1.
2019
ANCY M VARGHESE
ROLL NO: 02
ENGLISH(OPTIONAL)
B.Ed Sem 1
MOUNT TABOR TRAINING COLLEGE.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT

2.
INTRODUCTION
Web service is a service offered by an electronic device to another electronic device,
communicating with each other via the World Wide Web. In practice, a Web service
commonly provides an object oriented Web-based interface to a database server, utilized for
example by another Web server, or by a mobile app, that provides a user interface to the end
user. Many organizations that provide data in formatted HTML pages will also provide that
data on their server as XML or JSON, often through a Web service to allow syndication, for
example, Wikipedia's Export. Another application offered to the end user may be a mash up,
where a Web server consumes several Web services at different machines and compiles the
content into one user interface.
Web services are self-contained, modular, distributed, dynamic applications that can
be described, published, located, or invoked over the network to create products, processes,
and supply chains. These applications can be local, distributed, or web-based. Web services
are built on top of open standards such as TCP/IP, HTTP, Java, HTML, and XML.Web
services are XML-based information exchange systems that use the Internet for direct
application-to-application interaction. These systems can include programs, objects,
messages, or documents. A web service is a collection of open protocols and standards used
for exchanging data between applications or systems. Software applications written in various
programming languages and running on various platforms can use web services to exchange
data over computer networks like the Internet in a manner similar to inter-process
communication on a single computer. This interoperability (e.g., between Java and Python, or
Windows and Linux applications) is due to the use of open standards.
A complete web service is, therefore, any service that is available over the Internet or
private (intranet) networks. It uses a standardized XML messaging system. It is not tied to
any one operating system or programming language. It is self-describing via a common XML
grammar. It is discoverable via a simple find mechanism.
This assignment involves web services, including e-mail, chat and online forums.

3.
E-mail
Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between
people using electronic devices. Invented by Ray Tomlinson, email first entered limited use
in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email
operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet. Some early email
systems required the author and the recipient to both is online at the same time, in common
with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.
Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their
computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly,
typically to a mail server or a webmail interface for as long as it takes to send or receive
messages.
Chat
Chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time
transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in
order to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a spoken
conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based online
communication forms such as Internet forums and email. Online chat may address point-to-
point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many
receivers and voice and video chat, or may be a feature of a web conferencing service.
Online chat in a less stringent definition may be primarily any direct text-based or
video-based (webcams), one-on-one chat or one-to-many group chat (formally also known as
synchronous conferencing), using tools such as instant messengers, Internet Relay Chat
(IRC), talkers and possibly MUDs. The expression online chat comes from the word chat
which means "informal conversation". Online chat includes web-based applications that
allow communication – often directly addressed, but anonymous between users in a multi-
user environment. Web conferencing is a more specific online service, that is often sold as a
service, hosted on a web server controlled by the vendor.

4.
Online Forums
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can
hold conversations in the form of posted messages.[1] They differ from chat rooms in that
messages are often longer than one line of text, and are at least temporarily archived. Also,
depending on the access level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to
be approved by a moderator before it becomes publicly visible.Forums have a specific set of
jargon associated with them; example: a single conversation is called a "thread", or topic.
A discussion forum is hierarchical or tree-like in structure: a forum can contain a
number of subforums, each of which may have several topics. Within a forum's topic, each
new discussion started is called a thread and can be replied to by as many people as so
wish.Depending on the forum's settings, users can be anonymous or have to register with the
forum and then subsequently log in to post messages. On most forums, users do not have to
log in to read existing messages.

5.
CONCLUSION
A Web service involves a service provider and a service requester (client). Because
Web services feature language transparency, it doesn’t matter whether the underlying system
that provides the service is written in Java while the client is written in Perl, Python or Ruby.
For example, through Web services a Windows server can interact with a Linux server or
serve an application to computer desktops, laptops or smart phones and other mobile devices
over the World Wide Web.
Web services allow various applications to talk to each other and share data and
services among themselves. Other applications can also use the web services. For example, a
VB or .NET application can talk to Java web services and vice versa. Web services are used
to make the application platform and technology independent. Web services use standardized
industry standard protocol for the communication. All the four layers (Service Transport,
XML Messaging, Service Description, and Service Discovery layers) use well-defined
protocols in the web services protocol stack. This standardization of protocol stack gives the
business many advantages such as a wide range of choices, reduction in the cost due to
competition, and increase in the quality. Web services use SOAP over HTTP protocol, so you
can use your existing low-cost internet for implementing web services. This solution is much
less costly compared to proprietary solutions like EDI/B2B. Besides SOAP over HTTP, web
services can also be implemented on other reliable transport mechanisms like FTP.
Web Services, therefore, are the means by which devices communicate over the World Wide
Web. Whether you use a mobile application, search engine or an enterprise system, the user
piece of the application (the interface) resides on your device. The data, and potentially the
business rules, live on some other server on the network. How your interface communicates
with the server piece is the role of Web Services.

6.
Reference
“Web Service.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Oct. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service.
“Email.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email.
“What Is Chat?” Computer Hope, 31 Jan. 2019, www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/chat.htm.
“Internet Forum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Sept. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum.
Tutorialspoint.com. “Top 10 Online Forums.” Www.tutorialspoint.com,
www.tutorialspoint.com/articles/top-10-online-forums.