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"Why is Africa (still) Poor?" by Ruth Haug (Professor, Development, UMB)
Why is Africa (still)
poor?
Professor Ruth Haug
Noragric/UMB
April 2013
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Why is Africa (still) poor?
Historical
Cultural
Economic
Political
Violent Conflicts
Climate, Natural
resources
Population increase
Social/Gender equity
Structural
Timing
Bad luck
Africa is
not poor.
Africa is
just poorly
managed
Architect Mumo Museva,
Kenya
3
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Global Monitoring Reports 2012:
(WB&IMF, 2012; UNDP/MDG, 2012)
--MDG 1 on poverty is met.
No of people living in extreme poverty & poverty
rates fell in every developing region—including
Africa. In the developing regions, the proportion
of people living on less than $1.25 a day
* from 47 % (1990) to 24 % (2008).
*In Africa: 386 million poor (47%) 2008.
--MDG 1 on hunger
Only 40 out of 90 countries are on
track to reach the MDG 1 on
hunger.
4
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
The State of Food Insecurity in
the World (FAO, 2012; UNDP 2012)
870 mill people are undernourished
(in terms of dietary energy supply) in the
period 2010–12. 12.5 % of the
global population, or one in eight
people. Of these, 852 mill people
live in developing countries.
More than one in four Africans -
close to 218 million people - is
undernourished
5
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no 6
 Africa can feed the world
The president of the International Fund for 
Agricultural Development (IFAD) Dr Kanayo 
Nwanze claims that, by focusing on farming, 
Africa has the potential to feed not only itself 
but the rest of the world (www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-
matters/2011/jul/27/africa-potential-to-feed-world)
• 
                                   
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Poverty and Food Insecurity
 Underlying causes of food insecurity in Africa:
– Misguided policies
– Weak institutions
– Market failure (UNDP, 2012)
 Structural causes and neglect of agro-investment in
developing countries (Diouf, 2011)
There is no such thing as an
apolitical food problem. (Aamartya Sen)
7
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Securing availability and affordability of
food in Tanzania (Haug & Hella 2013)
Poverty and food insecurity
– Poverty 34% (37%)
– Food insecurity 34% (44%?)
Agricultural development
– Low ag productivity
– 80% employed in farming
Food and agriculture policy
– Mix state control and market liberalism
– Farmers pay the price of food security?
– Trust, predictability and accountability
8
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Food dilemmas framing future food policy
(Haug, 2011)
Confusion around present/future food situation
Balancing the food prices
Global food policy failure – national actions
Political problem – technical solutions
”Food and Fredom” Democracy-the Arabic spring
The African agriculture disaster
Food relief and long term ag. Development
Agro-investment and land grabbing
Climate change
“The Global Food Waste Scandal” (Tristram Stuart/Sofie price)
9
NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES
www.umb.no
Making a difference
Re-imagine development:
Keep challenging our assumptions
and theories of change about
development (IDS Bulletin, 2011; John Lennon, 1971)
Uncertainty: Chaos and complexity
–“Crisis” needed to initiate action?
–Diverse responses needed
10

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"Why is Africa (still) Poor?" by Ruth Haug (Professor, Development, UMB)

  • 2. Why is Africa (still) poor? Professor Ruth Haug Noragric/UMB April 2013
  • 3. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Why is Africa (still) poor? Historical Cultural Economic Political Violent Conflicts Climate, Natural resources Population increase Social/Gender equity Structural Timing Bad luck Africa is not poor. Africa is just poorly managed Architect Mumo Museva, Kenya 3
  • 4. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Global Monitoring Reports 2012: (WB&IMF, 2012; UNDP/MDG, 2012) --MDG 1 on poverty is met. No of people living in extreme poverty & poverty rates fell in every developing region—including Africa. In the developing regions, the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day * from 47 % (1990) to 24 % (2008). *In Africa: 386 million poor (47%) 2008. --MDG 1 on hunger Only 40 out of 90 countries are on track to reach the MDG 1 on hunger. 4
  • 5. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no The State of Food Insecurity in the World (FAO, 2012; UNDP 2012) 870 mill people are undernourished (in terms of dietary energy supply) in the period 2010–12. 12.5 % of the global population, or one in eight people. Of these, 852 mill people live in developing countries. More than one in four Africans - close to 218 million people - is undernourished 5
  • 6. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no 6  Africa can feed the world The president of the International Fund for  Agricultural Development (IFAD) Dr Kanayo  Nwanze claims that, by focusing on farming,  Africa has the potential to feed not only itself  but the rest of the world (www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty- matters/2011/jul/27/africa-potential-to-feed-world) •                                     
  • 7. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Poverty and Food Insecurity  Underlying causes of food insecurity in Africa: – Misguided policies – Weak institutions – Market failure (UNDP, 2012)  Structural causes and neglect of agro-investment in developing countries (Diouf, 2011) There is no such thing as an apolitical food problem. (Aamartya Sen) 7
  • 8. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Securing availability and affordability of food in Tanzania (Haug & Hella 2013) Poverty and food insecurity – Poverty 34% (37%) – Food insecurity 34% (44%?) Agricultural development – Low ag productivity – 80% employed in farming Food and agriculture policy – Mix state control and market liberalism – Farmers pay the price of food security? – Trust, predictability and accountability 8
  • 9. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Food dilemmas framing future food policy (Haug, 2011) Confusion around present/future food situation Balancing the food prices Global food policy failure – national actions Political problem – technical solutions ”Food and Fredom” Democracy-the Arabic spring The African agriculture disaster Food relief and long term ag. Development Agro-investment and land grabbing Climate change “The Global Food Waste Scandal” (Tristram Stuart/Sofie price) 9
  • 10. NORWEGIANUNIVERSITYOFLIFESCIENCES www.umb.no Making a difference Re-imagine development: Keep challenging our assumptions and theories of change about development (IDS Bulletin, 2011; John Lennon, 1971) Uncertainty: Chaos and complexity –“Crisis” needed to initiate action? –Diverse responses needed 10

Notas del editor

  1. H: slavery, colonial times. Cultural: Extended family not individual drive. Economic: external/internal: corruption taxes, bad agreements, marked access. Political: structural adjustment (external), IMF, internal: bad governance. Population: 2 billion in 2050