Halal Research Council is an organization working globally on Halal certifications in order to cater the needs of food and nutrition agencies and side by side non-food agencies especially in the FMCG sectors. Halal Research has organized “One Day Specialized International Workshop on Halal Meat” on 8th October, 2013 at Dubai. The key goal of the International Workshop was to highlight the importance of consuming Halal Meat, Halal Meat export, Halal International Meat Market Potential and development of Halal Meat Concept among the masses.

1. October 23, 2013
1

2. October 23, 2013
ANIMAL WELFARE AND
STUNNING
Prof. Dr. Javaid Aziz Awan
Hala Research Council
www.halalrc.org
2

3. October 23, 2013
SOURCES
OF KNOWLEDGE
FOR MUSLIMS
3

4. THE HOLY QUR’AN
October 23, 2013
 The
Holy Book of Muslims
 Six suras (chapters) named after the animals
 Over two hundred verses in the Holy Qur'an
deal with animals
 In Islam animals and all the creations
believed to praise the Almighty Allah
4

5. SUNNAH AND AHADITH
October 23, 2013
 Sunnah
– Refers to the actions and practices
of the Holy Prophet (pbuh)
 Ahadith - Collection of accounts of suhaba
karam on the sayings, practices and
approvals of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and
passed on to their followers
 Muslims seek guidance and inspiration from
the Holy Qur’an, Sunnah and Ahadith
5

6. REGULATIONS ON FOOD IN ISLAM
October 23, 2013
 Holy
Qura’n permits consumption of good
and safe food (halal and tayyab)
 Foods and drinks injurious to health
prohibited in Islam
 Major emphasis on prohibition, apart from
other foods and drinks, is meat
 Islam provides specific guidelines on
consumption of meat
6

7. October 23, 2013
SLAUGHTERING
7

8. ‫3102 ,32 ‪October‬‬
‫4: ‪HOLY QURAN - AL-MAIDAH‬‬
‫حرمتو عليكمو الميتةو والدمو ولحمو الخزنزريرو وم او أهلو لغيرو ا َّ‪‬‬
‫ا ُ مِّ ْحَ خْ ْحَْحَ خْ ا ُ خْ خْ ْحَ خْ ْحَ ا ُ ْحَ َّ ا ُ ْحَ ْحَ خْ ا ُ خْ ِ ِ ِ ْحَ ْحَ ا ُ ِ َّ ِ ْحَ خْ ِ للو ‬
‫ ِ‬
‫بهمو والمزن ْحَزنقةمو والمذوقذوذةمو والمتر مِّريةمو ْحَ زنطيحةمو ومم او أكلو ‬
‫ ِ ِ ْحَ خْ ا ُ خْخ ِ ْحَ ا ُ ْحَ خْ ْحَ خْ ا ُ ْحَ ا ُ ْحَ خْ ا ُ ْحَ ْحَدْحَ ا ُ والَّ ِ ْحَ ا ُ ْحَ ْحَ ْحَ ْحَ ْحَ‬
‫الس بعو إلو م او ذكيتمو وم او ذبحو ع ْحَ زنص بو وأنو تسخْتقسمذواو ‬
‫َّ ا ُ ا ُ ِ َّ ْحَ ْحَ َّ خْ ا ُ خْ ْحَ ْحَ ا ُ ِ ْحَ ْحَل ىو الُّ ا ُ ِ ْحَْحَ خْ ْحَ ْحَ خْ ِ ا ُ‬
‫ب الزلمو ذلكمو فس قو اليذومو ريئسو الذرينو كفرواو منو ِ زنكمو فلو ‬
‫ ِ ْحَخْ خْ ْحَ ِ ْحَ ِ ا ُ خْ ِ خْ ا ٌ خْ ْحَ خْ ْحَ ْحَ ِ ْحَ َّ ِ ْحَ ْحَ ْحَ ا ُ ِ خْ دري ِ ا ُ خْ ْحَ ْحَ‬
‫تخشذوهمو واخشذون يو اليذومو أكملتو لكمو ِ زنكمو وأتممتو عليكمو ‬
‫ْحَ خْ ْحَ خْ ا ُ خْ ْحَ خْ ْحَ خْ ِ خْ ْحَ خْ ْحَ ْحَ خْ ْحَ خْ ا ُ ْحَ ا ُ خْ دريْحَ ا ُ خْ ْحَْحَ خْ ْحَ خْ ا ُ ْحَْحَ خْ ا ُ خْ‬
‫نعمت يو ورضيتو لكمو الس لمو ِ زن او فمنو اضطرو ف يو مخم ْحَةو ‬
‫ ِ خْ ْحَ ِ ْحَ ْحَ ِ ا ُ ْحَ ا ُ خْ ِخْ خْ ْحَ ْحَ درياً ْحَ ْحَ خْ خْ ا ُ َّ ِ ْحَ خْ ْحَص غ ٍ‬
‫غيرو متج انفو لثمو فإنو اللو غفذورو رحي ا ٌ‬
‫ْحَ خْ ْحَ ا ُ ْحَ ْحَ ِ غ ٍ ِ خْ غ ٍ ْحَ ِ َّ َّ ْحَ ا ُ ا ٌ ْحَ ِ م‬
‫ْحَ‬
‫8‬

9. REQUIREMENTS FOR MEAT - HOLY QURAN
October 23, 2013
 “Forbidden
to you (for food) are: dead meat,
blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which
hath been invoked the name of other than
God; that which hath been killed by
strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a head
long fall, or by being gored to death; that
which hath been partly eaten by a wild
animal, unless ye are able to slaughter it
(Al Maida - V:4)
9

10. October 23, 2013
HADITH ON SLAUGHTERING
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:
 “Verily Allah has prescribed proficiency in
all things. Thus, if you kill (an animal),
kill well; and if you slaughter, slaughter
well. Let each one of you sharpen his
blade and let him spare suffering to the
animal he slaughters” (Sahih Muslim)
10

11. STEPS IN ISLMIC SLAUGHTERING
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lay animal preferably on left flank
Using very sharp knife give a cut on the
neck
This should sever oesophagus, windpipe,
carotid arteries and veins
Allow the animal to die
Do not cut any part while it is still alive
October 23, 2013
1.
11

12. ISLAMIC METHOD - ADVANTAGES
clean and large cut made properly
with sharp knife, in one go, major blood
vessels are cut
 Application of sharp knife in dhabh ensures
that no pain is felt
 Wound inflicted is clean
 This sudden and quick haemorrhage
October 23, 2013
 When
12

13. ISLAMIC METHOD - ADVANTAGES
lose between 40 and 60% of their
total blood volume
 A quick loss of blood pressure results in
rapid loss of blood supply to brain, causing
severe hemorrhage
 Brain instantaneously starved of blood and
no time to start feeling any pain
 Causes immediate anaesthetization
October 23, 2013
 Animals
13

14. ISLAMIC METHOD - ADVANTAGES
October 23, 2013
 When
brain deprived of blood, whole body
goes into contraction and convulsion to
squeeze blood up to the brain
 Blood comes out from the cut before
reaching the brain
 This contraction and convulsion normal
physiological reactions and cause no pain to
animal
 Islamic slaughtering perfect, most humane
14
and merciful to animal

15. ISLAMIC METHOD - ADVANTAGES
October 23, 2013
 Produces
good quality meat without any
health hazards
 Muslims believe that this method
prescribed for Prophets Abraham, Moses,
and Jesus - Hence no cruelty to animals
 Allah is Rahman Rahim (Most
Compassionate, Most Merciful)
 The last Prophet, Muhammad (pbuh), is
Rahmatul-Alamin (the mercy to all worlds,
15
men, animals, etc)

16. October 23, 2013
PAIN DURING ISLAMIC
SLAUGHTERING
Study by Prof Wilhelm Schulze and his
coworkers in Germany in 1978 concluded:
 “The slaughter in the form of ritual cut is, if
carried out properly, painless in sheep and
calves according to the EEG recordings and
the missing defensive actions”
 This study cited by German Constitutional
Court in its permitting of dhabiha and
kosher slaughtering
16

17. WESTERN VIEW
cut while animal still conscious
 Animals die from excessive blood loss after
minutes of struggling
 Causes immense animal suffering
 Considered unnecessarily very painful and
cruel to animals being slaughtered
consciously
 Regarded as brutal and barbaric method
October 23, 2013
 Throat
17

18. WESTERN VIEW
claim significant economic loss:
bruising of meat - renders it unfit for
human consumption
damage to hides causes loss of product
worker injuries result in decreased
productivity
October 23, 2013
 Also
18

19. WESTERNER’S RECOMMEND
humane transport, handling, and
slaughter practices
 Introduction of modern systems and
equipment in slaughter process
Will help to decrease animal suffering
Also provide economic benefits as
amount of meat and hide wasted
reduced
Worker and meat safety greatly
increased
October 23, 2013
 More
19

20. October 23, 2013
HUMANE SLAUGHTER
MODERN METHODS FOR
“PREVENTION OR REDUCTION OF
PAIN”
DURING SLAUGHRERING
(STUNNING)
20

21. October 23, 2013
A standard method of stunning animals for slaughter at
the dawn of the 20th century as illustrated in Oscar
Black,''Construction, Installation and Operation of
21
Public Slaughterhouses and Stockyards. A Manual for
Medical and Administrative Officer'', Berlin, 1903.

22. STUNNING METHODS
methods used in technologically
advanced countries:
1. The Captive Bolt Pistol
2. Pithing
3. Electrical Stunning
4. Water Bath Stunning
5. CO2 Gas Stunning
6.
October 23, 2013
 Some
Cardiac Arrest Stunning
22

23. CAPITIVE BOLT STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 “Captive
bolt pistol,” penetrative and nonpenetrative
 Hit on the head of animal
 Penetrative stunners drive bolt into the
skull
 Causes unconsciousness
both through physical
brain damage and
concussive blow to skull
23

24. POSITION OF THE BOLT
October 23, 2013
24

25. CAPTIVE BOLT STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 Bolt
on non-penetrative stunner 'mushroomheaded' and impacts on brain without
entering the skull
 Process induces immediate unconsciousness
caused by concussive blow through brain
trauma
 Captive bolt considered a humane stunner
and stunning
 Method widely used for farmed animals
25

26. CAPITIVE BOLT STUNNING
 Penetrating
stunners preferred - induce
unconsciousness immediately in the animal
 Maximum effect obtained when muzzle of
stunner firmly held against head of the
animal
 Pistol placed on the centre of animal's
forehead and either trigger-fired or fires
automatically on contact with animal's head
 Bolt flies out of barrel but remains attached
to the pistol
26

27. CAPITIVE BOLT STUNNING
October 23, 2013
Advantages claimed
 Easy and simple technique as far as it’s
working is concerned
 Induces unconsciousness immediately
27

28. PITHING
 Involves
inserting a wire or rod through a
hole in the head made by captive bolt
 Rod slid up and down to destroy lower part of
brain and spinal cord
 The Farm Animal Welfare Council say:
From purely hygiene considerations,
practice not favoured
 On animal welfare grounds, provided animal
has been effectively stunned, no evidence that
the practice increases suffering by hastening
28
brain death

29. PITHING
pithing destroys spinal cord
 Kills the animal, and also may reduce
reflex kicking which occurs at stunning
 Contributes to safety of slaughterman
 Currently, pithing not practiced because it
may lead to spread of fragments of neural
matter through the carcass
October 23, 2013
 Double
29

30.  USA
regulations disallow importation
of beef from cows killed by pithing, due
to risk of
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE, or "mad cow") disease
 European Union also banned practice
on animals intended for human
consumption.
October 23, 2013
PITHING
30

31. ELECTRICAL STUNNING
head-only stunning used to stun cattle,
calves, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and ostriches
 A pair of electric tongs placed on either side of
animal's head to ensure good electrical contact
 An electric current passed through the brain supposedly causing a temporary loss of
consciousness
 Animal remains un-conscious while throat is cut
and dies from loss of blood
 Animal may recover from a stun if throat not cut
quickly
October 23, 2013
 Electric
31

32. ELECTRICAL STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 Amount
of voltage varies according to:
type of animal
techniques used and
individual creature’s size and behavior
 Animals to slaughter can regain
consciousness and then face the knife that
will kill them
 Cattle normally stunned electrically by three
sequential cycles
32

33. October 23, 2013
ELECTRICAL STUNNING
The RSPCA say:
 'There is increasing scientific evidence that
some animals stunned electrically using
tongs regain consciousness before they die
from loss of blood’
 Two reasons for this:
either insufficient electrical current passes
through brain to stun animal, or
time interval between stunning and
sticking exceeds 20 seconds and animal 33
starts to regain consciousness

34. ELECTRICAL STUNNING
October 23, 2013
The Scientific Veterinary Committee of EU
says:
 Under commercial conditions, a considerable
proportion of animals are:
either inadequately stunned or
require a second stun
 mainly because of:
poor electrode placements,
bad electrical contacts and
34
long stun-to-stick intervals

35.  The
Committee also expresses concern:
'The strength of electric current used
should be high enough for the species to
induce a stun within one second of
application
 Otherwise, animals could suffer a
potentially painful electric shock before
being stunned
October 23, 2013
ELECTRICAL STUNNING
35

36.  Meat
Science
 Volume 90 (4):956–961; 2012,
 A perspective on the electrical
stunning of animals: Are there lessons
to be learned from human electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
October 23, 2013
RESULTS OF A STUDY
36

37. October 23, 2013
HIGHLIGHTS OF RESEARCH
 ► Electrical stunning widespread method
of commercial pre-slaughter stunning
 ► Effective electrical stunning may be
difficult to achieve in practical conditions
 ► Effective stunning is particularly
difficult to achieve with poultry
 ► Electrical stunning parallels unmodified
human electro-convulsive therapy (ECT)
 ► Unmodified ECT is considered cruel in
humans and is thus prohibited.
37

38. WATER BATH STUNNING
waterbath widely used to stun
chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese
 Birds shackled upside down on a moving
conveyor
 Carried to an electrified
waterbath
 Heads immersed
October 23, 2013
 Electric
38

39. WATER BATH STUNNING
of electrical current to ensure
birds suffer a cardiac arrest and die when
they enter waterbath
 Not all birds will suffer a cardiac arrest
 Scientific data show serious flaws with
waterbath system
 Consumer eats dead birds
October 23, 2013
 Strength
39

40. GAS STUNNING
stunning being promoted because it
results in less blood spots in meat and fewer
hemorrhages on surface of carcass
 Five gas stunning methods used - differ in
gas composition and concentration
 Use CO , Argon and Nitrogen
2
 Debate
October 23, 2013
 Gas
as to which gas mixtures most
humane
 Further work needed using larger numbers
of birds, before concluding which method 40
more humane

41. GAS STUNNING
CLAIMED
 Efficient method for poultry birds
 Different gas combinations can be used
 Less blood spots on meat
 Fewer hemorrhages produced on carcass
October 23, 2013
 ADVANTAGES
41

42. October 23, 2013
CARDIAC ARREST STUNNING
 Cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits and goats
stunned and simultaneously given a cardiac
arrest
 Few abattoirs actually use these methods:
 1. Electric current sent through head and
body at the same time to span the brain and
heart or
 2. Electric current sent though head first to
cause unconsciousness and then across chest
42
to cause cardiac arrest

43. CARDIAC ARREST STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 If
administered correctly, these methods
remove risk of animals regaining
consciousness while bleeding to death as the
heart attack should kill the animal outright
 Scientific Veterinary Committee of EU say
that when second method used, 'a
considerable proportion of animals are either
inadequately stunned or require a second
stun’
 By using method 2, animals could suffer 43
potentially painful cardiac arrest

44. METHODS GENERALLY AVOIDED
October 23, 2013
 All
stunning methods supposed to impact some
kind of negative influence
 Some methods, like pithing, specially avoided
 After confirmation of first U.S. BSE case, FSIS
issued regulations (January 12, 2004) prohibiting
use of air-injection captive bolt stun gun
 Compressed air forces pieces of brain and other
central nervous system (CNS) tissue into
bloodstream
 Cattle blood could potentially transmit BSE if it
contained
44

45. October 23, 2013
STUNNING - HISTORY
 Stunning - process in which animals
rendered immobile or unconscious before
slaughtering for food
 Pre-slaughter stunning originally
introduced to protect personnel deputed to
kill the animal
 Idea - immobilize and keep animal
motionless to facilitate killing procedures
 Now stunning done to apparently
prevent / reduce pain – hence compulsory
45
in many countries

46. STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 Prior
to “humane slaughter” animals simply
struck with a hammer (poleax) while fully
conscious
 The Humane Slaughter Act of 1933 in Britain
conceived to make:
stunning compulsory
such methods as captive bolt pistol and
electric tongs, means by which to achieve
 The 1933 Act specifically outlaws the poleax
46

47. STUNNING
October 23, 2013
 Period
marked by development of
innovations in slaughterhouse technologies
 Not all of them particularly long-lasting
 Stunning not supposed to actually kill
animal
heart needs to continue functioning to
pump maximum blood out of animal
 Animals die from loss of blood after their
throats are cut
47

48. October 23, 2013
TREATMENT
OF
ANIMALS IN ISLAM
(ANIMAL RIGHTS)
48

49. ISLAM - MERCY FOR ALL CREATURES
October 23, 2013
 Islam
has laid down rights for humans regardless
of race, colour, language and riches
 Islam also laid down rights for animals
 Muslims must treat animals with compassion and
not to abuse them
 Animals, like humans, creations of Allah (swt)
 Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was sent as a mercy to
mankind and a blessing to all creatures:
 We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all
49
creatures (21:107) ‫وملال أرسلنلاكل إلل رحمةل للعلالمنين‬
َ ِ‫ َ َ َ َعْ َ َعْ َ َ نيِ اَّ َ َعْ َ ل ً نيِ َعْ َ َ ني‬
49

50. ANIMAL RIGHTS/WELFARE
October 23, 2013
 Islam
recognized animal rights long before
human rights recognized in Western World
 Muslims have extensive rules relating to
animal welfare and proper slaughter
 These rules designed to respect and protect
animals
 Muhammad (pbuh) reported to have said:
"For charity shown to each creature
which has a wet heart (i.e. is alive),
there is a reward”
50

51. TREATMENT OF ANIMALS
ahadith on treatment of
animals. The Holy Prophet (pbuh)
prohibited to:
cage animals
beat animals unnecessarily
allow animals to fight each other for
sports or recreation for human
entertainment
shoot arrows at cattle or bird tied or
held up saying "whoever shoots at a 51
living creature for sport is cursed”
October 23, 2013
 Numerous

52. FEEDING THE ANIMALS
TO
Holy Prophet (pbuh) advised his followers to:
 show kindness to animals
nourish animals well
save animals from hunger and thirst
 Numerous Ahadith in this respect:
1. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) passed near a
camel whose back was shrunk to belly. The
Holy Prophet (pbuh) said: Be fearful
regarding these animals; “ride them well
and feed them well”
52

53. FEEDING THE ANIMALS
October 23, 2013
2. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) saw a camel that
had tears in his eyes
 The Prophet (pbuh) went to the camel, and
pampered him at his back
 He became pacified
 The Prophet (pbuh) told his owner, a young
Ansari, to be fearful regarding the camel
who was being kept hungry
53

54.  The
October 23, 2013
KINDNESS TO BIRDS
Holy Prophet (pbuh) in a journey was
somewhat behind his companions
 The companions saw a dove with its two
chicks
 They caught her chicks
 When the Prophet (pbuh) came nearer
them he said: who teased the dove
regarding her chicks; give them back
to her.
54

55. BRANDING ANIMALS
Holy Prophet (pbuh) forbade to:
 hit or mark animal on its face
brand and mutilate live animals
 A donkey whose face was spotted out of
heated rod passed near the Holy Prophet
(pbuh). The Prophet (pbuh) said:
Don’t you know I curse the person
who spots or beats an animal on the
face?
October 23, 2013
 The
55

56.  Muhammad
(pbuh) reported to have said:
 “There is no man who kills [even] a
sparrow or anything smaller, without its
deserving it, but Allah will question him
about it [on the judgment day],"
Whoever is kind to the creatures of
God, the Almighty is kind to him
October 23, 2013
TREATMENT OF ANIMALS
56

57.  Muhammad
(pbuh) is said to have loved
his cat Muezaza so much that "he would
do without his cloak rather than disturb
one that was sleeping on it”
October 23, 2013
DISTURBING THE ANIMALS
57

58. MERCY ON ANIMALS
(pbuh) reported as having
reprimanded some men who were sitting
idly on their camels in a marketplace,
saying "either ride them or leave them
alone”
October 23, 2013
 Muhammad
58

59. MERCY ON DOG – AN UNCLEAN ANIMAL
October 23, 2013
 Majority
of Muslim jurists consider dogs to
be ritually unclean
 Outside their ritual uncleanness, Islamic
fatawa, or rulings, enjoin that dogs be
treated kindly or else be freed
 According to one story, Muhammad (pbuh)
is said to have informed a prostitute who
had seen a thirsty dog hanging about a well
and given it water to drink, that Allah
forgave her because of that good deed59

60. MERCY ON DOG – AN UNCLEAN ANIMAL
October 23, 2013
 In
a similar Hadith the Holy Prophet
(pbuh) said that a person was forgiven for
his sins just because he gave water to a
thirsty dog
 In response to the questions from his
followers, the Holy Prophet said that
everyone will be rewarded who shows
mercy towards animals.
60

61.  The
October 23, 2013
MERCY ON DOG – AN UNCLEAN
ANIMAL
historian William Montgomery Watt
states that Muhammad's (pbuh) kindness
to animals was remarkable
 He cites an instance of Muhammed (pbuh)
posting sentries to ensure that a female dog
with newborn puppies was not disturbed by
his army traveling to Mecca in the year 630
61

62. October 2013
October 23,23, 2013
62
62

63. COMMON
“PAINLESS TECHNIQUES”
USED WITH ANIMALS
October 23, 2013
SOME
63

64. BRANDING
done for identification of animals
 Two methods used:
hot iron branding and
freeze branding
 Hot iron branding, though out of practice
now due to animal welfare issue, but still
used
 Freeze branding - thigh region of animal
shaved
64
 Animal properly restrained
October 23, 2013
 Branding

65.  Steel
October 23, 2013
BRANDING
templates of number or alphabet then
put in liquid nitrogen (-196 C) and
immediately pressed against shaved area on
thigh for few seconds
 Due to freezing temperatur pigment cells
die
 The number/alphabet becomes visible as
white area on skin due to pigmentless skin
and hairs
65
 If done properly this procedure usually
harmless.

66. CASTRATION
done to avoid undesirable
effects of testosterone on carcass such as
male odor and less marbling
 Done in two ways:
burdizzo castratator
surgery
 In cattle and sheep/goats castration done
by Burdizzo castrator
October 23, 2013
 Castration
66

67. CASTRATION
restrained, area around spermatic
cord infused with local anesthetic agent and
then burdizzo castrator applied to crush
spermatic cord
 If sufficient amount of local anesthetic used
less or no pain felt by animal otherwise this
procedure extremely painful
 Pain killers given to avoid inflammation
 Surgical castration done by trained vet
 Animal retained and given anesthesia
67
October 23, 2013
 Animal

68.  Skin
October 23, 2013
CASTRATION
over testes excised, spermatic cord
tied with surgical thread
 Testes removed by help of scalpel
 A course of antibiotics and painkiller
observed thereafter to avoid post operative
complications.
68

69. October 23, 2013
TAIL DOCKING
 In cattle usually done to remove badly
injured part of tail
 In sheep tail removed to avoid build up of
feces which can result in fly strike
 This helps in better breeding results as
female reproductive parts are easily
approachable by male
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70.  In
October 23, 2013
TAIL DOCKING
lambs, a rubber band applied on tail by
help of applicator, to cut off blood supply
and tail behind rubber band easily removed
 All these procedure harmless if done
properly
 In some cases wound complication can
occur if wound is neglected
 Wound be properly disinfected and should
followed till complete healing
70

71. EAR TAGGING
October 23, 2013
 Ear
tags used for identification of animals
 Ear tags made of plastic or metal having
some number on it
 With the help of applicator tags are
punched in center of ear
 This procedure usually harmless but
animal suffers pain
71

72. October 23, 2013
BULL FIGHTING
 Bullfight involves maneuvers performed at
close range, after the bull has first been
weakened and tired by lances and short
spears with barbs which are thrust into and
then hang from the bull
 After the bull has been hooked multiple
times behind the shoulder the bullfight
usually concludes with killing of the bull by
a single sword thrust
72

73. BULL FIGHTING
is a blood sport perpetrated as a
cowardly act resulting in suffering of bulls
and horses
 Bullfighting is cruelty, horrible spectre of
animal abuse that ends in the slow and
torturous death of an animal provoked and
repeatedly gored with knives and swords
 Bullfighting is barbaric
October 23, 2013
 This
73

74.  Prior
October 23, 2013
BULL FIGHTING
to entering the arena, bull is terribly
abused for previous two days making him
weak, half-blinded and mentally destroyed,
whose chances of harming his tormentors is
virtually nil
 Drugs are administered to pep him up or
slow him down, and strong laxatives are
added to his feed to further incapacitate him
74

75. BULL FIGHTING
October 23, 2013
 Bullfight
is composed of 3 separate “acts:”
Men on horseback exhaust the bull
They cut into his neck muscles with a
pica - a weapon of about 6-8 inches long,
and 2 inches thick
Once it is thrust into the bull it is
twisted round and a large, gaping wound
appears
 The bull then starts bleeding to death
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 The kill lasts about 6 minutes

76.  Bull
October 23, 2013
BULL FIGHTING
attempts to rise again, and gets up on his
knees, only to receive further mutilation at the
hands of his tormentors
 He finally gives up, goes to his knees and lies down
 His ears and tail are cut off (often when he is fully
conscious), and his broken, bleeding body is
dragged around the ring by mules
 His body is taken away to be skinned, and even
then he may not be dead at this time
 Hundreds of horses die long as they are gored by
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the pain-crazed bull

77. October 23, 2013
77

78. October 23, 2013
CONCLUSION
AND
DISCUSSION
78

79. CONCLUSION
October 23, 2013
Main aspects of adaptation of stunning
procedures summarized as:
 To protect slaughterer from any harm from
the animal
 Save animals from undue pain during
killing
 Facilitate slaughtering procedure
 Economize meat production – slaughter
more animals in less time
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 Increase meat quality and shelf life

80. CONCLUSION
procedures have some limitations in
October 23, 2013
 stunning
their use
 They may also have merits and plus points
 Regulatory Authorities given rules and regulations
to be followed when these procedures are carried
out
 Despite having demerits, no stunning method has
been banned completely except pithing because of
chances of BSE particles
 Further work continued to remove demerits and
formulate new methods for animal welfare
80

81.  In
October 23, 2013
CONCLUSION
Jewish and Muslim methods stunning
not allowed
 Animals slaughtered with their religious
methods - Kosher and Halal
 According to research Kosher and Halal
methods have lowest risks of BSE and other
undesired contaminants
81

82.  With
October 23, 2013
CONCLUSION
normal stunning procedures – if
animal not stunned on the first try, it is
extremely stressful
 Sometimes it takes as many as 6 tries to
eventually stun the animal
 The US American Meat Institute permits
5% of animals to be “missed” on the first
try!
 And most animal activist organizations in
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the US accept this standard

83. CONCLUSION
claim that they minimize suffering of
October 23, 2013
 Experts
animal
 An electric current or a bolt pistol does cause pain
to the animal
 Gas stunning may cause severe breathing
difficulties or suffocation
 Many animals die from stunning before
slaughtering, especially chicken - in Britain that
one-third chicken die before slaughtering
 If animal dies prior to actual slaughter, then it
would be unlawful (haram) to consume
83

84. CONCLUSION
Stunning
causes more blood to stay inside
meat of the animal
October 23, 2013
The aya says, "forbidden to you is the blood
to consume."
The aya says, "and that which has been
strangled."
 Stunning chicken by hanging upside down
and forcing its head in an electrified water
bath causes strangulation
 Some chicken die from it, and if not, they
84
will die from electric current

85.  The
aya says, "and an animal killed by a
violent blow".
 This is exactly the method that has been
used in stunning – Captive bolt
October 23, 2013
CONCLUSION
85

86. CONCLUSION
scientists consider stunning cruel
and painful to animal
 Studies show that animal feels pain in
stunning
 Electricity used as a method of torture for
humans in prisons and detentions
 Stunning made apparently for two main
reasons:
the
October 23, 2013
 Many
false imaginary idea that animal feels pain
86
when throat cut
importantly kill more animals in less time

87. RESULTS OF SOME STUDIES
ritual slaughter is being evaluated
from an animal welfare standpoint, the
variable of restraint method must be
separated from the act of throat cutting
without prior stunning. Distressful
restraint methods mask the animals’
reactions to its throat being cut. Four stateof- the-art restraint devices have been
designed, built and operated that hold cattle
and calves in a comfortable upright position
87
during kosher (Jewish) slaughter (Grandin,
1994; Grandin and Regenstein, 1994).
October 23, 2013
 When

88. RESULTS OF SOME STUDIES
determine whether cattle feel the act of
having their throat cut, Grandin (1994), at
one plant, deliberately applied the head
restrainer so lightly that the animals could
pull their heads out; none of the 10 cattle
moved or attempted to pull their heads out.
Observations of hundreds of cattle and
calves during kosher slaughter indicated
that there was a slight quiver when the
knife first contacted the throat (Grandin,
88
1994).
October 23, 2013
 To

89. RESULTS OF SOME STUDIES
of the cattle’s flight zone by
touching its head caused a bigger reaction
(Grandin, 1994, 1993b) than did the act of
having its throat cut. The animal’s head
must be restrained in such a manner that
the incision does not close back over the
knife. Cattle and sheep will struggle
violently if the edges of the incision touch
during the cut (Grandin, 1994).
October 23, 2013
 Invasion
89

90. October 23, 2013
ThANkS
fOr yOUr
pATIeNCe
90