basic knowledge about literary world

1. POINT OF VIEW AND
THEME
Prepared by :
Awalia Fitrianingtyas

2. Possible Point of View

3.  First person
The story told from the inside, mean a story
told by one of the participants or characters in
the story.
The narrator talks directly to us and tells us
about his or her own experiences, thoughts
and feelings.

4. The tell tale heart;
It is impossible to say how first the idea
entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted
me day and night. Object there was none. Passion
there was none. I loved the old man. He had never
wronged me. He had never given me insult. For
his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes,
it was this! He had the eye of a vulture - a pale
blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon
me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees - very
gradually - I made up my mind to take the life of
the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.

5.  Third Person
narrators do not take part in the story. The
narrator is outside the story and refers to the
characters either by name or in the third
person.
Third person narration can have four points of
view :
• The omniscient point of view
• The intrusive narrator
• The impersonal narrator
• The limited point of view

6. The omniscient point of view
The omniscient narrator is therefore like God.
This narrator can move from character to
character, selecting which speech and actions
to write about. He or she can tell us about the
thoughts, feelings and reactions of each
character in great detail so that we will
understand all of them.

7.  The advantages of Omniscience
most natural and highly flexible narrative
techniques.
there are virtually no limits to what the
omniscient narrator can tell us.
 The Disanvantages of Omniscience
for in life, there are no omiscient people.

8. The Limited point of view
means that the story is told in the third person
but only from the point of view of a single
character. It is another way of combining third
person narration with first person narration.
The reader sees everything that is going on
but only from the point of view of one
character.

9. goblet of fire, JK.R
“how’s it going?” Harry asked Ron, sitting down
and opening a bottle of Butterbeer.
Ron didn’t answer. He was glaring at Hermione
and Krum, who were dancing nearby. Padma
was sitting with her arms and legs crossed,
one foot jiggling in time to the music. Every
now and then she threw a disgruntled look at
Ron, who was completely ignoring her.

10.  Second person
Second person narration is very seldom used
as it means that the author/performer can only
address one person.
If On A Winter's Night A Traveler by Italo Calvino
You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's
new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler.
Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other
thought. Let the world around you fade. Best to
close the door; the TV is always on in the next
room. Tell the others right away, "No, I don't
want to watch TV!" Raise your voice - they
won't hear you otherwise

11. Theme

12. Meaning ?
What theme is and what theme is not ?
Theme is the meaning of the story.
Not the moral of the story
A moral is one of the simpler kinds of theme,
while not all themes are morals.
The theme of a story is not identical with the
subject of the story.

13. Discovering theme
We can not for instance ask the writer what his
theme is. If the theme could be so easily
expressed, he wouldn’t have had to write the
story.
We can discover the theme of a story only by a
thorough and responsive reading of the story.

14. Theme and characters
 Character is obviously of major importance for
theme.
 One matter to be kept in mind in reading is the
kind of characters the story deals with.

15. Plot and theme
Plot is waht the characters do and what happens
to them.
Is the characters do things, or whether things
happen to them?
Prepared for a highly complex mixture of these
two possibilities.