3. 1. 引言
1.1 为什么要讲这个题目
▫ 科技文献数量巨大,而且继续增长
▫ 2006 年总共1,350,000 篇论文发表在23,750 个期刊中
Björk, Bo-Christer, Annikki Roos, and Mari Lauri. "Global annual volume of peer reviewed scholarly
articles and the share available via different Open Access options." Proceedings ELPUB2008
Conference on Electronic Publishing–Toronto. Vol. 2. 2008.
▫ Web of Science索引年增幅2.5%(1995-2007)
NSF, Science and Engineering Indicators: 2010
Learned Publishing, 2010, 23, 258
5. 1. 引言
1.1 为什么要讲这个题目
参照Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic
1.2 科技文献种类
Chemistry
• Primary sources – Journals, patents, dissertations, reports, etc.
• Secondary sources – Abstracts(文摘)
▫ e.g. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
> 两个数据库:CAplus: bibliographic information and abstracts; Registry: substances
> CAS Source Index (CASSI):所有的publication
> Subject Coverage and Arrangement of Abstracts by Sections in Chemical Abstracts:
一共有80个section
> 6部索引:Chemical Substance Index, General Subject Index, Formula Index, Index of
Ring systems, Patent Index, Author Index
6. 1. 引言
1.1 为什么要讲这个题目
1.2 科技文献种类
• Primary sources – Journals, patents, dissertations, reports, etc.
• Secondary sources – Abstracts(文摘)
▫ e.g. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
> 两个数据库:CAplus: bibliographic information and abstracts; Registry: substances
> CAS Source Index (CASSI):所有的publication
> Subject Coverage and Arrangement of Abstracts by Sections in Chemical Abstracts:
一共有80个section
> 6部索引:Chemical Substance Index, General Subject Index, Formula Index, Index of
Ring systems, Patent Index, Author Index
7. 1. 引言
1.1 为什么要讲这个题目
1.2 科技文献种类
• Primary sources – Journals, patents, dissertations, reports, etc.
• Secondary sources – Abstracts(文摘)
• Tertiary sources – Reviews, Handbooks
• 其他形式的文献
▫ Textbooks, Edited books, book series
An edited book features articles or other
material on the same subject but by
different authors collected together in one
book by an editor.
43. MCT能够预测短程吸引作用粒子的kinetic arrest
不同的和Singularity例1:什么是attractive glass?
所谓attractive glass是在MCT的框架内的概念。按照MCT预测,phi>0.40,从排斥到吸引的相互作用相图
都能预测出来,发现有两种glass。
MCT怎么预测的?
Phys. Rev. E 59:R1347, 63:011401
Tau: dimensionless temperature.
MD模拟结果:Phys. Rev. E 65:050802, 66:041402(详尽结果)
实验体系Science 296:104, PRL 89:125701
MCT计算预测结果:
MCT计算预测结果:
随着吸引势增加,平台出现,消失,再出现。新出现的平台尺度比旧平台小,时间比旧平台短,说明
引力造成的localization效应强(活动空间距离小),但束缚力弱,逃脱时间短。
实验结果:
f(q,t)的平台先出现(A)再消失(B,C)再出现(D,E),与MCT预测结果相符。
更仔细的实验结果(考虑了aging)见Phys. Rev. E 69:011503
PRL 89:125701
Singularity的问题:
在此点附近有logarithmic characteristic of the correlation function。MCT预测此点是唯一的:(phi*, T*,
ξ*),实验和模拟只能模到此点的附件,找到logarithmic行为PRL 84:5431, 88:098301, Science 296:104,
Phys. Rev. E 66:041402
的问题:
在此点附近有logarithmic characteristic of the correlation function。MCT预测此点是唯一的:(phi*, T*,
ξ*),实验和模拟只能模到此点的附件,找到logarithmic行为PRL 84:5431, 88:098301, Science 296:104,
Phys. Rev. E 66:041402
MCT能够预测短程吸引作用粒子的kinetic arrest
不同的volume fraction, attraction和attraction range
Suggests that the underlying 'ideal glass transition', found within MCT, could provide a universal mechanism
for homogeneous gelation??in which the arrested state is viewed as an attraction-driven glass. (J. Phys.
Condens. Matter 16:S4861的语言。
Phys. Rev. E 59:5706, 63:011401, 59:R1347, 69:011401
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15:S869
MCT对于Heterogeneous gel(特别是低浓度)的适用性?
说phase separation的dense phase是attractive glass:
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16:S4861
J. Chem. Phys. 122:224903 (数值模拟)
又有人说低密度直接成为percolation,没有phase separation(也没去supress)
EPL 72:1032
A. Puertas, M. Fuchs, M. Cates等人的模拟工作
Liquid-gas phase separation at long wavelengths可以通过叠加长程排斥来suppress
If no barrier were used, because the simulation is small compared to a real system, substantial phase
separation on the length scale of the simulation box would occur quite rapidly. Ref. Phys. Rev. E 67:031406, J.
Phys., Condens. Matter 16:S4861
但是加了Long range repulsion也会带来问题。Under certain cercumstances, long-range
repulsive barriers are known to cause microphase separation. Ref. Phys. Rev. E 59:R6255,
J. Chem. Phys. 110:4582, PCCP 4:949. In that case, the regions of high and low particle
density arrange in a periodically ordered pattern, causing one or more Bragg peaks at low
q in equilibrium.
J. Phys. Chem. B 109:6666
PRL 88:098301
Phys. Rev. E 67:031406
J. Chem. Phys. 121:2813
较浓体系的gelation,跟MCT的结果比较
模拟的结果显示明显的动态不均匀性,于是跟MCT的预测不符(MCT预测不出动态不均匀性?)
在低浓体系也能看到明显的动态不均匀性:J. Stat. Mech. 2008, L04002
对于凝胶体系的动态不均匀性,可以定义一个几何量:time-dependent mean cluster size, S(t), defined by
bonds that are present at both time 0 and time t. PRL 93:215701,发现低浓度下它跟dynamic susceptibility
基本重合,说明凝胶的dynamic susceptibility主要来自结构分布不均(cf glass)。当浓度增大,dynamic
susceptibility出现一个峰,是S(t)没有的。但若另定义一个新量:the mean cluster size of mobil particles,
Sm(t), where the clusters are made as before by particles connected by persistent bonds,
but restricted to particles that in the time interval [0, t] have moved at least a
distance r0 那么Sm(t)和dynamic susceptibility的峰就重合了。Nat. Mater. 1:145, PRL
92:148302
MCT也可以预测出动态不均匀性呀:Europhys. Lett. 67:21
MCT也可以预测出Kinetic arrest?
Phys. Rev. E 59:5706, 63:011401, 59:R1347, 69:011401
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15:S869
主要证据直接截图,
附论文出处,简短评
述
发现不同观点,copy
原话,附出处
未完全理解,有待进一
步阅读,打问号,附出
处
44. 例2:谁做过SRFS?
Phys. Rev. E 58:3515 MD模拟
理论计算:
主要证据直接截图,
附论文出处,简短评
述
J. Chem. Phys. 116 6228 time -- shear rate superposition Lennard-Jones模型——松弛时间与剪切速率有关
Giesekus模型
尝试屈服应力流体模型:
J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 86:133, 102:157, 145:1,
J. Rheol. 29:147, 53:245
Rheol. Acta 26:428
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.4271.pdf
J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 164:66
Soft Matter 7:2471
Eur. Phys. J. E 23:337
做了一个模型并亲测了SRFS。
疑问产生的缘由?自
己的实验结果。
47. 例3:撰写论文的过程
学习的知识:
1. 明胶科学
2. 超弹性网络模型
橡胶弹性本构方程的review:
Rubber Chem. Technol. 79:835, 73:504
Gelat in的st rain hardening的连续介质模型:
BST:
Blatz, Sharda and Tschoegl Trans. Soc. Rheol .
18:145
用在gelat in:
Polymer 26:1483
Polym. Gels. Netw. 4:189
介观模型(珠簧网络)
J. Chem. Phys. 100:1649, 100:1657
Macromolecules 28:6284
用在明胶:
J. Chem. Phys. 104:9209
(要用到df参数,解析解太复杂,用MC模拟)
The transition zone for gelatin gels as
measured by high-frequency rheology
From <http://www.euronet.nl/users/bota/isj-tex.htm>
http://uas.gd.calis.edu.cn:8090/amconsole/AuthServices?
verb=login&goto=http://ill.gd.calis.edu.cn/gateway/Default.aspx
Str ain-energy based models:
Drozdov模型用在gelat in:Polymer 46:4928,
46:4938
Gent : Rubber Chem. Technol . 69:59, 72:263
Creton: Soft Mat ter 5:1440, 8:774
C. Horgan发了很多相关文章。
Gent的分子结构基础:
The Gent model is a simple and accurate
approximat ion of the Ar ruda-Boyce model ,
which is based on the stat ist ical mechanics of a
mater ial wi th a cubic representat ive volume
element containing eight chains along the
diagonal di rections. J. Elast ici ty 68:167, 70:65
更详细:
Proc. R. Soc. A 457:1999
Math. Mechanical . Sol ids7:353
MacKintosh半柔网络模型:
Nonl inear elast ici ty of biopolymer gels (theor y)
MacKintosh:Nature 435:191,PRL 75:4425
推导参考:J. Cel l Biol . 120:923
MacKintosh的chapter 8
相关:PRL 91:108102, 91:108103
单丝模型用于别的实验体系:
Science 276:1112
Nature 393:181
Biophys. J. 75:3008
J. Mol . Biol . 286:553
Nat . Mater . 1:232
Nonl inear elast ici ty of biopolymer gels (theor y)
MacKintosh:Nature 435:191,PRL 75:4425
推导参考:J. Cel l Biol . 120:923
MacKintosh的chapter 8
相关:PRL 91:108102, 91:108103
单丝模型用于别的实验体系:
Science 276:1112
Nature 393:181
Biophys. J. 75:3008
J. Mol . Biol . 286:553
Nat . Mater . 1:232
有一个简化公式:M 28:8759
Model of l imi t ing chain extensibi li ty
Review: Rubber Chem. Technol. 73:504
Const i tut ive model based on MacKintosh:
ActaBiomater ial ia4:597
Nonl inear viscoelast ic model :
Nonaffine deformation and reorganizat ion of the
networ k explains the non-l inear elast ici ty -- PRL
95:178102
evidence: New J. Phys. 9:428
Macromolecules 44:140
Giesekus model原始文献
H. Giesekus, Rheol. Acta 21:366
J. Non-Newt . Fluid Mech. 11:69, 12:367
Bi rd的书eq. (7.3-3), p.353.
Improvement: J. Non-Newt . Fluid Mech. 57:119
按Giesekus model计算振荡剪切行为:
J. Rheol . 52:1427
Rheol . Acta 49:213
J. Non-Newt . Fluid Mech. 165:1564
Semi flexible biopolymer s such as
Cel lulose ?
F-act in:
J. Biol . Chem. 269:32503, 275:35886
Soft Mater 4:1675
48. 例3:撰写论文的过程
学习的知识:
1. 明胶科学
2. 超弹性网络模型
3. Smoluchowski聚
集模型
Ini t ial growth obeys the scal ing of the dimensionless
aggregat ion t ime tp
<Rh> ~ tp in RLCA: Chem. Eng. Sci . 59:1783
M. Morbidel li 's works:
The Smoluchowski can be rewr it ten so that the
aggregat ion kinet ics dependence on stabi l i ty rat io Wand
ini t ial par t icle volume fract ion ϕ0, as long as df and λ are
fixed, leading to a master agregat ion cur ve for fixed
values of df and λ.
<R> ~ tp, and G' ~ tp: J. Phys. Chem. B 108:20105
More parameters:
J. Phys. Chem. B 116:7066
Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 83:926
Chem. Eng. Processing 45:936
Langmui r 21:2062
…t oo many si mi l ar ar t i cl es.
The basic pr inciple is summar ized in
Dimensionl
ess Agg...
Ref: Adv. Col loid Inter f. Sci . 108-109:133, 103:33
J. Col loid Interf. Sci . 268:106
AIChE J. 49:1542
Exper iment: scal ing of st ructure factor PRL 68:3327,
successful ly modeled by Smoluchowski equat ion (Phys.
Rev. E 20:4068, PRL 74:282).
详细的总结打在
一个word文件,嵌
在笔记中,可双击
详细查看。
Problem of Morbidel li 's work:
1. Only tested in the pre-gel regime?
2. How about the relaxat ion t ime?
Master aggregat ion cur ve:
Before gelat ion (<Rh>):
Langmui r 23:10323, 25:12073
Macromolecules 42:9103
J. Phys. Chem. B 114:8838, 116:7066, 113:14962
PCCP 14:4906
Soft Mat ter 6:5425
Scal ing of di fferent condi tions:
Par t icle volume fract ion: Chem. Eng. Sci . 59:1783, J.
Phys. Chem. B 113:14962
coagulant concent rat ion: J. Phys. Chem. B 108:20105,
114:8838, Langmui r 25:12073, 21:2062, PCCP 14:4906,
Soft Mat ter 6:5425
pH: J. Phys. Chem. B 116:7066
Temperature: J. Phys. Chem. B 116:7066, Langmui r
23:10323
Type of sal t : J. Phys. Chem. B 116:7066
After gelat ion (G'):
Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 83:926
Langmui r 21:2062
J. Phys. Chem. B 108:20105
Soft Mat ter 6:5425
Scal ing of di fferent condi tions:
Coagulant concent rat ions: J. Phys. Chem. B 108:20105,
Scal ing of di fferent condi tions:
Coagulant concent rat ions: J. Phys. Chem. B 108:20105,
Langmui r 21:2062, Soft Mat ter 6:5425
Since inter connect ion kinetics leading to format ion of
par t iculate gels is far from under stood, i t is not obvious a
pr ior i that there should be kinetic master cur ves from
gelat ion in dimensionless t ime tau simi lar to those
deduced and obser ved experimental ly for aggregat ion
kinet ics. However, i t turns out that cer tain gelat ion
kinet ic master cur ves can be obser ved in slowly
aggregat ing concentrated col loidal disper sions.
Two-step model: aggregate -- inter connect ion
Phys. Rev. B 51:11348
Adv. Col loid Interf. Sci . 108-109:133
DLS resear ch of hydrogels: J. Phys. Chem. B 104:11019
DLS of nonergodic systems
Pusey and Megen: Physica A 157:705, Phys. Rev. A
43:5429
Model for DLS interpretat ion:
Kral l et al .: PRL 80:778
Solomon and Varadan: Phys. Rev. E 63:051402
Numer ical calculat ion of the populat ion balance equat ion
(PBE):
The Kumar -Ramkr ishna (KR) method:
Chem. Eng. Sci . 51:1311, 59:1783, J. Phys. Chem. B
116:120
凝胶也有两步decay:
PVA+交联剂体系:
Macromolecules 23:3284
Slow mode是cluster 的mobi li ty,fast mode是col lective
mot ion of t ransient network 。
从slow mode得到cluster的R_h.
c<c* , tau_s ~ q^2 (di ffusive)
c>c* , tau_s ~ q^0 (relaxat ion)
tau_s ~ tau_M (G'=G")
Macromolecules 28:2339, 29:1445
colloid体系:
PRL 80:778, 84:2275
Faraday Discuss. 123:237
Viscoelastic propert ies of physical ly crossl inked networks
J. Non-Newt . Fluid Mech. 43:247, 43:273, 43:289
Whereas at high temperatures the relaxat ion in the
system is dominated by par t icle col lision and di ffusion, at
the temperatures where the aggregat ion star ts to produce
更
第一手资料大家都很熟悉。需要指出的是只有Journals才是经过同行评议(peer-review)的。但不止是Journal可以在论文中引用。引用patents和dissertation也很常见,引用企业report的(如Laponite的论文)的也不少见。
第二手资料,这里的abstracts是指“文摘”,不是指论文的“摘要”。文摘现在用得少了,但以前是获得第一手资料的指引。现在则是文献统计研究的基本数据来源。
CAS分为两个数据库CAplus和Registry
CASSI是所有收录期刊列表
CA本身的信息量巨大,所以又出了若干辅助的索引:
Subject coverage and arrangement of abstracts by sections in chemical abstracts+6部索引
随着数据库技术和互联网技术的发展,现在使用SciFinder作为CAS的一个终端就可以了。
Edited books: An edited book features articles or other material on the same subject but by different authors collected together in one book by an editor.
每章都有不同的作者,编辑成具有一定主题的书,全书编辑由若干人承担。很多Edited books其实就是一些不同作者的论文集中成为一本书。有些只有一本书或若干本书,有些是干脆做成丛书(book series),跟期刊有点类似,但每册仍然有独立的书名title。例如Advances Polymer Science,很多人都把它当成期刊引用,其实它是丛书,每卷都有一个主题的,应该按照Chapters in Editied Book来引用。