Phytochemicals
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This document summarizes several phytochemicals found in plants and their health benefits. It discusses the antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and heart-healthy properties of allicin from garlic. It also outlines the anti-allergic, anti-cancer, and antioxidant effects of flavonoids found in tea, soy, and other plants. Finally, it briefly describes several other phytochemicals like beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, isoflavones, catechins, and anthocyanidins and their roles in eye health, cancer prevention, and other benefits.
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Phytochemicals
- 2. • Phytochemicals, chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants (phyto means "plant" in Greek), are responsible for color and organoleptic properties, such as the deep purple of blueberries and smell of garlic
- 4. ALLICIN
- 5. Allicin • Allicin, one of the • Antimicrobial sulfur compounds of • Anti cancer garlic, possesses • Heart health antioxidant activity
- 6. FLAVONOIDS
- 7. FLAVONOIDS • anti-allergic, • anti-cancer, • antioxidant, • anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. • ability to relieve hay fever, eszema, sinusitis and asthma.
- 8. • Tea flavonoids reduce the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, lowers the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. • Soy flavonoids (isoflavones) can also reduce blood cholesterol and can help to prevent osteoporis. • Soy flavonoids are also used to ease menopausal symptoms •
- 10. • Anti cancer • Skin protection • Heart health
- 11. LUTEIN
- 12. • Eye protection • Reduce risj of artery diseases • Reduce the risk of skin cancer • Lutein is found in egg yolk and many plants and vegetables, including red peppers, mustard, broccoli, zucchini, corn, garden peas, spinach, leek, collard greens and kale. Lutein is responsible for the colouring of many fruits and vegetable
- 13. Lycopene
- 14. • Anti cancer • Anti bacterial • Anti fungal • Lycopene helps to protect diabetes patients against cardiovascular disease and may improve the immune response. • Arteriosceloris • Anti toxic Distribution Lycopene is the red pigement of ripe tomatoes. Lycopene is also found in guava, pink grapefruit, red oranges and watermelon •
- 15. Isoflavones • Isoflavones are secondary vegetable substances, which can act as estrogens in the body and have protective functions. • cause less menopause symptoms. • Prevent cancer to women
- 16. Cathechins • Catechins are a type of antioxidant found in the greatest abundance in the leaves of the tea plant Camellia sinensis. In smaller amounts, they are found in other foods such as red wine ,chocolate, berries, and apples..
- 17. Anthocyanidins • Blueberries • Red and Black Grapes • Cranberry • Raspberries Red Onions • Eggplant
Editor's Notes
- The phytochemical inhibits bacteria and viruses, By its antimicrobial activity, allicin may be an effective therapeutic candidate to promote ulcer healing. In vitro-studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureaus, Escherichia coli and Lancefield group B streptococci. AnticancerIn vitro studies show that allicin inhibits the invasion and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells. The phytochemical also exhibits antigenotoxic action. But the anticancer effect of allicin in humans remains uncertain, because of its low stability and poor bioavailability. Heart healthGarlic has been suggested to improve heart health by lowering blood pressure, but scientific studies have provided conflicting results. One study showed that the protective role of allicin against atherosclerosis, is not only the direct result of its antioxidant activity but also of other mechanisms, such as lipoprotein modification, inhibition of LDL uptake and degradation by macrophages.
- Flavonoids have antioxidant activity. Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health promoting effects. Some of the activities attributed to flavonoids include: anti-allergic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. The flavonoidsquercetin is known for its ability to relieve hay fever, eszema, sinusitis and asthma.Epidemiological studies have illustrated that heart diseases are inversely related to flavonoid intake. Studies have shown that flavonoids prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein thereby reducing the risk for the development of atherosclerosis.
- Beta-carotene has received a lot of attention as potential anti-cancer and anti-aging phytochemical. Beta-carotene is a powerful antioxidant, protecting the cells of the body from damage caused by free radicals. Studies indicate that diets low in beta-carotene can increase the body's susceptibility to damage from free radicals, resulting in an increased risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancers. Beta-carotene supplements may help reduce sun induced skin damage. Smokers should avoid large doses of beta carotene supplements. Beta-carotene is one of the many carotenoids that our body can convert into vitamin A (retinol).
- Lutein is an antioxidant which is believed to be an essential nutrient for normal vision. The protective role of lutein against eye damage is well document. Studies have also indicated that lutein improves heart health, protects our skin against UV damage, reduces diabetes induced oxidative stress, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
- Lycopene is a very efficient antioxidant, which can neutralize oxygen derived free radicals. The oxidative damage caused by these free radicals has been linked to many degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, premature aging, cancer and cataracts. In many countries it is legally allowed to advertise foods containing tomato lycopene as "containing antioxidants for the maintenance and support of healthy cells". Lycopene is generally known for its protective action against prostate cancer
- Anthocyanidins are the specific chemical compounds that are responsible for the pigmentation of various fruits and vegetables. Some of the most colorful foods have these powerful chemicals packed into them. But the health benefits of anthocyanidins are similar to those of other plant-based chemicals readily available in a wide range of plant foods.Anthocyanidins and other bioflavonoids are most widely known for their antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are remarkable for their healing power inside the body. These chemicals prevent the oxidization of certain compounds and fight attacks on the body from harmful chemicals. The health benefits of antioxidants include anti-carcinogen qualities, better heart health, and a range of other positive effects. Anthocyanidins in particular have also been shown to have a positive effect on collagen, the tissues under the skin.