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NatioNal iNstitute of fashioN techNology,
               New Delhi




     TIME STUDY
    MEASUREMENT
          SUBJECT :- PWS




                                        BY :-
                         AMIT KUMAR SINGH (01)
                               ANUJ KUMAR (02)
                      AMARTO CHAKRAVARTY (04)
AJAD KUMAR PANDAY (10)




Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO          2
CONTENTS

AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY
  • Steps in a time study
  • Elements
  • Work cycle

THE ASSIGNMENT
  • Objectives of the assignment
  • Assumptions for the study

ORIGINAL METHOD
  • Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder
    attachment and side seam attachment
  • Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder
    attachment and side seam attachment
  • Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment
    and side seam attachment
  • Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and
    side seam attachment
  • Calculations

PROPOSED METHOD
  • Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder
    attachment and side seam attachment
  • Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder
    attachment and side seam attachment
  • Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment
    and side seam attachment
  • Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and
    side seam attachment
  • Calculations

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY




         Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO        3
AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY
Time Study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of
working for the element of a specialized job carried out under specified conditions,
and for analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job
at a defined level of performance.
A distinction is made in time study practice between what are termed representative
workers and qualified workers. A representative worker is one whose skill and
performance is the average of the group under consideration. He is not necessarily a
qualified worker. The concept of the qualified worker is an important one in time
study. He is defined as follows:
A qualified worker is one who is accepted as having the necessary physical
attributes, who possesses the required intelligence and education, and who has
acquired the necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in hand to
satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and quality. For time study, an average
qualified worker is studied.


STEPS IN A TIME STUDY
When the work to be measured has been selected, the time study usually consists of
the following eight steps:
   1) Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the
       operative and the surrounding conditions, which is likely to affect the carrying
       out of the work.
   2) Recording a complete description of the method, breaking down the operation
       into “elements”.
   3) Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method
       and motions are being used, and determining the sample size.
   4) Measuring with a time device (usually a stop watch) and recording the time
       taken by the operative to perform each “element” of the operation.
   5) At the same time, assessing the effective speed of working of the operative
       relative to the observer’s concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating.
   6) Extending the observed times to “basic times”.

           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                       4
7) Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the
      operation.
   8) Determining the “standard time” for the operation.


ELEMENTS
An element is a distinct part of a specified job selected for convenience of
observation, measurement and analysis.


Types of elements
   1. A repetitive element is an element which occurs in every work cycle of the job.
   2. An occasional element is one which doesn’t occur in every work cycle of
      operation but may occur at regular or irregular intervals
   3. A constant element is an element for which the basic time remains constant
      whenever it is performed.
   4. A variable element is one for which basic time varies in relation to some
      characteristics of the product.
   5. A manual element is an element performed by a worker.
   6. A machine element is one that is automatically performed by a power driven
      machine. Once started, it cannot be influenced by the worker.
   7. A governing element is an element occupying a longer time than that of any
      other element being performed concurrently.
   8. A foreign element is an element, observed during study, which after analysis is
      not found to be essential part of the job.


WORK CYCLE
A work cycle is the sequence of elements which are required to perform a job or yield
a unit of production. The sequence may sometimes include occasional elements.




          Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                      5
THE ASSIGNMENT:
An operation of Regular Placket making with side seam and shoulder attachment of a
Shirt has been assigned and it is required that we study the existing method using
principles of work study and thereby propose a new method which is more efficient.


OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:
To understand the concept behind work study and their implementation in:
       Improvement of processes and procedures
   •
       Improvement in the design of the plant and equipment
   •
       Improvement in the use of men, materials and machines
   •
       Efficient materials handling
   •
       Improvement in the flow of production and processes
   •
       Economy in human effort and the reduction of unnecessary fatigue
   •
       Method standardization
   •
       Development of better physical working environment
   •


ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE STUDY:
   •   We assume that our operator is a skilled qualified worker required for time
       study and hence we shall give the rating 100
   •   As we are working on an experimental scale and not a very large scale we
       shall take 5 observations for the existing method and two each for the
       proposed methods
   •   We shall assume the following standard allowances for our calculations:
       Personal allowance: 11 %
       Machine Allowance: 5 %
       Contingency Allowance: 3 %
   •   We are assuming a 8 hr shift wherein the total number of working hours in a
       day are 8 and the month is assumed to be of 30 days




           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                  6
THE ORIGINAL METHOD:

The existing method adopted is the traditional method in practice for making shirt
front plackets. An operation breakdown of the same has been shown below which
depicts the flow process and the process breakdown.

OPERATIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET

                      Shirt front picked from right by right hand


        Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side


                             Fabric kept in stitching area


                       Pressure foot and needle moved down


                                 edge stitch at 5mm


                Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out


                                   Thread been cut


     Turn inside and nail press at 1.5 inch from the early folded area


                             Fabric kept in stitching area


                       Pressure foot and Needle moved down


                            Edge stitch at 5mm from edge


                Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out


          Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                   7
Thread been cut


                  Nail pressed open from the second stitch


                       Stitched fabric is kept left side




OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT

                 Shirt back picked from right by right hand


                   Shirt front picked from left by left hand


                           Back aligned with front


                       assembly kept in stitching area


                   Pressure foot and Needle moved down


                 Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder


                Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling
                               assembly out

                               Thread been cut


                         Stitched fabric kept left side




      Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO   8
OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM

       Assembly to stitch is picked from the right by right hand side


                 shared assembly of left hand to right hand


                  Panels are aligned from the side seam


                     Kept assembly at the stitching area


                   Pressure foot and Needle moved down


                Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam


           Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly
                                   out

                              Thread been cut


                         Fabric kept to the left side




      Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO          9




                                     Stitch
PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET)



LEFT HAND SIDE                                                           RIGHT         HAND
                                                                         SIDE

Idle                                                                     Front picked

Hold front                                                               Nail press

Place on machine and                                                     Place front and
align                                                                    align

Hold front                                                               Needle down

Hold front                                                               Bar tack

                                                                         Maintain     correct
Move front along
                                                                         distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                     Needle moved up

Remove front                                                             Trim thread

Hold folded front                                                        Nail press

Position     pieces    on                                                Position piece on
machine                                                                  machine

Hold the pieces                                                          Needle down

Hold the pieces                                                          Bar tack

                                                                         Maintain     correct
Move pieces along
                                                                         distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                     Needle moved up

Remove pieces                                                            Trim thread

Hold stitched piece                                                      Nail press

Stitched     fabric   kept                                               Next piece          of
left side                                                                front taken




              Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                  10
PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT)



LEFT HAND SIDE                                                          RIGHT         HAND
                                                                        SIDE

idle                                                                    back picked

Front picked                                                            Back hold

                                                                        Back aligning to
Front aligning to back
                                                                        front

                                                                        Kept           align
Kept align assembly
                                                                        assembly           at
at stitching area
                                                                        stitching area

                                                                        Needle       moved
Hold assembly
                                                                        down

Hold assembly                                                           Bar tack

                                                                        Maintain     correct
Move front along
                                                                        distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                    Needle moved up

Remove front                                                            Trim thread

Stitched    fabric   kept                                               Next piece          of
left side                                                               back picked




             Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                  11
PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT)
LEFT HAND SIDE                                                         RIGHT         HAND
                                                                       SIDE

                                                                       Assembly to stitch
idle
                                                                       picked

Shared assembly                                                        idle

Place on machine and                                                   Place assembly
align                                                                  and align

Hold assembly                                                          Needle down

Hold assembly                                                          Bar tack

                                                                       Maintain    correct
Move front along
                                                                       distance

Hold stitched assembly                                                 Needle up

Remove front                                                           Trim thread

Stitched fabric kept left                                              Next assembly is
side                                                                   picked




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                 12
MAN MACHINE CHART
SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET

MAN                                           MACHINE

Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch          Idle

placed it in stitching area                   idle

pressure foot & needle down                   idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Nail press at 1.5 inch                        idle

Place fabric in stitching area                Idle

Pressure foot and needle put down             idle

Idle                                          Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove and discard piece                      Idle

Nail press open at second stitch              idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO     13
SHOULDER ATTACHMENT

MAN                                           MACHINE

Front and back pieces picked, and             Idle

aligned at shoulder                           Idle

placed it in stitching area                   idle

Pressure foot and needle moved down           idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle



SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT

MAN                                           MACHINE

Assembly picked                               Idle

aligned at side seam                          Idle

placed it in stitching area                   idle

Pressure foot and needle moved down           idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO     14
TIME STUDY SHEET:
Time Study Sheet:

          SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM

                                                                    Study No.1
 OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING
                                                                    Sheet No.1
 MACHINE:     SNLS                                                  Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                                    Date: 07.11.08
 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                                    Checked:
                                         Observed Time
                                                                      Total       Avg
 No     ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
                                                                                             R     B.T.
                                         1         2         3
                                                                      O.T.        O.T.

 1      Front picked                     3.72      3.11      2.84
                                                                      9.67        3.22       100   3.22
        Front nail pressed at 1.5
 2                                       7.25      6.78      8.67
        inch                                                          22.7        7.56       100   7.56
        Front placed in stitching
 3                                       4.70      5.68      4.82
        area                                                          15.2        5.06       100   5.06
        Pressure bar and Needle
 4                                       2.14      2.07      2.68     6.89        2.31       100   2.31
        put down

                                                                      26.79       8.93       100   8.93
 7      Edge stitch at 5 mm              8.48      9.62      8.69

         Pressure bar and needle                                      13.44       4.48       100   4.48
 8                                       4.56      4.92      3.97
        moved up pulling fabric out
                                                                      8.11        2.70             2.70
 9      Thread been cut                  2.41      2.84      2.86
                                                                      16.95       5.65             5.65
 10     Nail pressed at 1.5 inch         6.24      5.48      5.23
                                                                      14.19       4.73       100   4.73
        Fabric placed in stitching
 11                                      4.39      3.96      5.84
        area
                                                                      6.96        2.32       100   2.32
        Pressure bar and Needle
 12                                      2.64      2.36      1.96
        put down
                                                                      29.26       9.75       100   9.75
 14     Stitch at 5 mm from edge         10.29     9.41      9.59
                                                                      8.52        2.84       100   2.84
        Pressure bar and needle
 15                                      3.11      2.76      2.65
        moved up pulling fabric out
                                                                      6.92        2.30       100   2.30
 16     Thread been cut                  1.59      2.68      2.65
                                                                      23.56       7.85       100   7.85
        Nail pressed      at   second
 17                                      8.77      7.67      7.12
        stitch
                                                                      12.29       4.09       100   11.08
 18     Stitched fabric kept left side   3.34      4.43      4.52
        R=Rating     O.T.=Observed Time         B.T.=Basic Time

            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                                      15
*Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
        Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100




CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 73.79 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 73.79= 8.11

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 73.79= 3.68

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 73.79= 2.21

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                  = 3.68 sec + 8.11 sec + 2.21 sec = 14 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 73.79+ 14 = 87.79 sec




           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                          16
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
                                                             Study No.1
OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
                                                             Sheet No.1
MACHINE:    SNLS                                             Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                             Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                             Checked:
                                                         Total
                               Observed Time
     ELEMENT                                                            Avg
                                                         O.T.
No                                                                              R         B.T.
     DESCRIPTION                                                        O.T.
                               1      2        3

1    Shirt back picked         1.98   2.36     2.17      6.51           2.17    100       2.17

2    Shirt front picked        1.29   1.31     1.59      4.19           1.39    100       1.39
     Back aligned with front
2                              5.32   5.41     6.86      17.59          5.86    100       5.86
     at shoulder side
     assembly placed in
3                              4.98   5.87     5.68      16.53          5.51    100       5.51
     stitching area
     Pressure     bar    and
4                              2.3    2.18     2.10      6.58           2.19    100       2.19
     Needle put down
     stitch at 5 mm from
7                              4.03   4.69     5.48      14.20          4.73    100       4.73
     edge of shoulder
         Pressure bar and
8    needle     moved     up   4.10   5.65     4.85      14.6           4.86    100       4.86
     pulling fabric out
9    Thread been cut           1.62   1.98     2.65      6.25           2.08    100       2.08
     Stitched fabric kept left
10                             4.49 4.57 3.17    12.23                  4.07    100       4.07
     side
     R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time

     *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
     Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100




       Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                                  17
CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 32.86 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 32.86 = 3.61

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 32.86 = 1.64

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 32.86 = 0.98

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                  = 1.64 sec + 3.61 sec + 0.98 sec = 6.23 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 32.86 + 6.23 = 39.09 sec




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                18
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
                                                             Study No.1
OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
                                                             Sheet No.1
MACHINE:    SNLS                                             Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                             Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                             Checked:
                              Observed Time
     ELEMENT                                              Total     Avg
No                                                                              R         B.T.
     DESCRIPTION                                          O.T.      O.T.
                              1      2        3

     Assembly to stitch is
1                          2.89      3.11     2.97        8.97      2.99        100       2.99
     picked
     Alignment of panels at
2                             2.65   3.10     2.58        8.33      2.77        100       2.77
     side seam
     assembly placed in
3                             2.48   3.07     2.68        8.23      2.74        100       2.47
     stitching area
     Pressure     bar   and
4                             3.14   2.98     2.83        8.95      2.98        100       2.98
     Needle put down
     stitch at 5 mm from
7                             6.99   7.98     6.21        21.18     7.08        100       7.08
     edge of side seam
         Pressure bar and
8    needle     moved    up   3.69   3.65     4.15        11.49     3.83        100       3.83
     pulling fabric out
9    Thread been cut          2.10   3.25     1.87        7.22      2.40        100       2.40
     Stitched fabric kept left
10                             2.64 3.58 3.41             9.63      3.21        100       3.21
     side
     R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time

     *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
     Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100




       Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                              19
CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 27.73 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 27.73= 3.05

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 27.73= 1.38

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 27.73= 0.83

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                  = 1.38 sec + 3.05 sec + 0.83 sec = 5.26 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 27.73 + 5.26 = 32.99 sec




           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                 20
THE PROPOSED METHODS:
The initial changes:
  •   The layout was organized

  •   Proper lighting was ensured

  •   The tools which are convenient to use were placed in proper position keeping
      ergonomic principals in mind

  •   Proper seating arrangement was ensured


OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET


                     Shirt front picked from right by right hand


       Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side


                 Again front nail pressed at 1.5 inch to inner side


                            Fabric kept in stitching area


                       Pressure foot and Needle moved down


               Edge stitch at 5mm from inner side of folded placket


               Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out


                                  Thread been cut


                            Nail pressed open on stitch



         Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                    21
Fabric kept in stitching area




                   Pressure foot and Needle moved down


           Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out


                               Thread been cut


                       Stitched fabric is kept left side




OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT

          Shirt front picked from left by left hand and kept on table


        Shirt back picked from right by right hand and kept aligning
                                  shoulder


                       Assembly kept in stitching area


                   Pressure foot and Needle moved down


                 Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder


                Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling
                               assembly out

                               Thread been cut


                         Stitched fabric kept left side



      Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO          22
OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM

           Assembly to stitch is picked from the left by left hand


                  Panels are aligned from the side seam


                     Kept assembly at the stitching area


                   Pressure foot and Needle moved down


                Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam


         Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out


                              Thread been cut


                         Fabric kept to the left side




      Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO       23




                                     Stitch
PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET)


LEFT HAND SIDE                                                           RIGHT         HAND
                                                                         SIDE

idle                                                                     Front picked

Hold front                                                               Nail press

Hold folded front                                                        Nail press

Place on machine and                                                     Place front and
align                                                                    align

Hold front                                                               Needle down

Hold front                                                               Bar tack

                                                                         Maintain     correct
Move front along
                                                                         distance

Hold fabric                                                              Needle up

Remove front                                                             Trim thread

Hold folded front                                                        Nail press

Position     pieces    on                                                Position piece on
machine                                                                  machine

Hold the pieces                                                          Needle down

Hold the pieces                                                          Bar tack

                                                                         Maintain     correct
Move pieces along
                                                                         distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                     Needle up

Remove pieces                                                            Trim thread

Stitched     fabric   kept                                               Next piece to
left side                                                                stitch is picked




              Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                  24
PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT)


LEFT HAND SIDE                                                          RIGHT         HAND
                                                                        SIDE

Front picked                                                            idle

Hold front on table                                                     back picked

                                                                        Back aligning on
Hold front on table
                                                                        to front

                                                                        Needle      moved
Hold assembly
                                                                        down

Hold assembly                                                           Bar tack

                                                                        Maintain    correct
Move front along
                                                                        distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                    Needle up

Remove front                                                            Trim thread

Stitched    fabric   kept                                               Next back piece
left side                                                               is picked




             Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                 25
PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT)

LEFT HAND SIDE                                                          RIGHT         HAND
                                                                        SIDE

Assembly      to     stitch
                                                                        idle
picked

Place on machine and                                                    Place assembly
align                                                                   and align

Hold assembly                                                           Needle down

Hold assembly                                                           Bar tack

                                                                        Maintain    correct
Move front along
                                                                        distance

Hold stitched fabric                                                    Needle up

Remove front                                                            Trim thread

Stitched    fabric    kept
                                                                        idle
left side




             Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                 26
MAN MACHINE CHART

SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET

MAN                                           MACHINE

Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch, again
                                            Idle
nail pressed at 5 inch,

placed it in stitching area                   idle

pressure foot & needle down                   idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Nail press open on stitch                     idle

Place fabric in stitching area                Idle

Pressure foot and needle put down             idle

Idle                                          Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove and discard ready piece                Idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO     27
SHOULDER ATTACHMENT

MAN                                           MACHINE

Front and back pieces picked                  Idle

aligned at shoulder                           Idle

placed it in stitching area                   idle

Pressure foot and needle put down             idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle




SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT

MAN                                           MACHINE

Assembly picked                               Idle

aligned at side seam                          Idle

placed it in stitching area                   idle

Pressure foot and needle put down             idle

Idle                                          Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm

Idle                                          Stitch complete

Pressure foot and needle moved up             idle

Remove fabric from machine                    Idle

Place the stitched fabric at other side       Idle




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO     28
TIME STUDY SHEET:

        SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM

                                                                 Study No.1
OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING
                                                                 Sheet No.1
MACHINE:     SNLS                                                Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                                 Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                                 Checked:
                                       Observed Time
                                                              Total         Avg
No    ELEMENT DESCRIPTION                                                            R     B.T.
                                                              O.T.          O.T.
                                       1      2        3



1     Front picked                     2.90   2.47     2.47   7.84          2.61     100   2.61

      Front nail pressed at 1.5
2                                      4.10   5.04     4.06   13.20         4.40     100   4.40
      inch
      Again Front nail pressed at
2                                      6.62   6.8      5.28   18.7          6.23     100   6.23
      1.5 inch
      Front placed in stitching
3                                      1.77   1.81     1.67   5.25          1.75     100   1.75
      area
      Pressure bar and Needle
4                                      2.25   2.42     1.73   6.40          2.13     100   2.13
      put down

7     Edge stitch at 5 mm              6.54   5.94     5.73   18.21         6.07     100   6.07

       Pressure bar and needle
8                                      2.87   2.27     2.61   7.75          2.58     100   2.58
      moved up pulling fabric out
9     Thread been cut                  3.16   3.05     2.82   9.03          3.01     100   3.01

10    Nail press open on stitch        5.29   4.85     4.18   14.32         4.77     100   4.77
      Fabric placed in stitching
11                                     3.79   3.14     4.08   11.01         3.67     100   3.67
      area
      Pressure bar and Needle
12                                     1.39   1.82     1.18   4.39          1.46     100   1.46
      put down


14    Stitch at 5 mm from edge         5.77   5.64     4.57   15.88         5.29     100   5.29


      Pressure bar and needle
15                                     1.47   1.58     1.55   4.60          1.53     100   1.53
      moved up pulling fabric out
16    Thread been cut                  1.84   1.64     2.12   5.60          1.86     100   1.86

17    Stitched fabric kept left side   3.28   3.41     4.71   11.4          3.8      100   3.80


           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                               29
R=Rating    O.T.=Observed Time    B.T.=Basic Time

         *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
         Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100



CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 51.16 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 51.16 = 5.62

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 51.16 = 2.55

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 51.16 = 1.53

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                    = 2.55 sec + 5.62 sec + 1.53 sec = 9.7 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 51.16+ 9.70 = 60.86 sec




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                          30
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
                                                             Study No.1
OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT
                                                             Sheet No.1
MACHINE:    SNLS                                             Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                             Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                             Checked:
                              Observed Time
     ELEMENT                                              Total         Avg
No                                                                              R         B.T.
     DESCRIPTION                                          O.T.          O.T.
                              1       2       3

1    Shirt front picked       1.78    1.84    2.14        5.76          1.92    100       1.92

2    Shirt back picked        1.85    2.01    1.79        5.65          1.88    100       1.88
     Back aligned with front
2                            6.87     5.62    6.08        18.57         6.19    100       6.19
     at shoulder side
     assembly placed in
3                            1.21     1.64    1.91        4.76          1.58    100       1.58
     stitching area
     Pressure     bar    and
4                            1.86     1.21    1.52        4.59          1.53    100       1.53
     Needle put down

     stitch at 5 mm from
7                        4.48         4.01    5.86        14.35         4.78    100       4.78
     edge of shoulder

     Pressure bar and needle
8    moved up        pulling 2.61     3.17    2.85        8.63          2.87    100       2.87
     fabric out
9    Thread been cut          1.89    1.64    2.24        5.77          1.92    100       1.92
     Stitched fabric kept left
10                             1.80 2.59 1.94             6.33          2.11    100       2.11
     side
     R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time

     *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
     Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100



       Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                                  31
CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 24.78 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 24.78 = 2.72

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 24.78 = 1.23

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 24.78 = 0.74

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                  = 1.23 sec + 2.72 sec + 0.74 sec = 4.69 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 24.78 + 4.96 = 29.47 sec




            Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                32
SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM
                                                             Study No.1
OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT
                                                             Sheet No.1
MACHINE:    SNLS                                             Studied by: Group VDSP
                                                             Date: 07.11.08
WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate
                                                             Checked:
                              Observed Time
     ELEMENT                                              Total         Avg
No                                                                               R        B.T.
     DESCRIPTION                                          O.T.          O.T.
                              1      2        3

     Assembly to stitch is
1                          2.03      2.98     2.47        7.48          2.49     100      2.49
     picked
     Alignment of panels at
2                             2.12   3.15     2.48        7.75          2.58     100      2.58
     side seam
     assembly placed in
3                             2.34   3.09     2.28        7.71          2.57     100      2.57
     stitching area
     Pressure     bar   and
4                             2.01   1.47     1.52        5.00          1.66     100      1.66
     Needle put down
     stitch at 5 mm from
7                             5.85   5.01     6.21        17.07         5.69     100      5.69
     edge of side seam
         Pressure bar and
8    needle     moved    up   2.31   3.65     2.85        8.81          2.93     100      2.93
     pulling fabric out
9    Thread been cut          1.84   2.24     1.57        5.65          1.88     100      1.88
     Stitched fabric kept left
10                             1.61 1.89 2.34             5.84          1.94     100      1.94
     side
     R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time

     *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr)
     Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100




       Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                              33
CALCULATIONS:

Total Basic Time: 21.74 sec



Calculation of SAM:

Personal Allowance: 11%

Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 21.74= 2.39

Machine Allowance: 5 %

5/100 * 21.74= 1.08

Contingency Allowance: 3 %

3/100 * 21.74= 0.65

Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance

                  = 2.39 sec + 1.08 sec + 0.65 sec = 4.12 sec

SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances

Therefore SAM = 21.74+ 4.12 = 25.86 sec




           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                 34
CONCLUSION:
We can conclude from the above listed observations and charts that:

   •   Conformance to ergonomic standards affects productivity to a great extent

   •   Comfort of operator is directly reflected in output

   •   Work study is the biggest tool which enables us to assess the present
       techniques and propose new more efficient methods




BIBLIOGRAPHY:


   •   Work Study by O.P.Khanna

   •   Introduction to Work Study (An ILO publication)

   •   Motion and Time Study by Ralph M. Barnes




           Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO                35

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PWS-Time Study by-Amit Singh

  • 1. NatioNal iNstitute of fashioN techNology, New Delhi TIME STUDY MEASUREMENT SUBJECT :- PWS BY :- AMIT KUMAR SINGH (01) ANUJ KUMAR (02) AMARTO CHAKRAVARTY (04)
  • 2. AJAD KUMAR PANDAY (10) Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 2
  • 3. CONTENTS AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY • Steps in a time study • Elements • Work cycle THE ASSIGNMENT • Objectives of the assignment • Assumptions for the study ORIGINAL METHOD • Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Calculations PROPOSED METHOD • Operational break down of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Two handed process chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Man machine chart of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Time study sheet of front regular placket, shoulder attachment and side seam attachment • Calculations CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 3
  • 4. AN INTRODUCTION TO TIME STUDY Time Study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of working for the element of a specialized job carried out under specified conditions, and for analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance. A distinction is made in time study practice between what are termed representative workers and qualified workers. A representative worker is one whose skill and performance is the average of the group under consideration. He is not necessarily a qualified worker. The concept of the qualified worker is an important one in time study. He is defined as follows: A qualified worker is one who is accepted as having the necessary physical attributes, who possesses the required intelligence and education, and who has acquired the necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in hand to satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and quality. For time study, an average qualified worker is studied. STEPS IN A TIME STUDY When the work to be measured has been selected, the time study usually consists of the following eight steps: 1) Obtaining and recording all the information available about the job, the operative and the surrounding conditions, which is likely to affect the carrying out of the work. 2) Recording a complete description of the method, breaking down the operation into “elements”. 3) Examining the detailed breakdown to ensure that the most effective method and motions are being used, and determining the sample size. 4) Measuring with a time device (usually a stop watch) and recording the time taken by the operative to perform each “element” of the operation. 5) At the same time, assessing the effective speed of working of the operative relative to the observer’s concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating. 6) Extending the observed times to “basic times”. Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 4
  • 5. 7) Determining the allowances to be made over and above the basic time for the operation. 8) Determining the “standard time” for the operation. ELEMENTS An element is a distinct part of a specified job selected for convenience of observation, measurement and analysis. Types of elements 1. A repetitive element is an element which occurs in every work cycle of the job. 2. An occasional element is one which doesn’t occur in every work cycle of operation but may occur at regular or irregular intervals 3. A constant element is an element for which the basic time remains constant whenever it is performed. 4. A variable element is one for which basic time varies in relation to some characteristics of the product. 5. A manual element is an element performed by a worker. 6. A machine element is one that is automatically performed by a power driven machine. Once started, it cannot be influenced by the worker. 7. A governing element is an element occupying a longer time than that of any other element being performed concurrently. 8. A foreign element is an element, observed during study, which after analysis is not found to be essential part of the job. WORK CYCLE A work cycle is the sequence of elements which are required to perform a job or yield a unit of production. The sequence may sometimes include occasional elements. Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 5
  • 6. THE ASSIGNMENT: An operation of Regular Placket making with side seam and shoulder attachment of a Shirt has been assigned and it is required that we study the existing method using principles of work study and thereby propose a new method which is more efficient. OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: To understand the concept behind work study and their implementation in: Improvement of processes and procedures • Improvement in the design of the plant and equipment • Improvement in the use of men, materials and machines • Efficient materials handling • Improvement in the flow of production and processes • Economy in human effort and the reduction of unnecessary fatigue • Method standardization • Development of better physical working environment • ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE STUDY: • We assume that our operator is a skilled qualified worker required for time study and hence we shall give the rating 100 • As we are working on an experimental scale and not a very large scale we shall take 5 observations for the existing method and two each for the proposed methods • We shall assume the following standard allowances for our calculations: Personal allowance: 11 % Machine Allowance: 5 % Contingency Allowance: 3 % • We are assuming a 8 hr shift wherein the total number of working hours in a day are 8 and the month is assumed to be of 30 days Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 6
  • 7. THE ORIGINAL METHOD: The existing method adopted is the traditional method in practice for making shirt front plackets. An operation breakdown of the same has been shown below which depicts the flow process and the process breakdown. OPERATIONAL BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET Shirt front picked from right by right hand Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side Fabric kept in stitching area Pressure foot and needle moved down edge stitch at 5mm Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out Thread been cut Turn inside and nail press at 1.5 inch from the early folded area Fabric kept in stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from edge Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 7
  • 8. Thread been cut Nail pressed open from the second stitch Stitched fabric is kept left side OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT Shirt back picked from right by right hand Shirt front picked from left by left hand Back aligned with front assembly kept in stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out Thread been cut Stitched fabric kept left side Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 8
  • 9. OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM Assembly to stitch is picked from the right by right hand side shared assembly of left hand to right hand Panels are aligned from the side seam Kept assembly at the stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out Thread been cut Fabric kept to the left side Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 9 Stitch
  • 10. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE Idle Front picked Hold front Nail press Place on machine and Place front and align align Hold front Needle down Hold front Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up Remove front Trim thread Hold folded front Nail press Position pieces on Position piece on machine machine Hold the pieces Needle down Hold the pieces Bar tack Maintain correct Move pieces along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up Remove pieces Trim thread Hold stitched piece Nail press Stitched fabric kept Next piece of left side front taken Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 10
  • 11. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE idle back picked Front picked Back hold Back aligning to Front aligning to back front Kept align Kept align assembly assembly at at stitching area stitching area Needle moved Hold assembly down Hold assembly Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle moved up Remove front Trim thread Stitched fabric kept Next piece of left side back picked Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 11
  • 12. PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE Assembly to stitch idle picked Shared assembly idle Place on machine and Place assembly align and align Hold assembly Needle down Hold assembly Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold stitched assembly Needle up Remove front Trim thread Stitched fabric kept left Next assembly is side picked Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 12
  • 13. MAN MACHINE CHART SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET MAN MACHINE Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch Idle placed it in stitching area idle pressure foot & needle down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Nail press at 1.5 inch idle Place fabric in stitching area Idle Pressure foot and needle put down idle Idle Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove and discard piece Idle Nail press open at second stitch idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 13
  • 14. SHOULDER ATTACHMENT MAN MACHINE Front and back pieces picked, and Idle aligned at shoulder Idle placed it in stitching area idle Pressure foot and needle moved down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT MAN MACHINE Assembly picked Idle aligned at side seam Idle placed it in stitching area idle Pressure foot and needle moved down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 14
  • 15. TIME STUDY SHEET: Time Study Sheet: SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Observed Time Total Avg No ELEMENT DESCRIPTION R B.T. 1 2 3 O.T. O.T. 1 Front picked 3.72 3.11 2.84 9.67 3.22 100 3.22 Front nail pressed at 1.5 2 7.25 6.78 8.67 inch 22.7 7.56 100 7.56 Front placed in stitching 3 4.70 5.68 4.82 area 15.2 5.06 100 5.06 Pressure bar and Needle 4 2.14 2.07 2.68 6.89 2.31 100 2.31 put down 26.79 8.93 100 8.93 7 Edge stitch at 5 mm 8.48 9.62 8.69 Pressure bar and needle 13.44 4.48 100 4.48 8 4.56 4.92 3.97 moved up pulling fabric out 8.11 2.70 2.70 9 Thread been cut 2.41 2.84 2.86 16.95 5.65 5.65 10 Nail pressed at 1.5 inch 6.24 5.48 5.23 14.19 4.73 100 4.73 Fabric placed in stitching 11 4.39 3.96 5.84 area 6.96 2.32 100 2.32 Pressure bar and Needle 12 2.64 2.36 1.96 put down 29.26 9.75 100 9.75 14 Stitch at 5 mm from edge 10.29 9.41 9.59 8.52 2.84 100 2.84 Pressure bar and needle 15 3.11 2.76 2.65 moved up pulling fabric out 6.92 2.30 100 2.30 16 Thread been cut 1.59 2.68 2.65 23.56 7.85 100 7.85 Nail pressed at second 17 8.77 7.67 7.12 stitch 12.29 4.09 100 11.08 18 Stitched fabric kept left side 3.34 4.43 4.52 R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 15
  • 16. *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 73.79 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 73.79= 8.11 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 73.79= 3.68 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 73.79= 2.21 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 3.68 sec + 8.11 sec + 2.21 sec = 14 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 73.79+ 14 = 87.79 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 16
  • 17. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Total Observed Time ELEMENT Avg O.T. No R B.T. DESCRIPTION O.T. 1 2 3 1 Shirt back picked 1.98 2.36 2.17 6.51 2.17 100 2.17 2 Shirt front picked 1.29 1.31 1.59 4.19 1.39 100 1.39 Back aligned with front 2 5.32 5.41 6.86 17.59 5.86 100 5.86 at shoulder side assembly placed in 3 4.98 5.87 5.68 16.53 5.51 100 5.51 stitching area Pressure bar and 4 2.3 2.18 2.10 6.58 2.19 100 2.19 Needle put down stitch at 5 mm from 7 4.03 4.69 5.48 14.20 4.73 100 4.73 edge of shoulder Pressure bar and 8 needle moved up 4.10 5.65 4.85 14.6 4.86 100 4.86 pulling fabric out 9 Thread been cut 1.62 1.98 2.65 6.25 2.08 100 2.08 Stitched fabric kept left 10 4.49 4.57 3.17 12.23 4.07 100 4.07 side R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 17
  • 18. CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 32.86 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 32.86 = 3.61 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 32.86 = 1.64 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 32.86 = 0.98 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 1.64 sec + 3.61 sec + 0.98 sec = 6.23 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 32.86 + 6.23 = 39.09 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 18
  • 19. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Observed Time ELEMENT Total Avg No R B.T. DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T. 1 2 3 Assembly to stitch is 1 2.89 3.11 2.97 8.97 2.99 100 2.99 picked Alignment of panels at 2 2.65 3.10 2.58 8.33 2.77 100 2.77 side seam assembly placed in 3 2.48 3.07 2.68 8.23 2.74 100 2.47 stitching area Pressure bar and 4 3.14 2.98 2.83 8.95 2.98 100 2.98 Needle put down stitch at 5 mm from 7 6.99 7.98 6.21 21.18 7.08 100 7.08 edge of side seam Pressure bar and 8 needle moved up 3.69 3.65 4.15 11.49 3.83 100 3.83 pulling fabric out 9 Thread been cut 2.10 3.25 1.87 7.22 2.40 100 2.40 Stitched fabric kept left 10 2.64 3.58 3.41 9.63 3.21 100 3.21 side R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 19
  • 20. CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 27.73 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 27.73= 3.05 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 27.73= 1.38 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 27.73= 0.83 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 1.38 sec + 3.05 sec + 0.83 sec = 5.26 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 27.73 + 5.26 = 32.99 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 20
  • 21. THE PROPOSED METHODS: The initial changes: • The layout was organized • Proper lighting was ensured • The tools which are convenient to use were placed in proper position keeping ergonomic principals in mind • Proper seating arrangement was ensured OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR PLACKET Shirt front picked from right by right hand Shirt front nail pressed at 1.5 inch from centre front line to inner side Again front nail pressed at 1.5 inch to inner side Fabric kept in stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from inner side of folded placket Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out Thread been cut Nail pressed open on stitch Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 21
  • 22. Fabric kept in stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling fabric out Thread been cut Stitched fabric is kept left side OPERATION BREAKDOWN FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT Shirt front picked from left by left hand and kept on table Shirt back picked from right by right hand and kept aligning shoulder Assembly kept in stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of shoulder Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out Thread been cut Stitched fabric kept left side Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 22
  • 23. OPERATION BREAKDOWN OF SIDE SEAM Assembly to stitch is picked from the left by left hand Panels are aligned from the side seam Kept assembly at the stitching area Pressure foot and Needle moved down Edge stitch at 5mm from edge of side seam Pressure foot and needle moved up pulling assembly out Thread been cut Fabric kept to the left side Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 23 Stitch
  • 24. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE idle Front picked Hold front Nail press Hold folded front Nail press Place on machine and Place front and align align Hold front Needle down Hold front Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold fabric Needle up Remove front Trim thread Hold folded front Nail press Position pieces on Position piece on machine machine Hold the pieces Needle down Hold the pieces Bar tack Maintain correct Move pieces along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle up Remove pieces Trim thread Stitched fabric kept Next piece to left side stitch is picked Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 24
  • 25. PROCESS CHART (FOR SHOULDER ATTACHMENT) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE Front picked idle Hold front on table back picked Back aligning on Hold front on table to front Needle moved Hold assembly down Hold assembly Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle up Remove front Trim thread Stitched fabric kept Next back piece left side is picked Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 25
  • 26. PROCESS CHART (FOR SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT) LEFT HAND SIDE RIGHT HAND SIDE Assembly to stitch idle picked Place on machine and Place assembly align and align Hold assembly Needle down Hold assembly Bar tack Maintain correct Move front along distance Hold stitched fabric Needle up Remove front Trim thread Stitched fabric kept idle left side Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 26
  • 27. MAN MACHINE CHART SHIRT REGULAR PLACKET MAN MACHINE Front picked, nail pressed at 5 inch, again Idle nail pressed at 5 inch, placed it in stitching area idle pressure foot & needle down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Nail press open on stitch idle Place fabric in stitching area Idle Pressure foot and needle put down idle Idle Bar tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove and discard ready piece Idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 27
  • 28. SHOULDER ATTACHMENT MAN MACHINE Front and back pieces picked Idle aligned at shoulder Idle placed it in stitching area idle Pressure foot and needle put down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT MAN MACHINE Assembly picked Idle aligned at side seam Idle placed it in stitching area idle Pressure foot and needle put down idle Idle Bar-tack, stitch on 5 mm Idle Stitch complete Pressure foot and needle moved up idle Remove fabric from machine Idle Place the stitched fabric at other side Idle Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 28
  • 29. TIME STUDY SHEET: SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: FRONT REGULAR PLACKET MAKING Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Observed Time Total Avg No ELEMENT DESCRIPTION R B.T. O.T. O.T. 1 2 3 1 Front picked 2.90 2.47 2.47 7.84 2.61 100 2.61 Front nail pressed at 1.5 2 4.10 5.04 4.06 13.20 4.40 100 4.40 inch Again Front nail pressed at 2 6.62 6.8 5.28 18.7 6.23 100 6.23 1.5 inch Front placed in stitching 3 1.77 1.81 1.67 5.25 1.75 100 1.75 area Pressure bar and Needle 4 2.25 2.42 1.73 6.40 2.13 100 2.13 put down 7 Edge stitch at 5 mm 6.54 5.94 5.73 18.21 6.07 100 6.07 Pressure bar and needle 8 2.87 2.27 2.61 7.75 2.58 100 2.58 moved up pulling fabric out 9 Thread been cut 3.16 3.05 2.82 9.03 3.01 100 3.01 10 Nail press open on stitch 5.29 4.85 4.18 14.32 4.77 100 4.77 Fabric placed in stitching 11 3.79 3.14 4.08 11.01 3.67 100 3.67 area Pressure bar and Needle 12 1.39 1.82 1.18 4.39 1.46 100 1.46 put down 14 Stitch at 5 mm from edge 5.77 5.64 4.57 15.88 5.29 100 5.29 Pressure bar and needle 15 1.47 1.58 1.55 4.60 1.53 100 1.53 moved up pulling fabric out 16 Thread been cut 1.84 1.64 2.12 5.60 1.86 100 1.86 17 Stitched fabric kept left side 3.28 3.41 4.71 11.4 3.8 100 3.80 Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 29
  • 30. R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 51.16 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 51.16 = 5.62 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 51.16 = 2.55 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 51.16 = 1.53 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 2.55 sec + 5.62 sec + 1.53 sec = 9.7 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 51.16+ 9.70 = 60.86 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 30
  • 31. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: SHOULDER ATTACHMENT Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Observed Time ELEMENT Total Avg No R B.T. DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T. 1 2 3 1 Shirt front picked 1.78 1.84 2.14 5.76 1.92 100 1.92 2 Shirt back picked 1.85 2.01 1.79 5.65 1.88 100 1.88 Back aligned with front 2 6.87 5.62 6.08 18.57 6.19 100 6.19 at shoulder side assembly placed in 3 1.21 1.64 1.91 4.76 1.58 100 1.58 stitching area Pressure bar and 4 1.86 1.21 1.52 4.59 1.53 100 1.53 Needle put down stitch at 5 mm from 7 4.48 4.01 5.86 14.35 4.78 100 4.78 edge of shoulder Pressure bar and needle 8 moved up pulling 2.61 3.17 2.85 8.63 2.87 100 2.87 fabric out 9 Thread been cut 1.89 1.64 2.24 5.77 1.92 100 1.92 Stitched fabric kept left 10 1.80 2.59 1.94 6.33 2.11 100 2.11 side R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 31
  • 32. CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 24.78 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 24.78 = 2.72 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 24.78 = 1.23 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 24.78 = 0.74 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 1.23 sec + 2.72 sec + 0.74 sec = 4.69 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 24.78 + 4.96 = 29.47 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 32
  • 33. SHORT CYCLE TIME STUDY FORM Study No.1 OPERATION: SIDE SEAM ATTACHMENT Sheet No.1 MACHINE: SNLS Studied by: Group VDSP Date: 07.11.08 WORKING CONDITIONS: Adequate Checked: Observed Time ELEMENT Total Avg No R B.T. DESCRIPTION O.T. O.T. 1 2 3 Assembly to stitch is 1 2.03 2.98 2.47 7.48 2.49 100 2.49 picked Alignment of panels at 2 2.12 3.15 2.48 7.75 2.58 100 2.58 side seam assembly placed in 3 2.34 3.09 2.28 7.71 2.57 100 2.57 stitching area Pressure bar and 4 2.01 1.47 1.52 5.00 1.66 100 1.66 Needle put down stitch at 5 mm from 7 5.85 5.01 6.21 17.07 5.69 100 5.69 edge of side seam Pressure bar and 8 needle moved up 2.31 3.65 2.85 8.81 2.93 100 2.93 pulling fabric out 9 Thread been cut 1.84 2.24 1.57 5.65 1.88 100 1.88 Stitched fabric kept left 10 1.61 1.89 2.34 5.84 1.94 100 1.94 side R=Rating O.T.=Observed Time B.T.=Basic Time *Note: Realignment of pieces also includes trimming of threads where required(TTr) Assuming Rating for all operations to be 100 Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 33
  • 34. CALCULATIONS: Total Basic Time: 21.74 sec Calculation of SAM: Personal Allowance: 11% Personal Allowance = 11/100 * 21.74= 2.39 Machine Allowance: 5 % 5/100 * 21.74= 1.08 Contingency Allowance: 3 % 3/100 * 21.74= 0.65 Total Allowances = Machine Allowance + Personal allowance + Contingency Allowance = 2.39 sec + 1.08 sec + 0.65 sec = 4.12 sec SAM (Standard Allowed Minutes) = Basic Time + Total Allowances Therefore SAM = 21.74+ 4.12 = 25.86 sec Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 34
  • 35. CONCLUSION: We can conclude from the above listed observations and charts that: • Conformance to ergonomic standards affects productivity to a great extent • Comfort of operator is directly reflected in output • Work study is the biggest tool which enables us to assess the present techniques and propose new more efficient methods BIBLIOGRAPHY: • Work Study by O.P.Khanna • Introduction to Work Study (An ILO publication) • Motion and Time Study by Ralph M. Barnes Method Study and Time Study by AMIT ANUJ AJAD and AMARTO 35