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Writing skills tips and techniques for better writing
1. Effec%ve
Wri%ng
How
to
write
clear,
precise
texts
Tips
and
techniques
Communica%ng
Europe+
www.communica%ngeu.com
2. We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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3. Communica%ng
Europe+
We
are
a
communica%ons
training
company
with
offices
in
London
and
Brussels.
We
train
people
to
speak
and
write
about
their
issues,
policy
areas,
products
and
services.
For
informa%on
on
how
we
can
help
to
train
you
and
your
staff
contact
us
at
info@communica%ngeu.com
You
are
welcome
to
share
these
notes
with
your
friends
and
colleagues
but
not
for
commercial
purposes.
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can
train
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well.
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5. Modern
business
wri%ng
Clear
Concise
Simple
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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6. Ques%ons
to
ask
when
you
plan
your
wri%ng
1. What
precisely
is
the
central
issue?
2. To
what
degree
do
your
readers
understand
the
issues
and
terminology?
3. What
ideas
that
need
to
be
expressed
and
which
can
be
leV
out?
4. How
do
you
structure
your
text
so
that
your
readers
follow
you?
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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7. Wri%ng
%ps
Eight
essen%al
%ps
to
more
effec%ve
wri%ng
Email
us
at
info@communica%ngeu.com
for
a
free
checklist
8.
Tip
1
Use
shorter,
simpler
words
• Our
experts
postulate
that
the
evidence
is
conclusive
in
suppor%ng
our
asser%on.
• Our
experts
claim
that
the
evidence
supports
our
idea.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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9. We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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or
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10. Postulate
pos·∙tu·∙late
[v.
pos-‐chuh-‐leyt;
n.
pos-‐chuh-‐lit,
-‐leyt]
Show
IPA
verb
(used
with
object),
pos·∙tu·∙lat·∙ed,
pos·∙tu·∙lat·∙ing.1.to
ask,
demand,
or
claim.
2.to
claim
or
assume
the
existence
or
truth
of,
especially
as
a
basis
for
reasoning
o
r
arguing.
3.to
assume
without
proof,
or
as
self-‐evident;
take
for
granted.
4.Mathema+cs,
Logic.
to
assume
as
a
postulate.
Noun
5.something
taken
as
self-‐evident
or
assumed
without
proof
as
a
basis
for
reasoning.
6.Mathema+cs,
Logic.
a
proposi%on
that
requires
no
proof,
being
self-‐
evident,
or
that
is
for
a
specificpurpose
assumed
true,
and
that
is
used
in
the
proof
of
other
proposi%ons;
axiom.
7.a
fundamental
principle.
8.a
necessary
condi%on;
prerequisite.
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can
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11.
Tip
2
Important
informa%on
first
• Even
with
the
differences
of
opinions,
the
members
of
the
working
groups
agreed
to
conclude
the
nego%a%on.
• Members
of
the
working
group
agreed
to
conclude
the
nego%a%on
despite
some
differences
in
opinion.
We
can
train
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staff
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12. Tip
3
Use
verbs
that
carry
meaning
• Please
do
an
invoice
and
send
it
to
the
project
lead
partner.
• Please
invoice
the
project
lead
partner.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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13. Verbs
are
meaning
Tip
for
business
wri%ng
Write
with
nouns
and
verbs.
Minimise
your
use
of
adjec%ves
and
adverbs
(you’re
not
wri%ng
a
novel).
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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14.
Tip
4
Use
ac%ve
sentences
• Such
revision
procedures
should
be
achieved
at
the
shortest
possible
delay
possible
by
the
secretariat.
• The
secretariat
should
revise
the
procedures
as
soon
as
possible.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
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15.
Tip
5
Avoid
redundant
words
• Due
to
the
ongoing
,
not
yet
conclusive,
discussions
we
will
need
to
delay
the
decision
• We
will
need
to
delay
the
decision
due
to
ongoing
discussions
We
can
train
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staff
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16. Redundant
or
not?
• When
is
it
necessary
to
include
two
words
that
mean
the
same
thing?
• “Our
processes
are
efficient
and
effec+ve”
Ques%on
-‐
Is
it
necessary
to
include
both
the
process
and
the
outcome?
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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17.
Tip
6
Avoid
star%ng
sentences
with
the
gerund
(ing
form)
• Being
aware
of
the
president’s
nega%ve
opinion
we
have
prepared
a
statement
• We
have
prepared
a
statement
as
we
are
aware
of
the
president’s
nega%ve
opinion
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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18. Sentences
should
be
simple
• Subject
+
Verb
+
Object
S
+
V
+
O
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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19.
Tip
7
Avoid
meaningless
words
• Basically,
the
fundamental
problem
is
capacity
• The
main
problem
is
capacity
We
can
train
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staff
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20. Adverbs
are
salt
‘n’
pepper
Write
with
verbs
and
nouns
• Write
with
verbs
and
nouns.
The
rest
is
fluff.
• Adverbs
modify
your
verbs
like
salt
‘n’
pepper
adds
flavour
to
your
meal.
• If
you
cook
with
the
right
ingredients
you
don’t
need
to
add
salt
‘n’
pepper.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
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21.
Tip
8
Be
careful
with
jargon
• This
programme
provides
funding
for
beneficiaries
from
third
countries
• The
aim
is
to
mainstream
these
ideas
into
regional
policy
ini%a%ves
• The
project
ac%ons
need
to
be
executed
by
next
month
We
can
train
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staff
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write
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22. Recap
1. Use
shorter
simple
words
2. Put
important
informa%on
at
the
beginning
3. Use
verbs
that
carry
meaning
4. Use
ac%ve
verbs
and
sentences
5. Avoid
redundant
words
and
phrases
6. Avoid
star%ng
sentences
with
gerund
(ing
forms)
7. Avoid
meaningless
phrases
8. Be
careful
with
jargon
and
ins%tu%onal
language
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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23. Readability
On-‐line
U%lity
tool
to
assess
the
readability
of
your
documents
This
helps
for
wri%ng
for
the
web
and
social
media
too!
24. On-‐line
U%lity
-‐
a
tool
to
help
you
test
readability
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
call
+32
473
391890
25. On-‐line
U%lity
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
call
+32
473
391890
26. On-‐line
U%lity
tool
for
readability
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
call
+32
473
391890
Number
of
words
and
sentences
per
text
Average
number
of
words
per
sentence
Gunning
Fog
–
how
many
years
of
academy
study
you
need
to
understand
Flesch
reading
ease
100
=
easy
0
=
very
difficult
27. Paragraphs
and
sentences
Structure
–
the
importance
of
paragraphs
and
sentences
Contact
us
at
info@communica%ngeu.com
For
details
on
wri%ng
paragraphs
28. Paragraphs
–
the
big
idea
• Paragraphs
have
a
big
idea.
They
should
start
with
a
topic
sentence.
• A
topic
sentence
helps
the
reader
understand
the
focus
of
the
paragraph.
• A
topic
sentence
allows
reader
to
‘skim’
the
en%re
text
for
general
meaning.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
call
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391890
29. Paragraph
Building
• Begin
with
a
Topic
Sentence
• A
paragraph
signifies
a
shiV
in
focus
and
the
topic
sentence
emphasises
this.
• You
can
put
a
topic
sentence
in
the
middle
of
a
paragraph
or
even
last,
it
is
usually
best
to
use
it
to
open
the
paragraph.
• It
also
allows
the
reader
to
skim
the
text:
to
read
quickly
for
general
meaning
or
gist.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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or
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30. Bridging
between
paragraphs
• Each
paragraph
should
provide
transi%on
in
the
paragraph
opener.
The
reader
can
then
immediately
deduce
whether
the
new
paragraph
strengthens
a
point
made,
contrasts
with
it,
or
follows
it
in
some
way.
• A
good
paragraph
opener
could
establish
a
connec%on
by
using
any
of
the
following:
• Poin%ng
words
–
i.e.
words
like
this,
that,
these,
those,
which
refer
to
preceding
words.
• Echo
links
–
words
or
phrases
which
repeat
a
previous
idea.
• Explicit
connec%ves
–
words
which
provide
transi%ons,
e.g.
also,
further,
therefore.
We
can
train
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staff
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31. Sentences
• Sentences
contain
one
idea
• They
should
have
a
simple
structure
• Subject
+
Verb
+
Object
• Sentences
can
have
up
to
two
clauses
which
are
separated
by
a
comma
We
can
train
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32. Sentences
and
clauses
• Defining
rela%ve
clause
An
agreement
that
encourages
a
risk
based
approach
for
regula%ons
is
paramount.
• Non
defining
rela%ve
clause
An
agreement
that
encourages
a
risk
based
approach
for
regula%ons,
based
on
principles
of
sound
science,
risk
assessment
and
risk
management,
and
transparency
is
paramount.
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
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33. What
can
you
do
to
develop
your
wri%ng?
Use
these
8
;ps
as
a
checklist
Sleep
on
it
and
then
proofread
Use
the
on-‐line
u;lity
tool
Get
some
training!
We
can
train
your
staff
to
write
well.
info@communica%ngeu.com
or
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473
391890
Contact
us
at
info@communica%ngeu.com
For
details
of
our
wri%ng
skills
courses
34. Download
our
stuff
from
Slideshare
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35. Follow
us
on
Twirer
We
can
train
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36. Follow
us
on
Google+
We
can
train
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37. Like
us
on
Facebook
We
can
train
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