Cloud Computing
Arcus Universe

The 21st century vision of
computing
•The creation of the Internet has marked the
foremost milestone towards achieving this
grand 21st century vision of “computer
utilities” by forming a worldwide system of
computer networks.
•Simply to provide IT as a Service
•Various computing paradigms have been
proposed and adopted to edge closer toward
achieving this grand vision.

The 21st century vision of computing

What is Cloud Computing?
•Cloud Computing is a general term used to
describe a new class of network based computing
that takes place over the Internet, basically a step
on from Utility Computing.
•In other words, this is a collection/group of
integrated and networked hardware, software
and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
•Using the Internet for communication and
transport provides hardware, software and
networking services to clients.
•These platforms hide the complexity and details

Cloud Summary
•Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet
based development and services.
•A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications
services and infrastructure:
–Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
–Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.
–Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to
traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you pay
for what you would want!

Delivery Models

Services
Application
Development
Platform
Storage
Hosting
Cloud Computing Service Layers
Description
Services – Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID,OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa
Services
Application
Focused
Infrastructure
Focused
Application – Cloud based software that eliminates the needfor local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online
Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA,iDisk, CloudNAS
Development – Software development platforms used tobuild custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such asSalesForce
Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically provided usingvirtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid
Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP,NaviSite, etc.

Impact of cloud computing on the
governance structure of IT organizations

If cloud computing is so great,
why isn’t everyone doing it?
•The cloud acts as a big black box, nothing inside
the cloud is visible to the clients
•Clients have no idea or control over what happens
inside a cloud
•Even if the cloud provider is honest, it can have
malicious system admins who can tamper with the
VMs and violate confidentiality and integrity
•Clouds are still subject to traditional data
confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy
issues, plus some additional attacks

Companies are still afraid to use clouds

•Delivery of raw, virtualize computing
infrastructure such as servers and storage as a
service to build applications. IaaS vendors let
enterprises customize infrastructure to their
application needs.
–Backup & Recovery Platforms providing services
to backup and recover file systems and raw data
stores on servers and desktop systems.
–Big Data Provides tools to automate and manage
infrastructure used for Big Data. These products
allow users to customize their configuration and
choose from a set of toolkits and languages.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
•Delivery of a virtualized application runtime
platform that has a software stack for developing
applications or application services. PaaS
applications and infrastructure are run and
managed by the services vendor.
–Business Intelligence (15) Platforms for the creation
of business intelligence applications such as
dashboards, reporting systems, and big data analysis.
–Database (6) These services offer scalable database
systems that ranging from relational database solutions
to massively scalable non-sql datastores.
–Development & Testing (9) These platforms are only

Software as a Service (SaaS)
•Cloud based delivery of complete software applications that run
on infrastructure the SaaS vendor manages. SaaS applications are
accessed over the Internet and typically charged on a subscription
basis.
–Billing (5)Application services to manage customer billing based on
usage and subscriptions to products and services.
–CRM (12)Platforms for CRM(Customer Relationship Management)
application that range from call center applications to sales force
automation.
–Collaboration (16)Platforms providing tools that allow users to
collaborate in workgroups, within enterprises, and across enterprises.
–Content Management (6)Services for managing the production and
access to content for web based applications.
–Document Management (5)Platforms of managing documents,
document production workflows, and providing workspaces for groups

•Financials (11)Applications for managing financial processes for companies that range from expense processing
and invoicing to tax management.
•Health and Wellness(2) Services for improving and managing people's health and well-being.
•Human Resources(8) Software for managing human resources functions within companies.
•IT Services Management(2) Software that helps enterprises manage IT Services delivery to services consumers
and manage performance improvement.
•Personal Productivity (5) Software that business users use on a daily basis in the normal course of business. The
typical suite includes applications for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations.
•Project Management(9) Software packages for managing projects. Features of packages may specialize the
offering for specific types of projects such as software development, construction, etc.
•Sales(8) Applications that are specifically designed for sales functions such as pricing, commission tracking, etc.
•Security(4) Hosted products for security services such as malware and virus scanning, single sign-on, etc.
•Social Networks(3) Platforms for creating and customizing social networking applications.

Cloud Software
•Software used to build cloud computing
environments, manage cloud environments, or
software used to build highly scalable cloud
applications. Products include both commercial
and open source software.
•Cloud Abstraction (4)Software libraries that
provide an abstraction layer to avoid cloud vendor
lock-in and build multi-cloud ready applications.
•Cloud Integration (3)Software that help
enterprises integrate with cloud infrastructure
servers from external providers.

•Distributed Compute(2) Software that manages elastic compute resources where applications can
dynamically acquire and use additional server resources.
•Infrastructure Management(12) Packages and tools for managing cloud scale systems that can be
used to create private clouds or used by service providers to build cloud offerings.
•Multi-Cloud Business Apps(2) Cloud enabled business applications that are available on multiple
cloud IaaS or PaaS solutions, e.g. AWS, Rackspace, IBM Smart Cloud, MS Azure, etc. Multi-Cloud
Business Apps offer enterprises with a choice of their cloud provider without customization.
•PaaS(3) Software for building a PaaS on a public or private cloud. PaaS software runs a select software
stack that enterprises standardize on.
•SaaS Data Security(4) These services enhance the security of using SaaS based systems by adding
encryption and/or additional access controls on SaaS data sets.
•Storage(5) Software to manage massively scalable storage solutions.

Opportunities and Challenges
•The use of the cloud provides a number of
opportunities:
–It enables services to be used without any
understanding of their infrastructure.
–Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
•It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they
would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.
•Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
•Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing
revenue stream.
–Data and services are stored remotely but
accessible from “anywhere”.

Opportunities and Challenges
•In parallel there has been backlash against
cloud computing:
–Use of cloud computing means dependence on
others and that could possibly limit flexibility and
innovation:
•The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google
and IBM, who may monopolise the market.
•Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of
mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.
–Security could prove to be a big issue:
•It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these
services ownership of data is not always clear.
–There are also issues relating to policy and
access:
•If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to?

Advantages of Cloud
Computing
•Lower computer costs:
–You do not need a high-powered and high-
priced computer to run cloud computing's
web-based applications.
–Since applications run in the cloud, not on the
desktop PC, your desktop PC does not need
the processing power or hard disk space
demanded by traditional desktop software.
–When you are using web-based applications,
your PC can be less expensive, with a smaller
hard disk, less memory, more efficient
processor...

Advantages of Cloud Computing
•Improved performance:
–With few large programs hogging your computer's
memory, you will see better performance from your PC.
–Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and
processes loaded into memory…
•Reduced software costs:
–Instead of purchasing expensive software
applications, you can get most of what you need for
free-ish!
–That is right - most cloud computing applications
today, such as the Google Docs suite, are totally free.

Advantages of Cloud Computing
•Instant software updates:
–Another advantage to cloud computing is that
you are no longer faced with choosing between
obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
–When the application is web-based, updates
happen automatically - available the next time
you log into the cloud.
–When you access a web-based application, you
get the latest version - without needing to pay
for or download an upgrade.
•Improved document format compatibility.
–You do not have to worry about the documents

Advantages of Cloud
Computing
•Unlimited storage capacity:
–Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
–Your computer's current 200 Gbyte hard drive is small
compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the
cloud.
–Whatever you need to store, you can.
•Increased data reliability:
–Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk
crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer
crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of
your data.
–That also means that if your personal computer

Advantages of Cloud
Computing
•Universal document access:
–That is not a problem with cloud computing,
because you do not take your documents with you.
–Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access
them whenever you have a computer and an
Internet connection.
–All your documents are instantly available from
wherever you are.
•Latest version availability:
–Another document-related advantage of cloud
computing is that when you edit a document at
home, that edited version is what you see when you

Advantages of Cloud
Computing
•Easier group collaboration:
–Sharing documents leads directly to better
collaboration.
–Many users do this as it is an important
advantages of cloud computing - multiple users can
collaborate easily on documents and projects.
–Because the documents are hosted in the cloud,
not on individual computers, all you need is an
Internet connection, and you are collaborating.
•Device independence.
–You are no longer tethered to a single computer
or network.

Architecture of Cloud

User Layer
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Security as a Service, Browser Security ,
Authentication

Service Provider Layer
Identity, Infrastructure , Privacy, Data transit ,
People and Identity , Audit and Compliance ,
Cloud integrity and Binding Issues
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VM Sprawl ,VM Escape, Infrastructure ,
Separation between Customers , Cloud
legal and Regularity issues, Identity and
Access management
Secure data at rest, Physical Security :
Network and Server
DATACENTER
LAYER
VM LAYER
VM Layer and Data Center layer
P. Sai Kiran LBRCE, APSCHE TTP 07-07-2012

Research issues in Cloud Computing
Environment
•Security Issues
–Availability of Service
–Data security
•confidentiality, for secure data transfer and access, and
auditability,
•Data Issues
–Data Lock-In
•Customer lock-in seems to be striking to Cloud Computing
providers
–Data Transfer Bottlenecks
•The applications are moved across the boundaries of clouds
may complicate data placement and transport
–Traffic management and analysis

Research issues in Cloud Computing
Environment
•Reputation Fate Sharing
–Reputation of the cloud as a whole may be affected by
one customer’s bad behaviour.
•Performance Issues
–Virtual Machine Migration
•Virtual Machine migration provides major benefit in cloud
computing through load balance across data centers. It also
provides robust and high response in data centers.
–Server consolidation
•Server consolidation is an efficient approach to minimize the
energy consumption for makes best use of resource
utilization
–Performance Unpredictability

Research issues in Cloud Computing
Environment
–Scalable Storage
•Cloud Computing important properties are infinite capacity
on-demand, no up-front cost, short-term usage for high
availability, data durability and scalability.
–Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed Systems
•The debugging of these bugs have to be done at large scale
in the production data centers as these bugs cannot be
reproduced in smaller configurations.
–Scaling Quickly
–Latency
–Energy management
•It has been estimated that the cost of powering and cooling
accounts for 53% of the total operational expenditure of data

Research issues in Cloud Computing
Environment
–Software Frameworks
•Cloud computing provides a persuasive platform for hosting significant
data-intensive applications.
•Some researchers are still working on a trade-off between performance
and energy-awareness.
–Novel cloud architectures
•Small size data centers vs large size data centers.
–Software Licensing
–Client incomprehension
–Ad-hoc standards as the only real standards

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