. Waste- Definition & Classification
Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.
Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste
4. Classification of Wastes
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,
music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg
tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power
plants
5. Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste
• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million
tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
6. Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds
• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown
from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi
7. Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses,
polybags, paper shreds etc
-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)
-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling
• MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management)
vehicle
8. How solid waste affected us in recent years?
• Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage
line due to large no. of plastic bags
• Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused
due to imported scrap from Iran
• Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to
consumption of contaminated foods
• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due
to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the
food movement in their stomach
9. Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialised countries have waste
management problems
• Developed countries have strict
environment regulation norms
• Most attractive option for them- to dump
into developing countries
10. Philadelphia’s Municipal Waste
• 16 years journey for the cargo ship to
eleven countries and four continents
• 25,000 tonnes of flyash came back to
Philadelphia’s garbage dump
• Several government refused cargo ships
• In 2002, Cargo ship returned back to US
11. Major Polluting Industries in India
• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24
million cu m of waste water containing
high level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000
tonnes of hazardous solid waste
• 300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-
litres of spend wash per year containing
several pollutants
• Thermal power plants discharge huge waste
materials
13. Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:
-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
14. Recycling not a solution to all problems!
Recycling is not a solution to managing every
kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are
unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.
15. Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered
waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw
material for others
• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within
• System was not designed to be so
• The system of exchange evolved in 10
years
16. Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste
• Education & voluntary compliance
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions
• Institutions & regulatory framework
• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
• Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute
17. TERI
The Energy and Resources Institute, commonly known as
TERI, established in 1974, is a research institute based in New
Delhi focusing its research activities in the fields of energy,
environment and sustainable development.
20. French aircraft carrier Clemenceau
• December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants
• 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury,
and other toxic chemicals
• Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a
place where environmental regulations are lax and workers'
rights are practically nonexistant
• In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is
absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where
rules exist, they're unlikely to be enforced.
• Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which
prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor
countries
• Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship
in India as well as in France
• French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of
the asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau
21. Waste Management in Delhi
• The city of Delhi is growing and correspondingly does the
waste produced. The Municipal waste, which is not
always properly segregated at source and often ends up as
mixed waste in the already overflowing landfills. The
easiest and most effective way to address this issue is
through composting.
• Composting in very simple words is making use of the
day to day waste that is produced in your household to
create a product called compost. Both composting as a
process and compost as a product are organic in nature.
By composting you are reducing the space needed for
waste disposal and transforming that waste by using it as a
fertilizer at various places including your own garden (or
a roof top kitchen garden to grow your own vegetables)
