The document discusses different radiosurgery treatments including CyberKnife, Gamma Knife, and stereotactic linear accelerators. Radiosurgery uses precisely targeted radiation beams in three dimensions to treat tumors. It originated in 1951 with Gammaknife and has advanced with linear accelerators and CyberKnife, which can track tumor movement for extracranial treatments. The CyberKnife uses a linear accelerator mounted on a robotic arm to direct radiation from any angle.

1. Stereotactic
Radiosurgery (SRS)
Amin Jahanbakhshi

2.  Three of the latest radiosurgery
treatments:
1. are CyberKnife
2. Gamma Knife
3. Stereotactic Linear Accelerator

3.  In fact radiosurgery is stereotactic only if
the distribution of radiation beams is in
three dimensions and not in two as in
traditional radiotherapy

4.  Radiosurgery is a relatively recent
technique (starting in 1951 with
Gammaknife by Leksell in Stockholm)
 The unit of Leksell was a kind of big
helmet usable only for the cranium that
was firmly fixed to the helmet.
Gammaknife

5.  A linear particle accelerator (often
shortened to linac) is a type of particle
accelerator that greatly increases the
velocity of charged subatomic particles or
ions by subjecting the charged particles to
a series of oscillating electric potentials
along a linear beamline
Linear Accelerator (Linac)

6.  In 1982 the use of a linear accelerator of
high precision combined with a Leksell's
device fastened to the couch sustaining
the patient and the precise capability of
the couch to rotate around a vertical axis
made possible to obtain three-dimensional
treatments similar to those obtained with
Gammaknife.
Linear Accelerator (Linac)

7.  Recent innovations in radiosurgery
(Cyberknife 1994) include platforms that
sense the position of the patient and adjust
the radiation to patient position, to avoid the
effects of the movements of patient and the
breathing motion, in order to keep the
necessary precision to also irradiate a very
small target. In such manner the method can
be applied also to extracranial lesions,
extending enormously the treatment
possibilities.
The Cyberknife

8.  The two main elements of the CyberKnife
are:
(1) the radiation produced from a small
linear particle accelerator
(2) a robotic arm which allows the
energy to be directed at any part of the
body from any direction
The Cyberknife

9.  The latest radiosurgery technology
available as of 2009 included the
CyberKnife and Gamma Knife systems,
the Novalis Tx radiosurgery platform, and
the Trilogy linear accelerator by Varian