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Queer Theory
Another way to see representations
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2
zikCUPPxw
Are you queer?
• Queer is by definition
whatever is at odds
with the normal, the
legitimate, the
dominant. There is
nothing in particular to
which it necessarily
refers. It is an identity
without an essence.
Dominant ideology and hegemony
• ―Normalising‖ gender roles
• White, male, heterosexual as the norm
• Institutionalised – politics, church,
education, the traditional family etc.
However, if you’re different then…

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO
mS3sb9oxE
Queer Theory
• Queer Theory rejects conventional or
mainstream behaviour, including sexual
identity, but also a range of identities
including race, disability and gender.
• It rejects the essentialist nature of
theories of identity based on binary
oppositions like
male/female, gay/straight and argues
there is another space outside which is
‗queer‘.
 It explores and challenges the way in which
heterosexuality is constructed as normal...
 And the way in which the media has limited
the representations of gay men and women.
 Suggests sexual identity is more fluid

 What media celebrity examples can you think
of?
Queer theory
Judith Butler
Judith Butler
• Suggests gender is not the result of
nature, but is socially constructed.
• Male and female behaviour roles are not the
result of biology but are constructed and
reinforced by society through media and
culture.
• Sees gender as a PERFORMANCE.
• She argues that there are a number of

exaggerated representations of
masculinity and femininity which cause

―gender trouble.‖
• (Any behaviour or representation that
disrupts culturally accepted notions of
gender.)
Who is?
Gregg Araki – a gay movie?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by
_4IDH5h1U
A heterosexual movie?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag
RzpnS_FGw
Gender Trouble
 In

her most influential book, Gender Trouble
(1990), Butler argued that feminism had made
a mistake by trying to assert that 'women'
were a group with common characteristics and
interests
 That approach, Butler said, performed 'an

unwitting regulation and reification of gender
relations' - reinforcing a binary view of gender

relations (men and women)
 She argued that, rather than opening up
possibilities for a person to form and choose
their own individual identity, feminism had
closed the options down
• ―There is no gender identity behind the
expressions of gender; ... identity is
performatively constituted by the very
"expressions" that are said to be its
results.‖ (Butler)
Queer Readings: This..

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAf
bp3YX9F0
Or this?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfb
jUmG8zGk
• ―Of course Top Gun isn‘t a ‗gay movie‘ —
but it‘s clearly, flag­rantly not a straight
one either.‖ (Mark Simpson)
• How does this work?
• Queer theory suggests there are
different ways of interpreting
contemporary media texts
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
• Sedgwick describes Queer Theory as: ―the
open mesh of
possibilities, gaps, overlaps, dissonance,
and resources, lapses and excesses of
meaning when the constituent elements
of anyone's gender, of anyone's
sexuality aren't made (or can't be made)
to signify monolithically‖ (1993)
• What does that mean?
Fluidity
 This

implication of ‗fluidity‘ allows us to
consider concepts such as transgenderism
(moving between genders), transsexualism
(physically changing gender), intersex (both
sexes present, affects 1 in 2000
babies), pansexual (sexual attraction not
based on gender) and trigender (a gender
outside of male or female) amongst others
 At it‘s most radical, it implies all currently
accepted definitions of sex, gender and
sexuality are questionable, if not redundant
Its influence

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1
l7JZA5LQc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W
YIOnm_HFc
And how it challenges
• From this

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEl
UaDumoOY
• To this

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvI
NLBeRPQM
• And this

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pG
Nwu-O7rJ8
Is this progress?

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football
/25661228
Finally
• Where does all of this leave
representation and collective identity?

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Queer theory

  • 1. Queer Theory Another way to see representations
  • 3. Are you queer? • Queer is by definition whatever is at odds with the normal, the legitimate, the dominant. There is nothing in particular to which it necessarily refers. It is an identity without an essence.
  • 4. Dominant ideology and hegemony • ―Normalising‖ gender roles • White, male, heterosexual as the norm • Institutionalised – politics, church, education, the traditional family etc.
  • 5. However, if you’re different then… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO mS3sb9oxE
  • 6. Queer Theory • Queer Theory rejects conventional or mainstream behaviour, including sexual identity, but also a range of identities including race, disability and gender. • It rejects the essentialist nature of theories of identity based on binary oppositions like male/female, gay/straight and argues there is another space outside which is ‗queer‘.
  • 7.  It explores and challenges the way in which heterosexuality is constructed as normal...  And the way in which the media has limited the representations of gay men and women.  Suggests sexual identity is more fluid  What media celebrity examples can you think of?
  • 10. Judith Butler • Suggests gender is not the result of nature, but is socially constructed. • Male and female behaviour roles are not the result of biology but are constructed and reinforced by society through media and culture. • Sees gender as a PERFORMANCE. • She argues that there are a number of exaggerated representations of masculinity and femininity which cause ―gender trouble.‖ • (Any behaviour or representation that disrupts culturally accepted notions of gender.)
  • 12. Gregg Araki – a gay movie? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by _4IDH5h1U
  • 13. A heterosexual movie? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag RzpnS_FGw
  • 14. Gender Trouble  In her most influential book, Gender Trouble (1990), Butler argued that feminism had made a mistake by trying to assert that 'women' were a group with common characteristics and interests  That approach, Butler said, performed 'an unwitting regulation and reification of gender relations' - reinforcing a binary view of gender relations (men and women)  She argued that, rather than opening up possibilities for a person to form and choose their own individual identity, feminism had closed the options down
  • 15. • ―There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender; ... identity is performatively constituted by the very "expressions" that are said to be its results.‖ (Butler)
  • 16. Queer Readings: This.. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAf bp3YX9F0
  • 18. • ―Of course Top Gun isn‘t a ‗gay movie‘ — but it‘s clearly, flag­rantly not a straight one either.‖ (Mark Simpson) • How does this work?
  • 19. • Queer theory suggests there are different ways of interpreting contemporary media texts
  • 20. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick • Sedgwick describes Queer Theory as: ―the open mesh of possibilities, gaps, overlaps, dissonance, and resources, lapses and excesses of meaning when the constituent elements of anyone's gender, of anyone's sexuality aren't made (or can't be made) to signify monolithically‖ (1993) • What does that mean?
  • 21. Fluidity  This implication of ‗fluidity‘ allows us to consider concepts such as transgenderism (moving between genders), transsexualism (physically changing gender), intersex (both sexes present, affects 1 in 2000 babies), pansexual (sexual attraction not based on gender) and trigender (a gender outside of male or female) amongst others  At it‘s most radical, it implies all currently accepted definitions of sex, gender and sexuality are questionable, if not redundant
  • 24. And how it challenges • From this • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEl UaDumoOY
  • 25. • To this • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvI NLBeRPQM
  • 26. • And this • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pG Nwu-O7rJ8
  • 27. Is this progress? • http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football /25661228
  • 28. Finally • Where does all of this leave representation and collective identity?