2. Psychiatric Diagnoses are categorized by the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diso
. Better known as the DSM-IV
The DSM-IV covers all mental health
disorders for both children and adults. It also
lists known causes of these disorders,
statistics in terms of gender, age at onset, and
prognosis as well as some research
concerning the optimal treatment
approaches.
3. Psychiatric Diagnoses are defined by the
presence of symptoms; typically clusters of
symptoms.
The DSM-IV is used by most diagnostic
professionals as a guide for differentially
diagnosing (based in strong and on-going
research).
Symptoms of a psychiatric diagnosis range
from observable symptoms to reported
experiences of the patient.
4. Benefits
Therapies (psychological and medical)
can be implemented
Insurance companies or other payees
can approve needed therapies
Patient can give name to their
experience
Decrease of functional impairments
Risks
Stereotypical Treatment
Stereotypical Diagnosing
Labeling/ Social Impact
5. Psychological Therapy:
Psychotherapy
Group Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Behavioral Therapy
Biological
Psychotropic or Other
Medication to Treat the
Symptoms
Older Therapies such as
Elecroconvulsive Shock Therapy
8. Primary feature is abnormal or
inappropriate anxiety
Increased heart rate, tensed
muscles, acute sense of focus
Part of a normal process in our
bodies called the 'flight or
flight' phenomenon.
These symptoms become a
problem when they occur
without any recognizable
stimulus or when the stimulus
does not warrant such a
reaction.
9. Acute Stress Disorder
Occurs within 2 days of and has not lasted beyond 4 weeks of a traumatic
experience
Agoraphobia
anxiety about being in places where escape might be difficult should a
panic attack develop
Generalized Anxiety
Obsessive-Compulsive
obsessions (persistent, often irrational, and seemingly uncontrollable
thoughts) and compulsions (actions which are used to neutralize the
obsessions)
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Associated with an object or situation
Post-Traumatic Disorder
Symptoms for at leas one month post trauma
10. Failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses
despite the negative consequences.
This failure to control impulses also refers to the
impulse to engage in violent behavior (e.g., road rage),
sexual behavior, fire starting, stealing, and self-abusive
behaviors
11. Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Kleptomania
Impulse to Steal-opposed to shoplifting the impulse is not directed
toward need of the object, value, etc.
Pathological Gambling
Pyromania
Impulse to deliberately and purposefully start fires
Trichtillomania
Impulse to pull one’s hair out
Impulse Control Disorder NOS
Not Otherwise Specified; currently used in diagnosing cutting
and other SIB behaviors that are not resultant of a developmental
disability
12. Primary symptom is a disturbance in mood
Inappropriate, exaggerated, or limited range of feelings
Everybody gets down sometimes, and everybody experiences a
sense of excitement and emotional pleasure. To be diagnosed
with a mood disorder, your feelings must be to the extreme. In
other words, crying, and/or feeling depressed, suicidal frequently.
Or, the opposite extreme, having excessive energy where sleep is
not needed for days at a time and during this time the decision
making process in significantly hindered.
13. Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I: Presence of Manic and Major Depressive Episodes
Bipolar II: Presence of Hypo-manic and Depressive Episodes
Cyclothymic Disorder
Hypo-mania and Depressive Episodes that do not meet the criteria
for Major Depressive Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Persistent depressed mood that does not meet the criteria for MDD
Major Depressive Disorder
14. Presence of psychosis, or
delusions and hallucinations.
Delusions are false beliefs that
significantly hinder a person's
ability to function.
Hallucinations are false
perceptions. They can be visual
(seeing things that aren't there),
auditory (hearing), olfactory
(smelling), tactile (feeling
sensations on your skin that
aren't really there, such as the
feeling of bugs crawling on you),
or taste.
15. Brief Psychotic Disorder
Lasts between 1 day and 1 month
Delusional Disorder
Non-bizarre delusions
Schizoaffective Disorder
Dual diagnosis of Schizophrenia and an Affective (Mood) Disorder
Schizophrenia
Hallucination, Delusions, Disorganized Behavior or Speech
Schizophrenoform
Temporary diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Shared Psychotic Disorder
delusions which are similar in content to those of an individual
who already has an established delusion
16. How can you know if someone that you work
with or know has a psychiatric diagnosis?
17. What might be some of the challenges in
determining if an individual with a
developmental disability has a psychiatric
diagnosis?
18. How can we determine if odd behaviors (aggressive,
repetitive, non-sensical communication, SIB, etc.)
are a result of the individuals developmental
disability or an additional psychiatric diagnosis?