HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION

INTRODUCTION
Also known as health care associated
infections or nosocomial infections
Nosus = disease
Komeion = to take care of
When we come to hospital for treatment,
diagnosis and various investigation
whether invasive or non invasive
procedures.

It may be achieved by patient doctors
nurses or any hospital staff .
If we follow universal precaution then we
lag it up to a higher extent
It may rather reduced by regular hand
washing and proper sanitization techniques
It may involves 70% isopropyl alcohol aka
rubbing alcohol in it for preventing HAI

DEFINITION
It is defined as Infection acquired by
the person in the hospital
manifestation of which may occur
during hospitalization or after
discharge from hospital.
Person may be patient, members of
hospital staff or visitor.

6 MAIN TYPES OF HAI
CLABSI
MRSA
CAUTI
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED
PNEUMONIA
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

CLABSI
Central line associated bloodstream
infection

MRSA
METHYCILLIN RESISTENT
STREPTOCOCCUS AUREUS

CAUTI
Catheter associated urinary tract
infection

SURGICAL SITE INFECTION

VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED
PNEUMONIA

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

WHEN OCCURS {EPIDEMIOLOGY}
In immunocompressive patients
As per epidemiology -
Agent (various microorganisms)
Host (immumocompromised patient)
Environment (hospital setting healthy
person ,front line, second line and hospital
persons including visitors and healthy
person.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
Contact – Direct -
Indirect -
Hand to hand
Droplet
Contaminated
equipments
Bedpan jugs
Needles
Dressing
Contaminated gloves

Airborne { inhalation(in TB),droplet }
Orally
Iv / Parentral
Vector borne
Our hands are most important vehicle of
transmission so we had to use regular
hand washing to prevent HAI

WHY NOT HAND WASHING USED
Not accessible
Too much Dependent on gloves
used
Staff crisis and too busy staff

HAND HYGIENE TECHNIQUES
Alcohol hand rub
Routine hand wash
Aseptic procedure of 1 min
Surgical wash for 3-5 min

PREVENTION & CONTROL OF
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
Regular hand washing
Proper handling ,cleansing, disinfection and
sterilization of devices and instruments
used for patient care
Proper isolations of patients having TB,
Covid etc like communicable diseases
If too much necessary then go for catheter
and central line to avoid CAUTI & CLABSI

UTTERMOST CARE TO PLACES
FROM WHERE H.A.I GET
REDUCED
Housekeeping linen
Cssd
Proper nursing care
Proper waste disposal
Proper hygiene
Proper disinfection & sterilization

HANDWASHING TECHNIQUE

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
नीला - नुकीला, काांच
पीला - प्लास्टिक
लाल - लचीला
काला - कागज
सफ
े द - दवा, metals
Needle पहले नीडल कटर मे जलायें फफर
फटप काट कर फ
ें क
े I

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Take everyone as suspect
Use barrier protective and safe injection
practice
Wear gloves & Promotion of ppe’s
Use caution in handling sharp objects
needles & waste
Discard contaminated materials

Clean area thoroughly with
disinfectants
Wash hands regularly before & after
care of patient
Proper sterilization & disinfection
Proper management of spillage of
body fluid and blood
Proper prevention from exposure like
u.v rays x-rays

SUMMARY
As we see that HAI can be transmitted
through affected individual to healthy person
so we have to use proper hand washing and
sanitization technique to prevent it
In between two patients use proper hand
washing and sanitizer as regular use to
prevent HAI and promote optimum health
care of individual to achieve good quality of
life.