2. CONTEXT
Introduction
Main categories of plant biostimulants
Humic and Fulvic acids
Protien hydrolysates and N-containing compounds
Seaweed extracts and botanicals
Inorganic compounds
Beneficial fungi
Beneficial bacteria
3. CONTEXT
Common features of biostimulants
Defining plant biostimulants : aiming at a
consensus
Regulation of plant biostimulants
Difference between biostimulants and biofertilizers
Challenges
Apportunities
Examples
4. INTRODUCTION
“Materials that, in minute quantities, promote plant
growth” (1997, Zhang and Schmidt)
“Biostimulants are materials, other than fertilizers,
that promote plant growth when applied in low
quantities” (Kauffman, 2007)
European biostimulant industry council
Biostimulant coalition, USA
9. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Chemical elements that promote plan growth and may be
essential to particular taxa ,but are not required by all plants
MAIN ELEMENTS
i. Al
ii. Co
iii. Na
iv. Se
v. Si
Complex bio stimulants like extract of seaweeds and
animal waste
Inorganic salts of beneficial elements
11. BENEFICIAL BACTERIA
Bacteria interact with plants in all possible ways
Mutualism and parasitism
Bacterial niches
Participation to the biogeochemical cycles
Main bio stimulants
Mutualistic endosymbiosis of the type rhizobium
Mutualistic rhizospheric PGPRs (plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria )
14. Action on Plant Processes
Cellular Mechanism
Plant Physiology
Agricultural function
Economic and Environmental Benefits
15. PLANT RESISTANCE AGAINST STRESS
CONDITIONS
Biostim
ulant
Reactive
Oxygen
Scavengi
ng
By
antioxid
ants
Cellular
Mechani
sm
16. REGULATION OF PLANT BIOSTIMULANTS
Very complex
Difference between biostimulants, bio fertilizers, soil
improvers
Route for regulation in Europe
National regulation on fertilizers(fertilizers rout)
European pesticide law
Plant protection products (PPPs)