Essay Of Crime

What is Crime? Essays
There are many perceptions of what defines crime. The definitions appear to change throughout
history and are still changing today (Henry, S. and Lanier, M. M., 2001 ,p.139). For example, in
the past marital rape was not considered a crime as it was thought that women were believed to
be "sexual property" of the male and, therefore it couldn't be classed as rape (Brownmiller, 1975,
cited by Bergen, R.K., 1996, p.3). However, in the United States in 1978 a man was convicted of
rape on his wife (Russell, 1990, cited by Bergen, R.K., 1996, p.4). This shows how it is hard to define
crime due to the changes in views over time. Different cultures also have different perceptions of
what is, or is not considered to be a crime. For example,...show more content...
This essay will attempt to grasp the concept of 'What Is Crime' using sources available from various
locations, such as books and journals.
Hollin, C. ( 1989, pp.4–8) explains that "crime cannot be explained solely by psychological theory"
and therefore goes on to state three main approaches which attempts to explain what crime is. He
also notes that there are of course more explanations than those given therefore again suggesting
there is no one definition of 'What is Crime'. One idea which Hollin states is the "consensus view".
This idea suggests that crime is defined differently in different societies due to what is the social
norm. Crime is then defined within this view as an action which the majority disapprove of.
A contrasting view, also by Hollin, is the "conflict view". This view states that crime is created
due to there being different classes within society. The conflict may lead to crime as a result envy.
For example, if one member of society owns three cars whilst another cannot afford one the poorer
person may steal the other ones car in order to compete with the upper class and cause them pain.
The "conflict view" can possibly be supported by Webster, C. (2007, p.194) who states that
economic and social change can influence crime rates in a location. Webster also suggests that crime
is often linked to "masculinity", hence why perhaps we often
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The Crime Of Crime And Crime
Crime is everywhere. It dominates news broadcasts and newspapers. It also takes up the majority
of television shows and movies. As well as a great deal of fiction novels and books. Controlling
and fighting crimes are essential for the safety of citizens. Also the credibility and power of a
government are affected greatly by how they handle crime and deal with criminals. When a crime
takes place, the part that fascinates people the most is how the offender is captured and brought to
justice (Nathan, 2005, p 29–34).
Nowadays, nearly all serious crimes are solved with the help of one or more police investigators,
police officers, witness testimonies, and the help of psychological profilers and forensics.
Science has great contributions in the detection of crime and controlling criminals. The
advancement in DNA identification and a variety of forensic procedures help in solving many
crimes as it is portrayed in fictional television shows such as CSI.
Contributions from psychology are slowly emerging to keep up with these developments from the
natural sciences. There are many different ways in which psychology can contribute to police work.
All are brought up together under the field of investigative psychology.
The contributions that psychologist can make to police investigations have been most widely known
and understood in terms of "offender profiles". Offender profiling is the combination of sociological,
psychiatric, psychological, and criminological disciplinary

Crime and Its Effects
Analyse the effects of crime on communities and individuals (M2)
How Anti–Social behaviour effect the public?
The anti–social behaviour impacts negatively on all people, young, and old in all communities. It
reduces the quality of life for all residents. For example, a rowdy family can have a big impact on
the nearby community and can ruin people's lives because of their intimidation, harassment or
criminal damage. Graffiti and fly tipping doesn't look good and has a huge impact on our
communities and how happy we are in them not to mention the costs of cleaning up.
What does Violence against the Person includes? * Actual Bodily Harm * Assault on a constable
and Resisting Arrest * Common assault * Grievous Bodily...show more content...
Further, fear of crime has been shown to be highest in the more vulnerable members of our society,
such as the elderly, who, incidentally, may well also be at least risk of actual crime.
What is the impact of crime on victims?
The effects of crime on victim can have a mixed feeling about making a victim impact statement.
They may want to tell the judge or parole hearing officer how the crime affected their life and yet
they may be anxious because you don't know how to prepare an impact statement or you don't
want to bring back bad memories by describing how the crime has hurt you. The victim impact
statements may include descriptions of: * Physical damage caused by the crime * Emotional
damage caused by the crime * Financial costs to the victim from the crime * Medical or
psychological treatments required by the victim or his or her family * The need for restitution *
The victim's views on the crime or the offender * The victim's views on an appropriate sentence
What is the impact of crime on lifestyle?
The impact of crime on lifestyle can be where a community that is being affected by high crime
rates means that those professionals who are in the higher income brackets will leave. This is
because the high crime rate is bringing more criminals to the area, causing these professionals to find
communities where they will feel safer. As crime levels increase many retail businesses within the
community will simply close and relocated

Essay on Types of Crimes
Types of Crimes
A crime is an act against the public good, punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both. There are
two major classifications of crime. The first classification of crime is a felony. A felony is a major
crime punishable by imprisonment or death. Murder, manslaughter, burglary, robbery, and arson are
examples of felonies. The second major classification of a crime is a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor
is a less serious crime with a less severe penalty. Misdemeanors that aren't as serious are known as
petty offenses. Driving an automobile without a license, lying about your age to purchase alcohol,
and leaving the scene of an automobile accident are all examples of misdemeanors.
Crimes are defined by two elements. The...show more content...
Involuntary manslaughter occurs when you kill someone in a reckless act such as drunk driving.
There are crimes against business interests such as larceny by false pretenses, forgery, bribery, and
extortion. These crimes are known as white–collar crimes and usually involve fraud and are
nonviolent. The act of taking someone's money or property by intentionally deceiving that person is
known as larceny by false pretenses.
Forgery is the false making or changing of writing with the intent to defraud. The signing of another
person's name without authority to check or other document is known as forgery also. In order for a
crime to take place there must be intent to defraud or deceive.
Bribery is the illegal paying of public officials in order to influence their official authority or
decisions. The penalty for bribery at the federal level is a fine of not more than $20,000 or three
times the monetary equivalent of the bribe. Burglary is defined as the breaking and entering of a
dwelling house at night with the intent to commit a felony. States have passed statutes covering
other kinds of breaking and entering. If any part of the crime cannot be proven, you cannot be
charged with burglary.
Robbery is the wrongful taking and carrying away of the personal property of another accompanied
by violence or threats. The main difference between larceny and robbery is that when you rob

The Importance Of Crime Prevention
Crime is understood by society as an offence carried out by an individual whom is expected to be
then punished by the law. Crime prevention strategies seek to measure the potential impact of crime
on an individual and within society, therefore, the importance of effective prevention methods
provide a safe and secure environment for society to improve with. The importance of evaluating
crime prevention methods assist to reassure reoccurring criminal offences and help minimise the
result of criminal activity on a specific category and/or area. The focus of this essay is based around
the effective crime prevention strategies, which underlie several different perspectives by law
enforcement and society. The importance of producing effective crime policies and strategies to
protect future offenders and society will be explored throughout this essay, and therefore the focus
on strategies such as community policing, social crime prevention and situational crime prevention
will be discussed.
Crime prevention strategies can ultimately improve society by the implementation of prevention
measures that are effective to the safety and security of society. According to Burssens (2015), the
importance of evaluating crime prevention strategies is measured by the suitability and initiative to
account for crime prevention. Burssen provides a theoretical perspective of the issues related to
crime and how they can be altered to reduce the occurrence of crime in individuals and within

Elements of Crime
Elements of a crime The basic components of a criminal offense are listed below;[2] generally, each
element of an offense falls into one or another of these categories. At common law, conduct could not
be considered criminal unless a defendant possessed some level of intention – either purpose,
knowledge, or recklessness – with regard to both the nature of his alleged conduct and the existence
of the factual circumstances under which the law considered that conduct criminal. However, for
some legislatively enacted crimes, the most notable example being statutory rape, a defendant need
not have had any degree of belief or willful disregard as to the existence of certain factual
circumstances (such as the age of the accuser) that rendered...show more content...
Others may require proof the act was committed with such mental elements such as "knowingly" or
"willfulness" or "recklessness". Arson requires an intent to commit a forbidden act, while others such
as murder require an intent to produce a forbidden result. Motive, the reason the act was committed,
is not the same as mens rea and the law is not concerned with motive. Although most legal systems
recognize the importance of the guilty mind, or mens rea, exactly what is meant by this concept
varies Conduct (Actus reus) All crimes require actus reus. That is, a criminal act or an unlawful
omission of an act, must have occurred. A person cannot be punished for thinking criminal thoughts.
This element is based on the problem of standards of proof. How can another person's thoughts be
determined and how can criminal thoughts be differentiated from idle thoughts? Further, the law's
purview is not to punish criminal ideas but to punish those who act upon those ideas voluntarily.
Unlike thoughts, words can be considered acts in criminal law. For example, threats, perjury,
conspiracy, and solicitation are offenses in which words can constitute the element of actus reus. The
omission of an act can also constitute the basis for criminal liability. Concurrence In general, mens
rea and actus reus must occur at the same time–that is, the criminal intent had must precede or
coexist with the

Crime, Fear, And The Cost Of Crime
Crime, Fear, and the Cost of Crime in Society
There are two systems mentioned in the textbook that measures crime in the United States, the
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). These systems
provide statistics to see how new laws and programs are working. The UCR is a computer–based
program used by law enforcement to report crimes into a database within the United States for
statistical purposes. This system is broken down into parts, part I being violent crimes and part II
being the other crimes. The three major issues with this system voluntary of data collection, ability
to adjust the crime rate, and many offenses are not brought to the attention of the police. These three
issues give police departments the ability change their numbers to justify their jurisdiction, an
officer can choose to make an arrest and do the report, and crime is not allows reported on time
making the police a reactive force rather than proactive. The NCVS is a panel survey of a
household that is repeated over a period of time ranging from six months to three years, where
members of that household are interviewed numerous times during that time period to see how or if
the crime rate in the area of occupation has changed. There are also issues with this system ranging
from lack of knowledge of what is a crime, losing contact with the household being surveyed, and
the way the questions are asked or answered.
Fear is an emotional reaction to danger and

Crime Essay
Crime
What is crime? Crime is an act committed in violation of law for which punishment is imposed
upon conviction. It also can be unlawful activity, a serious offense, especially in violation of
morality. Crime effects anyone, and everyone. People that commit crimes are of all gender, color,
ethnicity etc. Crime effects all towns, cities, states, and countries; even though many places are
significantly different in matters of crime that takes place there. Take for example: Johnstown,
Pennsylvania with a crime rate of 16.6 crimes per 1,000 residents in 1999 and Miami, Florida with a
crime rate of 87.4 crimes per 1,000 residents in 1999. Crimes in these two cities are on the...show
more content...
It's no wonder that crime has constantly been one of the public's larger concerns over the past 30
years.
However, since the middle of the 90's violent crime in most parts of the country have declined.
Violent crime rate was shown, by the National Crime Victimization Survey, to have declined since
1994. Experts offer a range of reasons for the sudden fall in violent crime in the mid–1990s,
including: the healthy economy, changes in the market for illegal drugs, increased imprisonment,
policing modifications, and an increasing intolerance for violent behavior.
What if our environment was crime free? Would we save any money? Oh you bet we would! The
United States economy would save 1.7 trillion dollars per year. The money is devoted to the
production of goods and services that we need in order to prevent crime. Money spent on crime
includes and is not limited to: police protection, airport security, computer virus screening and
security, surveillance cameras, jails, locks and safes, guard dogs, federal agencies to fight crime,
guard dogs, medical care to treat victims of crime, or help children born with exposure to cocaine or
heroin, but the biggest part of this production comes from drug trafficking.
The money spent on preventing crime shouldn't be as much as big of an issue though, as the age of
the people committing crimes. It

Crime And Its Effect On Society Essay
Crime. Crime is rampant in today's society and exists in all cultures. Victimless crimes and inane
laws have been enacted, making common and harmless acts are a crime. The application of most
laws, with its accompanied prosecution, has become a source of revenue for municipalities and
county offices. The management of the prison and disciplinary observation has been outsourced to
privatised corporations that specialize in the day to day operations of these societal needs. There has
also been occupancy agreements made between the correctional companies and state governments to
keep the minimum prison occupancy and at a certain level. This concept creates a minimal amount
of work for a certain portion of the population, but does not actually address the root of the problem.
In modern American society, it seems as though everyone has had some sort of legal issue. Being
arrested is more common today than it has been in previous decades. What caused this? How did
6 million of America's society end up having involvement with the penal system? Why does
American society the largest prison populations in the world, housing 24.7% of the world's
prisoners. But how did this happen? And what can we do to address it. We do not need to send
people for parking tickets or debt. But in 2016, almost 200 years after Debtor's prisons were
abolished. We still send people to jail for not being able to pay fines handed down for Jaywalking.
The rapid rise in numbers of people

Essay about Crime
Crime
In general the definition of a crime is an act punishable by law, usually considered an evil act.
Crime refers to many types of misconduct forbidden by law. Crimes include such things as murder,
stealing a car, resisting arrest, possession or dealing of illegal drugs, being nude in public , drunk
driving, and bank robbery. Crime is an act that has been timeless and has been committed practically
since the start of time. For example, ever since Cain killed his brother Abel (B.C.), people being
charged with witchcraft in the 1600's, prostitution, to the current crimes of modern day(A.D.). Even
though crime has existed throughout time it has progressed and branched out taking many types
forms....show more content...
Crimes are frequently classified according to their seriousness as felonies or misdemeanors.
Generally, felonies are more serious than misdemeanors. Under the federal criminal law system,
felonies are crimes for which the punishment is death or imprisonment for more than a year. A
misdemeanor is punishable by a fine or by imprisonment for less than a year. In most states persons
convicted of felonies are sent to state prisons, while those guilty of misdemeanors serve their
sentence in city, or county jails, or correction houses.
Crimes against people include assault, kidnapping, murder, and sexual attacks. Such crimes usually
bring severe punishments. Crimes against property include arson, automobile theft, burglary,
embezzlement, forgery, fraud, larceny, and vandalism. In most cases, these crimes carry lighter
penalties than the crimes set against the person. Robbery is the crime most difficult to classify. The
law considers robbery a crime against the person or against the property, according to the case.
Robbery may involve simply stealing property from another person, but when a personal encounter
occurs between the robber and his victim, it may include violence and bodily harm. This usually
occurs during muggings or other strong–arm robberies.

Essay About Crime
Vian pulled up to a house with blue and red lights flashing and curious neighbors trying to get a
good look at the situation. He quickly exited his car, ducking under police tape and getting closer
to the scene. It was in a small white house, blood splattered across the windows from the inside.
This was going to be a messy one. He threw on some plastic gloves before heading inside. The
scene was gruesome. Sticky dark blood everywhere, chunks of god knows what on the ground next
to the victim. It was a girl. She obviously put up a fight. There were dark purple bruises around her
neck and arms. It wasn't enough to take his attention away from the huge gash starting from the
bottom of her neck to her belly button. Gutted like a fish. Her...show more content...
And he knew. "That can't be it. No. Not just because you wanted to. You're mine. We've caught
you finally. You got a little messy at that house." "I know. I needed to let go of myself a little."
"What do you mean by that?" "You know exactly what I mean. You're not yourself, detective. Look
at you. This isn't you. Right now, you'd rather be picking up a bottle o–" "Shut up." "Ooh. Someone's
a little angry. Maybe you should pour a little bit more vodka into your coffee." "Shut up!" Jamie
grinned. "Am I getting to you? Hm?" "No." "Hm. Anyways. Back to me. Next question." "Have
you ever had any childhood trauma? It says here in your records that you lived in an orphanage and
got adopted by–" "Don't say her name." "Why? Do you want to explain what she did to you?"
"No." "I don't want to be here just as much as you do. Answer the questions so I can leave and you
can rot in prison." "You're supposed to try and make me confess. Not bring up my past." "I don't
care. You wanted to get personal so I'll get personal. Answer the question. What did she do to
you?" "She beat me like a dog. Everyday. I was mute all the way until my junior year of high
school. That was the year she threw a fucking plate at me and did this!" He pointed at the scars on
his face, tracing them until his fist came down hard onto the table. He visibly gritted his teeth. "I
hate that bitch. I should've slit her throat when I had the chance." Vian paused and wrote a few
things down. "So abuse? Is

Criminology: The Evolution of Crime Essay
Criminology has evolved over history into becoming a discipline all its own, along the way it grew
and developed from a multiple sources of disciplines to become an integration of various theories.
Reasons that seek to explain crime and deviant behaviors has mirrored the time in which research
was being conducted and as time continues to change it is to be expected more theories will arise to
incorporate past theories to become ever more inclusive. It is important to understand this
development from the formulation of theories, the evolution of, the determining factors in testing,
particular process such as social learning that are upheld as strong empirically sound theories in order
for scholars to continue to advance further studies. But...show more content...
1). Criminology arose from the social scientific community over the year and has since come into
its own discipline, it examines the entire process of lawmaking, law breaking, and law enforcing"
(as cited in Akers, & Sellers, 2013). Criminology seeks to discover the depth of crime at both the
micro and macro levels, from the individual's natural biological and psychological characteristics, the
nurturing of social and structural institutions, to policy, prevention and control. Most importantly are
that theories must be clear and understandable so that they may be tested, otherwise they will be
undermined and unable to be put up against practice. Theories are expected to pass certain
prerequisites laid out in science i.e. logical consistency, scope and parsimony. Or in other words a
theory should be clearly defined, incorporate an inclusive scope, but is explained using a limited
reasoning. A theory is best if it can avoid being tautological in nature, although sometimes
unavoidable, nevertheless a theories empirical validity and reliability is what the scientific
community relies upon when determining the overall value of theories. After all, the ultimate reason
scientist theorize is to solve the puzzle or

Existence of Crime
Goals of this paper are to discuss the conflict model and the consensus paradigm and explain the
relation they have to crime. An in depth description of hate crimes that falls under the violent crime
typology will be given and references to a few high profile cases that relate to this focused crime
will be assessed. A consensus interpretation in regards to the strain theory will be elaborated upon,
and then an interpretation based on the conflict paradigm will be offered.
Definition
Consensus view is one way a criminologist studies crime in a society. With this view it is
understood that laws are needed and are seen as an agreement amongst the public to enforce social
norms or acceptable behavior. Supporters of this view would also agree...show more content...
Next, an incidents motivation bias on religion totaled 2. Following was an incidents motivation
bias on sexual orientation totaling 4. Lastly the incidents motivation bias on ethnicity was zero
and so was a motivation bias on someone who had a disability. When viewing the 2011 UCR
statistics of Pennsylvania the total amounts of incidents motivation bias were different. Race was
30 and religion was 8. Sexual orientation was one less than religion with a total of 7 and ethnicity
was the same as religion with a total of 8. The disability motivation bias was the same as Georgia
with a zero total.
Application
In 2012, February 4th two men said to have been affiliated with a gang committed a hate crime on
the bases of not liking the victim's sexual orientation. Christopher Cain, a 19 year old male, and
Dorian Moragne, a 20 year old, brutally attacked a 20 year old gay man Brandon White as he
walked out of a grocery store in Atlanta, Georgia. During the attack the offenders shouted anti–gay
slurs and even went as far to hit the victim with a tire. Somehow the attack was recorded by a
buildings surveillance system and posted for the public's viewing. The two offenders confessed to
their wrong doings and acknowledged their unconstitutional behavior. They were both found in
violation of the federal hate crime law that ultimately criminalizes certain crimes. "This case is the
first in Georgia to charge a violation of the sexual orientation

Crime and Punishment Essay examples
Crime and Punishment
Crime for what, and punishment for whom? May happens in a park and maybe in a room!
Maybe at night or afternoon, here or there or close to the moon. A man who makes a crime may
be a tycoon or maybe just a vagrant without a small home. Now the problem is for what, for whom
do a little vagrant or a tycoon want to be a prisoner or a dark moon?
Making crimes comes as a result of many various things in life. The first and the greatest one is
called money as the old expression that says "Money is the root of all evil", As many people who
are in need of money makes different types of crimes just to gain that money, however it's coming
through a wrong way. The second one and the most popular in Egypt is revenge by...show more
content...
They have also made many aggressive things to get what they need and to make what they want.
During this age, countries were internally corrupted because they were busy externally as a result of
the first and the second world wars.
So, during industrial revolution, corruption led to the appearance of plenty types of modern crimes.
The 20th century also has many and various types of crimes. Some of them are old and well
known for the police inspectors and the others are modern and its first appearance is in this age.
However, there crimes exist in this age, It's not as much as in the past due to the presence of the
modern police systems that are able to decrease the average crimes happening in successive years. I
guess that the 20th century is full of joy and happiness as a result of decreasing the number of
crimes since the governmental care is better than old ages.
Non of the humans was born as a criminal. A criminal is the end product of bad conditions that
turn a heart of a baby or a child full of happiness into a dark heart full of sadness. A calm person
could turn to aggressive one because of those conditions that affect each and every person living on
this earth. Some countries try nowadays to change those conditions surrounding especially poor and
homeless people. So, conditions are the main responsible for making such a criminal.
Justice is a small word, but it has a great meaning as it play an important rule in crime and
punishment. A judge

Reflection On Crime
There are many different definitions of crime. Personally, I think a crime is any act by a human
which intends to disobey the criminal law, or intends to inflict harm on another person or society
as a whole. I firmly believe that not all crimes should be weighted the same. For that reason,
criminals should not all be treated the same. There is an enormous difference between a serial killer
and a jay–walker. The people who commit these different crimes and their motives vary immensely.
Crime occurs for a multitude of reasons. I do not believe people break the law simply because they
want to break it. I think crimes happen out of desperation. Stealing, for example occurs when
someone feels as if they require an item which they do not...show more content...
One particular case that caught my attention was the Trayvon Martin case. He was a young boy of
color who got shot by a police officer. He was unarmed and seemingly harmless. It is important to
note that there is a lot of uncertainty in this case, but personally, I do not think a white boy would
have been shot in this situation. I also believe that swift and certain punishment both deter crime
therefore law enforcement needs to ensure that every citizen is receiving equal treatment. If
certain demographics begin to think they are exempt, or less likely to be charged with crimes
they will be more likely to commit them. Society could also do better when reacting to crime.
There are many unnecessary social consequences that result from an offender committing a
crime. Once an individual gets labeled as a criminal they have a more difficult time finding
employment, seeking schooling, and they also may be judged or shunned by peers. Family and
friends of a labeled criminal could also be penalized by some of these social consequences. I think
many of these are unnecessary and can lead to further involvement with crime. An individual
struggling to seek a steady, well paying job because of their label as a criminal could lead to them
committing more crime to be able to access the things they desire. The lack of belonging they feel
regarding friends, acquaintances and family members may also lead

The Victims Of Crime And Crime Essay
A victim is defined as a person who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or
economic loss as a result of a crime. A victim can be out of abuse, domestic violence, rape, assault
or theft which always leaves victims devastated and with all kinds of experiences. When someone
becomes a crime victim, everyone is affected by the crime, either as a direct victim or a friend or
family member of a victim. Even individuals who are not direct victims of crime can be negatively
affected in a variety of ways, such as developing an increased fear of crime or experiencing the
financial impact of crime (Desai, 2011).
While primary victims of crime might be identified easily, secondary victims such as family and
clan members may not be so readily identifiable and may not receive needed services. Identifying
services offered for neighborhoods and communities can be even more difficult. Another group
affected by crime is first responders–the people who typically are first on the scene or first to
respond to crime, including police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians
(Wasserman & Ellis, (n.d.). Physically victims can suffer sudden sweating and/or heart palpitations
(fluttering), aches and pains, changes in sleep patterns, appetite, increased use of alcohol or drugs,
easily startled by noise or touch, susceptible to colds and illnesses and constipation or diarrhea.
Emotionally they may experience shock, disbelief, denial, fear, anxiety,

Crime And Violence Essay
Crime is defined as an offensive act committed by a person that must be punished by law. In our
society, there are always some people that cannot stop themselves from doing a crime against
humanity. The crimes ranged from burglary to rape to homicide. When an individual intentionally
hurts another person physically and mentally, it is a serious problem. This type of behavior is not
acceptable because it can have an enormous negative impact on the victimized. Some people may
commit crimes out of desperation, while others commit crimes to get rich as soon as possible for
survival purposes. There are different motives for each crime, but that does not give criminals an
excuse to receive a lighter sentence. According to the Classical School of...show more content...
In this situation, she injures a bystander when things does not go her way. The young woman
suddenly acts violently because she lost control and had difficulty handling her emotions properly
at that moment. Another example is a male high school dropout joining a gang and accidentally
loses the illegal drugs during his mission. When the boss finds out about his failure, he orders his
underlings to "pay the price" by beating him up to a pulp. As a result, this male high school dropout
may vent his anger towards a family member for his failure.
Although criminal behavior is learned, media consumption also played a major role in influencing
crime. Mass media is defined as a set of instruments used to deliver information to the public. This
includes the Internet, television, newspapers, advertisements, movies, and radios. When people turn
on the television, they learn what is happening in different countries and problems around their
surroundings. It raises awareness about an issue, which catches people's undivided attention. As for
advertisements and movies, people watch them for entertainment. Though mass media is a good
communicator for a large group of audience, there are detrimental effects it has on society. According
to Constructing Crime: Media, Crime, and Popular Culture (2006), it says "The media frequently
hold female victims responsible for their victimization while reducing or

Essay about Criminological Theories
There are many different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories
of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a
theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing
people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior.
They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies
of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories, Psychological theories, which contains four
separate theories, and the Sociological theories, which also includes four different methods of
explaining why crime exists. The last theory is...show more content...
Prisons for example, are a dominant sense of making the country feel safer because the criminals
are being locked up. Also, the death penalty can be a form of deterrence towards other criminals
because they are able to see what is happening to other criminals that commit the same types of
crimes. Whether or not this does deter criminals from committing crimes is another story.
The Positivist School of criminology began in the late 19th century and is still a part of society
today. The Positivist School suggests that in order to control crime, you have to use scientific
methods to look for the causes of crime. Some important developments the theory included were
controlling human behavior, controlling criminal behavior, industrial revolutions, the emergence of
modern science, and finally Darwin's theory of evolution. Many assumptions had been made, but a
few in particular stood out to be the most important. Theorists said that human nature is determined
before you are even born. Also that it is differentiated which means that criminals are different from
non–criminals. The five methodologies are based on biological characteristics that may cause the
criminals to commit the crimes they based on certain characteristics. The first method is
physiognomy. This judges character by facial features as well as physical features. It can be traced
back to Ancient Greece and Rome. The second is

Essay about Theories of Crime
Many theories of crime are macro theories, which are used to explain crime based on a large
group of people or society. While macro theories are the predominant type of theory used to explain
crime, there are also a variety of "individual", or micro, factors which are equally important. Two
such individual factors s are maternal cigarette smoking (MCS) and cognitive ability, or Intelligence
Quotient (IQ).
MCS has been shown to negatively impact the neurological development of a fetus, with serious
damage to the nervous system. Medical studies have also concluded that smoking during pregnancy
is a known cause of fetal hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, which can stunt fetal brain development.
Studies have suggested that these physical...show more content...
They also suggest that one major cause of low self–control is "ineffective child–rearing." (Cullen &
Agnew, 2011, Pg. 233) Taking this into consideration, it is also conceivable that low cognitive
abilities may influence social interaction (effective socialization, adequate control), which in turn
could influence criminal behavior.
People who demonstrate a higher cognitive ability (higher IQ's) have been shown to perform well
academically and are able to achieve. A teenager, or even adult, with low IQ who does not perform
well in school can be subject to peer pressure, which can lead to delinquent behavior. In turn, youths
who demonstrate delinquent and anti–social behavior at an early age have difficulty forming social
attachments, resulting in lower self–control. As we have studied previously, low self–control is but
one means of predicting crime.
Terrie E. Moffitt's theory argues that antisocial behavior can be 1) life–course persistent offenders
who spend the majority of their life exhibiting antisocial behavior and 2) adolescence–limited
offenders who grow out of the antisocial behavior as they age. (Cullen & Agnew, 2011, Pg. 477)
While it may be disputed that there are only two categories of antisocial individuals, Moffitt's theory
is supported by our other course readings. For example, Patricia Brennans study concluded that a
lack of cognitive abilities due to

Essay on Causes of Crime
Causes of Crime
For centuries, the one plague that human civilization faces is a disease that has no evident cure –
crime. Before one can even try to find solutions for it, one must understand what a crime is and the
nature of crime. Crime itself is defined as any offence harmful against society. The nature ofcrime
however deals with the motives and causes of crime, which has no one clear cut explanation. There
are several different theories on the cause of crime such as heredity, gender and mental defects, but
each one is not substantial enough to explain crime and why it takes place. The theory on heredity
as being the source of crime is based on the idea that criminal activity is...show more content...
First of all, the world in which we live in depends a lot on financial standards. This includes
poverty, social classes and the simple fact that money makes the world go around. However, it is
not fair enough to say all criminals come from a poor background, but evidently a majority of crime
does exist among "the projects":
"...postcode areas with high levels of poverty tended to have significantly higher levels of parenting
deficients such as childe neglect; there is a strong relationship between the level of child neglect
/abuse in a postcode area and the level of juvenile participation in crime in that area,"
Obviously it is implicated that children raised in the ghetto are more susceptible to crime. Youth
crime is probably the most direct link since such poor living conditions, as mentioned above, can
cause a youth to find comfort in stealing or protection and affection from gangs. The quotation also
mentions neglect and abuse through childhood, which correlates with mental defect. Since it is an
economical situation in childhood that can lead to mental defect or youth crime itself, the theory of
mental imbalance is not really needed as its own branch. Also, organized crime and their leaders
usually have poor beginnings. These leaders usually don't have a

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