This document discusses Indian socialism and its implementation. It defines socialism as aiming for the welfare of society through public policies that benefit society as a whole. Key aspects of Indian socialism discussed include its mixed economy model, egalitarian principles, directive principles of state policy promoting equality and welfare, nationalization of banks to promote development and reduce inequality, and anti-competition laws preventing concentration of economic power. The document analyzes how aspects of the Indian constitution like the preamble, fundamental rights, and directive principles incorporate socialist ideals and show India's commitment to socialism.

1. INDIAN SOCIALISM
SUBMITTED BY:
Anamika Bishnoi
B.A.LL.B. 2nd
year

2. WHAT IS SOCIALISM??
 Derived from sociology
 Dissimilarity between sociology and socialism
 Still one thing in common i.e. society
 Sociology: branch of science studying society, societal
relations, rules, norms, behavior and other society related
things

3.  Socialism: principle aiming welfare of the society
 Implementation of all state policies in favor of public
good and public interest
 Concept of welfare state followed

4. Socialist state
 State that abolished capitalism
 State moving towards communism
 Some form of ownership of means of production and
distribution by the state
 Indian constitution aiming economic socialism

5.  Economic socialism involves mixed economy
 State following egalitarianism

6. Egalitarianism
 Derived from French word “egal” meaning equal
 Soul of a socialist state
 Trend of thought favoring equality of some sort
 General premise: people should be treated as equals on
dimensions of religion, politics, society and culture

7.  Believes all human are equal in fundamental worth or moral
status
 Aims at removal of all economic inequalities among people
 Decentralization of power
 Basically called natural state of society

8. Preamble
 Before 1976 it constituted of only sovereign democratic
republic
 Converted into sovereign socialist secular democratic
republic after 42nd
amendment 1976
 The concept made explicit
 India’s commitment to this ideal strengthened and
underlined

9. Instances
proving socialism in India……

10. Mixed economy
 Combination of public and private ownership of the means of
production with some measure of control by the centre
 Mix between socialism and communism
 Attempt to gain the advantages of freedom without govt.
having to give up it powers

11.  Objects to achieve economic growth with distributed justice
 Major example: United States Of America

12. Articles supporting mixed
economy
 Article 19 (1) g
Article 19: protection of certain rights regarding freedom of
speech etc.
1. all citizens shall have the right
G. to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation,
trade or business

13.  Article 298
Power to carry on trade, etc.- the executive power of
the union and of each state shall extend to the carrying on
of any trade or business and to the acquisition, hilding and
disposal of property and the making of contracts for any
purpose:
Provided that-
a. the said executive power of the union shall, insofar as
such trade or business or such purpose is not one with
respect to which the parliament may make laws, be subject
in each state to legislation by the state; and
.

14.  b. the said executive power of each state shall, insofar as such
trade or business or such purposes is not one with respect to
which the state legislature may make laws, be subject to
legislation by parliament

15. Abolition of privy purse
 Privy purse???
a. Payment made to the royal families of erstwhile princely
states
b. It was a part of their agreements to first integrate with
India in 1947 and later to merge their states in 1949
whereby they lost all ruling rights.
c. For the 565 princely states, Privy Purses ranged from Rs.
5000/- per annum to amounts in millions

16. d. And 6 of the most important states in India were
provided with Privy Purses above Rs. 10,00,000/-
e. Those 6 states were- hyderabad, mysore, travancore,
baroda, jaipur and patiala
 Its abolition:
a. finally, the motion to abolish it & the official
recognition of the titles was originally brought before the
parliament in 1969

17. b. But unfortunately was defeated by one vote
c. And it was again proposed in 1971 by the prime minister
d. And was successfully passed as the 26th
Amendment to the
constitution of India
e. Indira Gandhi argued the case for abolition based on equal
rights for all citizens and the need to reduce the
government's revenue deficit

18. Article 14 Of The Indian
Constitution
 Equality before law- the state shall not deny to any
person equality before the law or the equal protection of
laws within the territory of India.
This article uses two expressions :
a. Equality before the law
b. Equal protection of laws

19.  Equality before law:
a. Common law concept
b. Absence of privileges in favor of any person or
class
c. No man is above law
d. Every person, irrespective of his rank or condition,
is subjected to ordinary course of jurisdiction
e. Taken from British law

20.  Equal protection of laws:
a. Law will apply equally to equally placed persons
b. That means discrimination can take place between persons
not placed in equal circumstances
c. State is in no danger to have the power to distinguishing
and classifying persons or things for the purpose of
legislation
d. But, the classification made, must be reasonable

21. Bank Nationalization
 the process of taking an industry or assets into the public
ownership of a national government or state
 usually refers to private assets, but may also mean assets
owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities,
being transferred to the public sector
 Many socialists believe that public ownership enables
people to exercise full democratic control over the means
whereby they earn their living

22.  and provides an effective means of distributing output to
benefit the public at large, and a means for providing public
finance
 The need of nationalizing the bank in India was felt because
the private commercial banks were not fulfilling the social
and developmental goals of banking
 Despite the enactment of the banking regulation act 1949
and the nationalization of the state bank of India in 1955,
the expansion of commercial banking had largely excluded
rural areas and small-scale borrowers

23.  Then the nationalization took place in two phases:
 First round- in 1969 covering 14 banks
 Second round- in 1980 covering 7 banks
 Currently there are 27 nationalized commercial banks

24.  At the time of nationalization, priority sector concept
introduced by bringing agriculture, small-scale industry,
retail trade, small business and small transport operators
under its fold
 It became mandatory for banks to provide 40% of their net
credit to “priority” sectors
 Within this bank had to provide 18 percent of their net
credit to the agricultural sectors, so as to reduce the hold of
moneylenders & make more funds available for agricultural
development
 So, from the early 1970s, banks were also actively involved
in poverty alleviation and employment generation
programmes

25. Anti-competition law
 Also known as monopolies and restrictive trade practice act
(MRTP Act)
 India enacted its first legislation act in 1969
 It was an integral part of the economic life of the country
 It aims at preventing concentration of economic power to the
common detriment, provide for control of monopolies and
probation of monopolistic, restrictive and unfair trade
practice, and protect consumer interest

26.  enacted to ensure that operation of economic system does not
result in concentration of economic powers in hand of few

27. Directive principles of state
policy
 Guidelines to central and state government, to be kept in mind
while framing laws and policies
 These provision not enforceable by any court, but the principles
are considered fundamental duties of state
 This concept has been borrowed from Irish constitution
 It aims at creating social and economic conditions under which
the citizens can lead a good life.

28.  The state shall work towards reducing economic inequality
 Also aims to establish social and economic democracy
through a welfare state
 State shall aim for securing right to an adequate means of
livelihood for all citizens as well as equal for equal work for
both men and women
 State shall try to ensure that ownership and control of the
material resources is distributed to sub serve the common
good
The two most important articles of directive principles
of state policy favoring socialism are:

29.  Article 38: state to secure a social order for the
promotion of welfare of the people–
1. The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people
by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social
order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall
inform all the institutions of the national life.
2. The state shall, in particular strive to minimise the
inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate
inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only
amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people
residing in different areas or engaged in different
vocations

30.  Article 39: certain principles of state policy to be
followed by the state—
the state shall, in particular, directs its policy towards securing—
a. That the citizens, men and women equally have the rights to an
adequate means of livelihood;
b. That the ownership and control of the material resources of the
community are so distributed as best sub serve the common good;
c. That the operation of the economic system does not result in the
concentration of wealth and means of production to the
common detriment;
d. That there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;

31. e. That the health and strength of workers, men and women, and
the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are
not forced by economic necessity to enter avocation unsuited to
their age or strength;
f. That children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in
a healthy manner and in condition of freedom and dignity and
that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and
against moral and material abandonment

32. Conclusion
 It proves our socialism to be democratic
 Because democratic socialists believe, both the economy and society should run
democratically
 i.e. to meet public needs, not to make profit for a few
 To achieve more just society
 It support the principles of democratic collective ownership of the basic means of
production and the principle of democratic management
 Therefore these socialist support not only public ownership but cooperative
ownership of economic functions

33.  And all these features are very identical to those we had discussed
some minutes before
 Ironical: we cannot find the word socialism anywhere other then
preamble
 But still we have socialism in almost every part of our
constitution
 This shows the successful existence of socialism in India….
 And we hope it forever remains one of the most important part of
the constitution

34. THANKYOU