A Review on Mix MSW Treatment Options and Mechanical – Biological Treatment Technologies (Slide presentation in English). A. Brazas, November 2010.

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ForBelarus,Ukraine,Russia,
KazakhstanandotherCIScountries
2010
Presentationof
theSelectedTechnologies
forMixMSWTreatment
There it is Presented the Three Selected
Technologies for Mix Municipal Solid Waste
Treatment at Mechanical – Biological or
Biological – Mechanical Treatment Plants
EcoForce Baltic Ltd
P.Lukšio g. 7
LT- 08221 Vilnius, Lithuania
Tel./fax. +370 5 21 02 178
Mobil. tel. +370 687 76633
El. paštas ecoforce@zebra.lt

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EcoForce Baltic Ltd Atlieku
tvarkymo
konsultantai, UAB Biastra plius, UAB
©Copyright, Alfonsas Brazas, 2010

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Composition of Municipal Wastes in West Europe

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Forecasted Composition of Municipal Wastes in Belarus
Forecasted Composition of Solid Municipal Wastes Generated in
Belarus:
• Organic wastes - food/kitchen wastes (~40 %) + green wastes (~4%) - total ~ 44%
• Paper/cardboard wastes ~ 15%
• Plastics wastes ~ 10%
• Glass wastes~ 7%
• Metal wastes (Fe and Non-Fe)~ 4%
• Other combustible wastes (wood, textiles, rubble and etc.) ~ 5%
• Other non-combustible (inert wastes –sand, gravel, stones, ceramics and etc.) ~15%

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Municipal Solid Waste Processing Options

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Composting of Individual Houses Biowastes
Composting Bins

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Separate collection
• Separate collection is a key element of modern waste management
• Separately should be collected (as much as possible):
– Dry recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass, metals)
– Biowastes - green wastes and kitchen/food wastes
– Hazardous household wastes
– EEEW – electric and electronic equipment wastes
– Bulky wastes (including used tyres)
– Construction and demolition wastes
• Separately collected wastes usually are finally sorted at Materials
Recovery Facility (MRF).
MRF have installed manual or mechanical sorting lines.
• Separatelly collected putrescibles (organic biowastes) usually are
anaerobicaly digested producing biogas and composting
digestate or only composted - finally producing high quality
compost.

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Remaining (after separate collection) mix MSW treatment
• Experience show that it is possible and economically feasible to
collect separately up to 40% of generated amount of municipal
wastes.
• Remaining mix MSW > 60% and more (usually ~70%) – should
be incinerated (after mechanical pre-treatment or without it)
or treated mechanically – biologically (separating inert
materials, recyclables, dry calorific fraction (further producing
RDF – refuse delivered fuel) and organic fraction (further bio-
drying or composting or anaerobically digesting it).

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Composition of remaining (after separate collection of recyclables) mix MSW
• The average percentage of recyclables (paper/cardboard, plastics, glass,
metals) in mix MSW is about 35 %
• Implementing intensive separate collection schemes usually there are
collected about ½ (a half) of recyclables generated
• Forecasted composition of mix MSW after implementing of intensive
separate collection schemes for recyclables:
– Organic wastes - food/kitchen wastes (~45 %) + green wastes (~5%) - total ~ 50%
– Paper/cardboard wastes <10%
– Plastics wastes <6%
– Glass wastes <4%
– Metal wastes (Fe and Non-Fe) <3%
– Other combustible wastes (wood, textiles, rubble and etc.) ~ 9%
– Other non-combustible (inert wastes –sand, gravel, stones, ceramics and etc.) ~18%

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Mechanical – Biological Treatment Options

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BMT- Biological Mechanical Treatment or
MBT –Mechanical Biological Treatment

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35% - Separate Collection and Treatment
65% - Biological (Bio-drying) – Mechanical Treatment (BMT)

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BMT- Biological Mechanical Treatment

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1st Selected Technology – BMT (Biological – Mechanical Treatment)
Bio-drying + Manual/Mechanical/Automatic Sorting

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1st Selected Technology - BMT
Bio-drying + Manual/Mechanical/Automatic Sorting
• Companies – technology suppliers:
– Lehmann Machinenbau GmbH
– Wright Tech Systems Inc.
– Ecodeco S.r.l.
– Kelog Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co KG
– Herhof GmbH
– Masias Recycling SL
– EuRec Technology GmbH
– Other?

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1st Selected Technology
LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plantLEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant for 65 000 tones/year

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plant for 65 000 tones/year

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LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants
This is the cheapest mix municipal solid waste treatment option.
For example, BMT plant capable to treat ~ 65 000 tones of MSW per year,
with manual sorting line will cost < 4 million Euro.
BMT with mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable
to treat 100÷130 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost < 10 million
Euro.
“Gate fee” would be about 30÷40 Euro/tone, to be subject to market
prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables.
Remark:
RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel
SRF – Solid Recovered Fuel
LEHMANN Maschinenbau GmbH BMT plants variations

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1st Selected Technology – Option MBT
(Mechanical - Biological Treatment)
Mechanical separation/sorting + Bio-drying +

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Mechanical – Biological (Bio-drying) – Mechanical Treatment

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35% - Separate Collection and Treatment
65% - Mechanical - Biological Treatment (MBT)

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT
Mechanical + Biological (Dry Anaerobic Digestion) Treatment

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting
• Companies – technology lines/equipment suppliers:
– Eggersman Anlagenbau GmbH
– MF Emmen B.V.
– HORSTMANN budowa Urzadzen i Technika Ekologiczna Sp. zo.o.
– SUTCO (Sutco – Polska Sp. Zo.o, company of Ludden & Mennekes group)
– Vecoplan Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG
– AMB Anlagen Maschinen Bau GmbH
– Bollegraaf Recycling Machinery B.V.
– MASIAS recycling SL
– Komptech GmbH
– Promeco S.r.l.
– EuRec Technology GmbH
– Lindner- Recyclingtech GmbH
– And a number of others

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting
• Companies – shredders suppliers:
– M&J Industries A/S (company of Metso Group)
– UNTHA – Anton Unterwurzacher Maschinenbau GmbH
– Vecoplan Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG
– Lindner- Recyclingtech GmbH
– Komptech GmbH
– A number of others

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting
• Companies – balistic separators suppliers:
– KOMPTECH GmbH
– LINDNER – Recyclingtech GmbH
– MASIAS recycling SL
– IFE Aufbereiungstechnik GmbH
– Hartner Maschinenbau GmbH
• Companies – wind shifters suppliers:
– NIHOT Recycling Technology B.V.
– Komptech GmbH
– SUTKO- Polska Sp.zo.o

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Mechanical separation + manual/mechanical/automatic sorting
• Companies Fe-metals Magnets and Non-Fe-metals Edy
Currents Suppliers:
– STEINERT Elektromagnetbau GmbH
– IFE Aufbereiungstechnik GmbH
– A number of others
• Companies Optical (sensor based) Sorting and Separation
Systems Suppliers:
– RTT Systemtechnik GmbH
– TiTech AS
– S+S Separating and Sorting Technology GmbH
– Exsor EMCAM Sorting Technologies
– Steinert Elektromagnetbau GmbH

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT
Biological Treatment - Dry Anaerobic Digestion
• The Key Technology in MBT scheme is Dry
Anaerobic Digestion Technology.
• There are listed the companies – Dry AD technology
suppliers:
– KOMPOFerm (Eggersmann Anlagenbau GmbH)
– AIKAN (Solum Group)
– BEKON Holding AG
– BIOFerm GmbH (Viessman Group)
– LOOCK Biogassysteme GmbH
– BAL Biogasanlagenbau Langenau GmbH

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Shredding + Mechanical Separation +
Mechanical/Automatic Sorting of Dry Fraction
• Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction
• Bio-drying of Digestate

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
Selected companies
• Mechanical separation/sorting:
– Eggersman Anlagenbau GmbH
– MF Emmen B.V.
– HORSTMANN budowa Urzadzen i Technika Ekologiczna Sp. zo.o.
– SUTCO (Sutco – Polska Sp. Zo.o, company of Ludden & Mennekes group)
• Dry anaerobic digestion:
– KOMPOFerm (Eggersmann Anlagenbau GmbH)
– AIKAN (Solum Group)
– BIOFerm GmbH (Viessman Group)
– BEKON Holding AG
• Bio-drying:
– Lehmann Machinenbau GmbH
– Wright Tech Systems Inc.
– Ecodeco S.r.l.

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2nd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Dry Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
This is quit cheap and most perspective mix municipal solid waste
treatment option.
Mechanical-automatic sorting line, working in 2 shifts and capable
to treat 100÷150 thousand tones of MSW per year will cost ~ 5÷7 million
Euro.
Dry anaerobic digestion plant capable to treat 50÷60 thousand tones of
organic waste will cost ~ 6÷8 million Euro.
Bio-drying plant capable to treat 45÷60 thousand tones of digestate will cost ~ 3
million Euro.
Fully completed MBT plant capable to treat ~125 thousand tones of mix MSW per
year will cost 12÷15 million Euro.
“Gate fee” would be about 40÷50 Euro/tone, to be subject to market
prices fluctuations for RDF/SRF and recyclables.

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment)
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Mechanical separation and sorting technologies/equipment
suppliers – the same as for previous technology
• Wet anaerobical digestion technologies and equipment
suppliers:
– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH
– Global Renewables UK Ltd
– BTA International GmbH
– Promeco S.r.l.
– Strabag SE
– Ros Roca International SL
– Haase Energietechnik AG
– Valorga International S.A.S.
– Purac (Lackeby Water Group)
– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd
– SchuBio AG

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• There are only 2 companies supplying MBT
technology with Biopercolation process and wet
anaerobical digestion of slurry produced during
biopercolation process:
– Wehrle Umwelt GmbH
– Global Renewables UK Ltd
We recommend Wehrle Umwelt GmbH which is better
known for us.

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Biopercolators Inside and Outside

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Biopercolator
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Unfortunately the investment either
operational/maintenance cost are too high:
– Investment cost for fully completed mechanical – biological
treatment plant capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of
mix MSW per year are 30÷40 million Euro
For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic
digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.
– Operational cost are > 50 Euro/tone

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• There are a number of companies supplying MBT technology
with Hydropulping process and wet anaerobical digestion of
slurry produced during hydropulping process:
– BTA International GmbH
– Promeco S.r.l.
– Strabag SE
– Ros Roca International SL
– Haase Energietechnik AG
– Valorga International S.A.S.
– Arrow Ecology and Engineering Overseas Ltd
– SchuBio AG
We recommend BTA International GmbH which is the best known wet
anaerobical digestion technology supplier in the world.

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BTA Hydro-pulper and grit removal

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3rd Selected Technology – MBT Option with Hydro-pulper
Biological Treatment = Wet Anaerobic Digestion + Bio-drying
• Unfortunately the investment either
operational/maintenance cost are too high:
– Investment cost only for wet anaerobic digestion plant
capable to treat 40÷50 thousand tones of organic waste per
year is 15÷20 million Euro.
– Fully completed mechanical – biological treatment plant
capabile to treat > 100 thousand tones of mix MSW per
year cost 25÷30 million Euro
For comparision, similar MBT plant with dry anaerobic
digestion will cost only 12÷15 million Euro.
– Operational cost are > 50÷75 Euro/tone

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SUMMARY
• The BMT (biological – mechanical treatment) or MBT
(mechanical – biological treatment) technology with bio-
drying process targeted to produce fuel (SRF/RDF) is the
cheapest one (both investment and operational).
The bio-drying process can be replaced by composting
process only in the case if organic fraction isn’t very poluted
by heavy metals (if the potential quality of compost is
satisfactory)
• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology
with dry AD and digestate bio-drying is the most optimal and
perspective (higher energy cost – lower gate fee)
• The MBT (mechanical – biological treatment) technology
both with bio-percolation process or hydro-pulping process
is too expensive (it can be used only if energy prices are very
high)

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MeWa Recycling Anlagen GmbH
Bio-QZ equipment increasing biogas yield

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MeWa Recycling Anlagen GmbH
Bio-QZ equipment increasing biogas yield

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Composting of Biowastes
Composting Technologies:
– Composting Bins (for Individual Houses)
– Open Windrows
– Aerated Windrows with Gore Membrane
– LDPE AG-Bag Eco-PAD
– Composting Containers (EnviCont, SV Composter, Kneer-
Horstmann, Clarocompost, Hot Rot, Rocket, BioCoTech,
Biosal and others)
– Vertical In-vessel Composting Units
– Light Constructions Composting Tunnels (Biodegma type)
– Composting Tunnels
– Composting channels and baths (basins)

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Open Windrows, Aerated Windrows covered by Gore Membrane
and LDPE AG-Bag Eco-PAD

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Composting Containers

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Vertical In-vessel Units

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Composting Tunnels
Germs
Spores
Aerationpipes
with ventilation
Odours
Water
vapour
Semi-permeable
laminate
Organic
material

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Composting basins (baths)