Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism

1. Asifur Rahman
01747137920
Department Of Pharmaceutical Scineces
NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

2. TISSUE
 Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected
cells that perform a similar function within an
organism.
 In other words,
Tissues are group of cell. In complex organisms, cells group
together with one another based on similar structure and
function to form tissues

3. CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUE
Human body is composed
of 4 basic types of tissue:
 Epithelium tissue…covering
 Connective tissue…support
 Muscle tissue…movement
 Nervous tissue…control

4. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
●The epithelial tissues are formed by cells that
cover the organ surfaces such as the surface of
the skin, the airways, the reproductive tract, and
the inner lining of the digestive tract.

5. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUE
 Epithelial Tissue consists of compactly arranged cells
which lie in one or more layers.
 Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the interior of
the body is known as endothelium.
 There is little amount of intercellular ground substances
between the cells. Which contains hyaluronic acid and
Ca++ salts which is secreted by the cells.
 Epithelial cells are packed tightly together, with almost no
intercellular spaces and only a small amount of
intercellular substance.
 Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually
separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of
connective tissue; basement membrane. The basement
membrane provides structural support for the
epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
 According to thickness
 “Simple” - one cell layer
 “Stratified” – more than one layer
 of cells (which are named
 according to the shape of the
 cells in the apical layer)
 According to shape:
“Squamous” – wider than tall
“Cuboidal” – as tall as wide
“Columnar” - taller than wide

7. CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHALIAL TISSUE

9. FUNCTION
 Protection:
 Epithelial cells from the skin protect underlying tissue from
mechanical injury, harmful chemicals, invading bacteria and from
excessive loss of water.
 Sensation:
 Specialized epithelial tissue containing sensory nerve endings is
found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the tongue.
 Secretion
 In glands, epithelial tissue is specialised to secrete specific
chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids.
 Absorption
 Certain epithelial cells lining the small intestine absorb nutrients
from the digestion of food.

10. FUNCTION
 Excretion
Epithelial tissues in the kidney excrete waste products from the body and
reabsorb needed materials from the urine. Sweat is also excreted from
the body by epithelial cells in the sweat glands.
 Diffusion
Simple epithelium promotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients.
 Cleaning
Ciliated epithelium assists in removing dust particles and foreign bodies
which have entered the air passages.
 Reduces Friction
The smooth, tightly-interlocking, epithelial cells that line the entire
circulatory system reduce friction between the blood and the walls of
the blood vessels.

11. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Connective tissue is the most abundant and
widely distributed tissue type found in the
human body. The role of connective tissue is
to protect, support, and bind together parts of
the body. When considering the
characteristics that make a tissue a
connective tissue.

12. STRUCTURE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Connective tissues function primarily
 to support the body and to bind or
 connect together all types of tissue.
 This tissue also provide a mechanical
 framework,which is skeleton,which play
 an important role in locomotion.
 This tissue is characterized by large amount of intercellular substance
which is called matrix.
 Connective tissue are relatively few cells which are widely spread from
each other .These living cells are responsible for the secretion of
matrix.

13. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
There are four types of connective tissues found in the human body:
1.Connective tissue proper
a.Loose Connective Tissue b.Dense Connective Tissue
i.Areolar
ii.Adipose i.Dense regular
iii.Reticular ii.Dense irregular
2.Cartilage
a.Hyaline
b.Elastic
c.Fibrocartilage
3.Bone (osseous tissue)
4.Blood

14. DIAGRAM OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH
ITS CLASSIFICATION

15. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
Loose Connective Tissue:
Loose connective tissue is the most common type of connective tissue in
vertebrates. It holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other
underlying tissues. It also surrounds the blood vessels and nerves.
3 Types:
i.Areolar
ii.Adipose
iii.Reticular
Dense connective tissue:
Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, has
fibers as its main matrix element. Dense connective tissue forms
strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments.
Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect
bones to bones at joints.
2 Types:
i.Dense regular
ii.Dense irregular

16. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
.
Loose Conective Tissue Dense connectiv Tissue

17. SPECILIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Cartilage:
Cartilage is a connective tissue with an abundant number of
collagen fibers in a rubbery matrix. It is both strong and
flexible..
Function:
 Cartilage provides
 support and
 cushioning

18. SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE

19. SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Bone:
Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix
 Two types of bone tissue exist:
 spongy and
 Compact
 Function:
 It provides support for muscle
 attachment and
 protects the internal organs.

20. SPECELIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Blood:
Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue consisting of some cells
suspended in a liquid intercellular substance known as plasma.
 Blood is composed of mainly two parts:
Plasma- composed of 92% water & 8%
solid
Blood cells (Example: RBC, WBC,
Platelets)
Functions :
 transports oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and nutrients around the body
 immune response.

21. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Functions
 Storage of energy
 Protection of organs
 Provision of structural framework for the body
 Connection of body tissues
 Connection of epithelial tissues to muscle tissues

22. NERVOUS TISSUE
Nervous tissue is responsible for sensing
stimuli and transmitting signals to and from
different parts of an organism. Neurons are
the basic unit of nervous tissue
The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue:
1) Brain
2) Spinal cord
3) Nerves

23. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF NERVOUS TISSUES
» Sensory Neurons are afferent: These neurons
transmit impulses from the sensory organs to the
spinal cord and the brain.
» Motor Neurons are efferent: They transmit impulses
from the brain or spinal cord to the specific organ or
muscle.
» Relay/Connector Neurons are Interneurons: These
neurons transmit impulses between the sensory
neurons and motor neurons. They are mostly present
within the brain or spinal cord.

24. NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Neuroglial provide nutrition and immune protection to the neurons. In
addition, they are responsible for the formation of myelin sheath and
maintaining homeostasis inside the neurons. There are five types of
neuroglial cells :
 Astroglial cell
 Ependymal cell
 Microglial cell
 Oligodendrocyte
 Schwann cell

25. FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE
 Conducts impulses to
 and from body organs via
 neurons
 Sensory input
 Integration
 Controls of muscles
 and glands
 Homeostasis
 Mental Activity

26. MUSCLE TISSUE
 Muscular tissue is composed of cells called muscle fibers.
Muscle fibers contain actins and myosin, which are protein
filaments whose interaction accounts for movemen muscle
tissue combined with
 nerves,
 blood vessels, and
 various connective tissues.
 Muscles are quite complex and as we’ll find out, they are a marvel
of both biology and physics.

27. CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE TISSUE
 The fibres of cardiac muscle has cross striations
and contain numerous nuclei.
 Nucleus can be clearly seen.
 Muscle tissue is formed with 75% of water and the
remaining is solid substance.
 Intercellular gaps are filled with different types of
tissue.
 Every cell is covered with sarcolemma and the
cytoplasm inside sarcolemma is called ‘sarcoplasm’

28. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE TISSUE

29. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
 Skeletal muscle is attached by tendons to the bones of the
skeleton . When skeletal muscle contracts, body parts such
as arms and legs move.
 Function
 o-ordinated movements of the
 limbs, trunk, jaws, eyeballs, etc
 Skeletal muscles are directly
 involved in the breathing
 process.

30. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow viscera, such as the
intestines, stomach, uterus, urinary bladder, and blood vessels. Smooth
muscle contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle but can remain
contracted for a longer time.
Function:
 Smooth muscle controls slow,
 involuntary movements such as the
 contraction of the smooth muscle tissue
 in the walls of the stomach and intestines.
 The muscle of the arteries contracts
 and relaxes to regulate the blood
 pressure and the flow of blood.

31. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
 Cardiac muscle which is found only in the walls of the heart
combines features of both smooth muscle and skeletal
muscle.
 Function:
 Cardiac muscle tissue plays
 the most important role in the
 contraction of the atria and
 ventricles of the heart.
 It causes the rhythmical beating
 of the heart, circulating the blood
 and its contents throughout the
 body as a consequence.

32. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSLE TISSUE

33. FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE
 Responsible for
body movement.
 Moves blood, food,
waste through body’s
Organs
 Responsible for
mechanical digestion

34. Thanks a lot for the wonderful cooperation.
That’s all from us.