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Pseudomonas
1. 1
Chapter NO # 06
PSEUDOMONAS
Introduction:
Large group of aerobic
Non sporing
Gram negative
Motile by polar flagella
Ubiquitous
Oppurtunistic infections
Newer genera-Burkholderia Stenotrophomonas
Species
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stenotrophomonas maltophila
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
About Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram-negative aerobe bacteria
Commonly found in the environment
At any moist location
Common cause of nosocomial infections
P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen
Hardly any infections in the normal human host
Severe immunodeficiencies and medical devices predispose the patients to P. aeruginosa
infections
Broad spectrum of clinical symptoms
Urinary tract infections
Pulmonary infections
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Chapter NO # 06
Soft tissue infections
Sepsis
Bone and joint infections
Endocarditis
Health Problems with Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter NO # 06
P. aeruginosa infections
P. aeruginosa infections are of particular concern for Cystic fibrosis patients
Burn patients
Hospitalised patients
Case mortality rate for patients infected with P. aeruginosa approaches 50%
Nosocomial infections
Fourth most common isolated nosocomial pathogen accounting for approx.
10 % of all hospital acquired infections.
Patient-to-patient spread and direct patient contact with environmental reservoirs
disinfectants,
respiratory equipment,
food,
sinks, taps
Cultural characteristics
Obligate aerobe
Wide range of temperature 5°c-42°c
optimum 37°c
Ordinary media –
large,opaque,irregular,with distinctive earthy smell
Nutrient agar-
Colonies are smooth,large,translucent,low convex,2-4mm in diameter.
Produce sweetish aromatic odor
Greenish blue pigment diffuses
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Chapter NO # 06
Blood agar
Similar to nutrient agar
Many are haemolytic
Mac conkey agar
Colourless,non lactose fermenters
Cetrimide agar
selective media
Cetrimide agar is a type of agar used for the selective isolation of the gram-
negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
As the name suggests, it contains cetrimide, which is the selective agent against alternate
microbial flora.
Cetrimide also enhances the production of Pseudomonas pigments such as pyocyanin
and fluorescein, which show a characteristic blue-green and yellow-green colour, respectively.
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Chapter NO # 06
Diagnosis ofP. aeruginosa
Isolation and lab identification of the pathogen
P. aeruginosa grows wellon most laboratory media
Identified on the basis of its:
Gram morphology,
inability to ferment lactose,
a positive oxidase reaction,
its characteristic odor,
its ability to grow at 42° C.
Biochemical reactions
1. O/F test-oxidative
2. Catalase-positive
3. Oxidase-positive
4. Nitrate reduction-positive
5. Indole test-negative
6. Methyl red test-negative
7. Vp test-negative
8. Citrate test-positive
9. Urease test-negative
Mechanism OfPathogenesis
Caused by exotoxins,proteases,elastases,haemolysins,lipases and enterotoxins
Exotoxin A-lethal toxin
Elastases-haemorrhagic lesions
Enterotoxins-diarrhoeal disease
Slime layer acts as a capsule and enhances virulence
Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections
P. aeruginosa is frequently resistant to many commonly used antibiotics.
To archive synergy a combination of e.g. gentamicin and carbenicillin is frequently used.
No vaccines so far
Prepared By
Amjad Khan Afridi
Date: 18th
March, 2017