1. DECISION-MAKING
• George R.Terry “ Decision-making is the selection
based on some criteria from two or more possible
alternatives”.
• Felix M.Lopez “ A decision represents a judgment, a
final resolution of a conflict of needs, means or
goals, and a commitment to action made in face of
uncertainty, complexity and even irrationally”.
• Decision-making involves the process of
establishing goals, tasks and searching for
alternatives for a decision problem.

2. Characteristics of Decision-Making
1.Decision-maker has freedom to choose an alternative.
2.Decision-making may not be completely rational
3.Goal-oriented
4.Mental or intellectual process because the final decision
is made by the decision-maker
5.Decision may be expressed in words or may be implied
from behaviour
6.Choosing from among alternative course of operation
implies uncertainty about the final result of each
possible course of operation
7.Rational, thorough analysis and reasoning and weighing
consequences of the various alternatives.

3. Types of Decision-Making
1. Programmed Decisions (Routine &
Repetitive)
2. Non–Programmed Decisions
(Unique /Unusual Problems)
3. Strategic Decisions (Crucial
Importance-Diversification)
4. Tactical Decisions (Short term
problems & minor ones)

4. Decision Making Process
Specific Identification of Search for Evaluation of
Objectives Problems Alternatives Alternatives
Results Action Choice of
Alternatives