1. Created by: Arave

2. Flowchart

3. Example flowchart
Begin
Problem: Add 2 numbers
Pseudo code
1. Begin Read number 1
2. Read number 1
3. Read number 2
Read number 2
4. Add number 1 & number 2
5. End
Answer = no1 + no2
End

4. Example C Programming
#include <stdio.h> //Preprocessor Directives
int main ()
{
//Local Declaration
int a, b, sum;
//Statements
printf("Enter two numbersn: ");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
//Operation
sum = a + b;
//Output
printf("The total is:%d", sum);
getch ();
return 0;
}

5. C Structure
Preprocessor Directives
Global
Declaration
void main()
{
Local Declaration
Statements
}

6. Preprocessor Directives
 First statement executed by compiler
 Begin with a pound sign or hash ( # )
 Example : #include and #define

7. Header Files/Libraries
 Header files have the extension .h
 two ways to include a header file:
1. #include "stdio.h"
2. #include <stdio.h>

8. Example
#include <stdio.h> Header
#include <stlib.h> files
void main()
{
printf("Hello world!!!");
}

9. Input (printf)
 How to transfer/store the data to
computer
 Interactive – keyboard, touch
screen, mouse – response from user
 User understand type of input data

10. Example
void main()
{
int num1;
printf(“Key-in number: "); //Input
scanf(“%d”,&num1);
.
.
.
.
.
.
return 0;
}

11. Escape sequence functions
n New line
t Horizontal tab
v Vertical tab
b backspace
a Bell or a beep
backslash
’ Single quote
” double quote

12. Input (scanf)
 Address in which user input store
temporary
 Symbol ‘&’ referred to address to the
variable

13. Example
void main()
{
int num1; //variable
printf(“Key-in number: "); //Input
scanf(“%d”,&num1);
.
.
.
.
.
.
return 0;
}

14. Variable type scanf Format Specifier
int %d, %i
float %f
char %c
long int %ld
string %s
double %lf

15. Type of arithmetic operator
Type Meaning
* Multiplication
/ Division and integer division
Modulus
%
+ Addition
- Substraction

16. Unary Operator
Operator Example Description Equivalent Statements
++ i++; Postfix i=i+1; i+=1;
++ ++i; Prefix i=i+1; i+=1;
-- i--; Postfix i=i-1; i-=1;
-- --i; Prefix i=i-1; i-=1;

17. Order of precedence
• Arithmetic Operation Priority
High Priority
() left to right
++, -- left to right
* , /, % left to right
+,- left to right

18. Type of Relational Operator
Operator Description Example
== equal to x==y
> greater than x>y
< less than x<y
>= greater or x>=y
equal
<= less or equal x<=y
!= Not equal to x!=y

19. Type of Logical Operator
Operator Meaning Example
&& AND ((x<y)&&(x!=0))
|| OR ((x<y)||(x!=0))
! NOT !(x>=y)

20. Thank You!