Types of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Paralanguage
The way in which you say words;
volume, pitch, speaking rate, voice quality

2. Volume
How loudly
or softly you
are speaking
When might you speak
loudly?
Softly?
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3. Speaking
Rate/Pace
How fast or
slow you are
speaking
When might you speak
fast?
slow?
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4. Pitch
How high or low the sounds
of your voice are
When do you speak with a high pitch?
Low?
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5. Chart of Feelings
Do write this down.
Feeling Volume Pace Pitch
Anger Loud Fast High
Joy Loud Fast High
Sadness Soft Slow Low

6. Voice Quality
What makes people
able to recognize
you by your voice
alone
Ex: on the phone
Who has a distinct voice?
Arnold Schwarzenegger? Mr. H?
Bush?
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7. Stress
Volume & pitch;
the amount of
emphasis you
place on different
words in a
sentence.
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8. Stress Examples: How does meaning change
in the following sentence by stressing different words?
I like him very much.
Meaning: You like him, not the other person.
I like him very much.
Meaning: It is that guy you like, not someone
else.
I like him very much.
Meaning: You have very strong feelings.

9. More Examples: How does meaning change in
the following sentence by stressing different words?
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: SHE is the one giving the money, nobody else.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: She is GIVING, not lending.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: MONEY is being exchanged, not anything
else.
She’s giving this money to me.
Meaning: I am getting the money, nobody else.

10. 10 Volunteers are needed to number off
and remember their number.
There will be a series of sentences.
The odd numbers will say the sentences
as a praise.
The even numbers will say the sentences
as a criticism.
Praise (odd #s) vs. Critisism (even #s)

11. That looks good on you.
#1 say the sentence as a praise. Think
about which words you stress for the
meaning and if your pitch is high/low.
Answer: That looks good (high pitch) on
you.
#2 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: That (low) looks good on you.

12. That was some meal.
#3 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: That was some meal (high).
#4 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: That was some meal (low) .
Or That (low) was some meal.

13. You’re an expert.
#5 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: You’re (high) an expert
(high).
#6 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: You’re an expert (low).

14. You’re so sensitive.
#7 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: You’re so sensitive (high).
#8 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: You’re so (low) sensitive.

15. Are you ready?
#9 say the sentence as a praise.
Think about which words you stress
for the meaning and if your pitch is
high/low.
Answer: Are you ready (high)?
#10 say the sentence as a criticism.
Answer: Are you (low) ready (high)?

16. Proxemics
The study of spatial
communication

17. Four Distances depending on the type of
encounter and the nature of the relationship
Relationship Distance Typical
Situation

18. Intimate Distance: 0-18 inches
situations: Giving comfort or aid,
whispering, conversing w/ close friends and
family, kissing
We are easily stimulated in this distance, but
often easily uncomfortable.
EX: personal space. Who do we let in it?

19. Personal Distance: 18 inches-4 feet
Situations: Talking w/ friends or business
associates, instructing in a sport, other
students in class
We’re mostly in this distance.
If you decrease to intimate in this distance
people feel uncomfortable, but if you increase
your distance people feel rejected.

20. Social Distance: 4 ft - 12 ft
Situations: Discussing impersonal or
business matters w/ someone in authority,
taking part in a small group discussion

21. Public Distance: 12 ft - 25 ft
Situations: Public speaking, teaching a
class, leading a pep rally, fans in the stands
at a game, people waiting in a lobby
Mostly with strangers we do not want to
interact with

22. Conclusions
Based on the four types of distances
and their examples, what can you
conclude about the correlation
between the distance people have
with you and what that might
mean?
The closer the more they like you; the
farther away the less personal.

23. Haptics
The study of touch
communication

24. 5 reasons we touch:

25. 1. Positive emotions
support,
appreciation,
inclusion, sexual
interest, and
affection
Communicates
composure, affection,
trust

26. 2. Playfulness
Tells the other
person not to take
them seriously

27. 3. Control
touch controls
another person’s
behaviors, attitudes,
feelings
EX: “move over,”
“hurry,” “stay there”

28. 4. Ritualistic
greetings and
departures
EX: shaking hands,
kiss, hug, or put arm
on shoulder

29. 5. Task-related
Touch for a task
EX: removing of a
hair on other’s shirt,
checking fore-head
for a fever
Customers gave larger
tips when lightly
touched by waitress
(Marsh 1988)