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Chapter – 1
Introduction to Study

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INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
The term Information Technology refers to the application of technology by considering
information. The storing, manipulation and management of data using computer can also be
defined as an Information Technology. The IT sector has grown much faster globally. The
vacancies in IT professions are also increasing due to the variety of performance of IT
professionals in every field.
The field of information technology (IT) covers the design, administration and support of
computer and telecommunications systems. Some of the positions in this field include database
and network administrators, computer support specialists, computer scientists, software
programmers and system analysts. The majority of career tracks in IT entail design and
operational tasks related to computer hardware components, networks and software applications.
Professionals in the IT field work with businesses and organizations to set up and support viable
computer networks that will keep systems efficient and reliable. IT encompasses all hardware
and software used in the storing, creation and accessing of information. Examples of
technologies that professionals work with are firewalls, databases, media storage devices,
networks and the Internet.
Information Technology covers a broad spectrum of hardware and software solutions that
enable organizations to gather, organize, and analyze data that helps them achieve their goals.
It also details technology-based workflow processes that expand the capacity of an
organization to deliver services that generate revenue. The four main focuses of IT personnel
are business computer network and database management, information security, business
software development, and computer tech support.

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Some of the most popular positions for people interested in Information Technology:
Computer Systems Analyst
In this position, analysts design and develop computer systems and are an expert at every facet
of hardware, software, and networks. Analysts also evaluate the systems and research the
industry for better products to enhance their existing system.
Cloud Specialist
Cloud specialists organize and give configuration to the information infrastructure in the sky.
Because this is still an emerging technology, these architects are highly sought after and one of
the top-paying professions in the industry.
Computer Forensic Investigator
These investigators are computer crime detectives that search for, identify, and evaluate
information from computer systems.
Health IT Specialist
Health IT is booming, especially with Affordable Care Act coming on and transition from
paper to electronic health records. Health IT specialists will mix computer knowledge will
record-keeping skills, medical coding, and billing.
Database Administrator
Database administrators create, upgrade, and test for databases.

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Web Developer
Web developers are in high demand because they have a great understanding of what makes a
good operating system. They create web pages, web applications and web content with their
knowledge of what the average surfer finds visually stimulating and how to optimize sites for
mobile tech, among numerous other skills.
IT Manager
These managers are the contact pros when your email won’t send or Microsoft Word doesn’t
open. As the head of the IT department, they ensure that a company’s network is operating
smoothly and that dangerous threats like malware are minimized.
Information Technology Vendor Manager
Slightly more hands-off compared to some tech positions, vendor managers oversee supply
when it comes to software and hardware. This can mean anything from Microsoft’s latest word
processor to health IT programs for hospitals.
Computer Systems Administrator
The expertise of network and computer systems administrators is essential to every office.
Aside from maintaining a healthy computer network, they also lend their tech knowledge to
managing telecommunication networks. This profession is expected to add 96,600 new
positions by 2020!
Mobile Application Developer
Because of highly-mobile lifestyle, mobile application developers are and will be in high
demand for years to come, especially as mobile devices and technology becomes increasingly
sophisticated.

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Scope of the study
The Information Technology - Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-ITES) sector is a
field which is undergoing rapid evolution and is changing the shape of Indian business standards.
This sector includes software development, consultancies, software management, online services
and business process outsourcing (BPO). One of the biggest benefits that the computer and IT
industry provides in India is the employment it can generate. Other benefits are export and
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). New markets have opened up in the Middle East, Africa,
Eastern Europe, and South and South East Asia. India is now a major destination for IT
outsourcing.
Objectives of the study
 To understand the structure and functionality of the IT firm.
 To understand the different verticals and departmental activities of Ynot Software
Solutions.
 To gain a practical exposure of working in IT related organization.
Advantage in IT
The main specialty of this field is that one can reach success by just having some qualities like
creativity, willpower to learn new things, ability to withstand any situations and confidence.
Everyone use to dream a house in 35th age, a car in 40 and an excellent retirement amount of 10-
15 lakhs in their account. But a talented IT professional can acquire those dreams within 30's.
Even a government employer may take years of experience to get increment in their salary and
post, but here in IT sector it just take some months to get it. IT also helps a professional to get
fixed their meetings abroad, this helps them to get job opportunities in many foreign
companies and it will definitely make their world immense. IT also helps in increasing one`s
talent and personality.

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Chapter – 2
Industry Profile, Company Profile
&
Product Profile

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INDUSTRYPROFILE
Information Technology
Information Technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications
equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or
other enterprise. IT is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices,
infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic
data.
The term information technology was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make
a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions
and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks. As the IT
industry evolved from the mid-20th century, it encompassed transistors and integrated circuits --
computing capability advanced while device cost and energy consumption fell lower, a cycle that
continues today when new technologies emerge.
Indian Industry
One of the biggest factors that have helped India to make its mark on the world map is its
booming IT industrial sector. The contributions being made by the IT industry towards the
country's GDP has led to a steady growth of the Indian economy.
India's IT industry is regarded as a hub of innovators providing world class technology solutions
across the globe. Various international organizations have set up their offices here in India like
Google, Accenture etc. It has helped in changing Indian economy from a agricultural based
economy to a knowledge driven economy.
IT sector has helped the domestic economy to integrate with the world economy. It has made
significant impacts on the lives of many people. It has also helped people settled in far flung
topographies to connect with the rest of the world. It has given birth to e-governance practices, as

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a result of which people get an easy access via e-health, e-education, e-ticketing etc. to the
various governmental services.
Today almost everything can be done online whether its shopping, ticketing, filing Income Tax
returns etc. Though the year 2014 was full of challenges and uncertainties but the IT sector
managed to achieve double digit growth rate and attained revenues of USD 108 billion in the
fiscal year 2014-2015.
Growth of IT Industry in India
Information technology in India is an industry consisting of two major components: IT
services and business process outsourcing (BPO). The sector has increased its contribution to
India's GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 7.5% in 2012. According to NASSCOM, the sector
aggregated revenues of US$147 billion in 2015, where export revenue stood at US$99 billion
and domestic at US$48 billion, growing by over 13%.India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has
started 'Digital India' project to give IT a secured position inside & outside India.
The industry achieved a major breakthrough in the 1990s and is now one of the important industries
of India. The main cause of the rapid development of software industry is its vast reservoir of
technically skilled manpower which has transformed India into a software super power.
With a compound annual growth of about 52 per cent between 1991 and 1996, the Indian
software sector has expanded almost twice as fast as the world’s leading US software industry
did, during the same periods, although from a smaller base.
There is now a critical mass of more than 500 software firms in the country and apart from these
companies there are an additional 1,000 start-up-companies. Today, India is one country that
offers cost-effectiveness, great quality, high reliability, speedy deliveries and, above all, the use
of state-of-the-art technologies in software industry. The year 1995-96 was a boom year for the
Indian computer industry and the Information Technology (IT) industry of India really exploded
in that year.

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Despite the challenges such as the continued technology slowdown in the global market, strong
fundamentals and core value position of the software and services industry led to outperforming
all other sectors in the country. Its export grew by 26.3 per cent in 2002-03, clocking revenues of
Rs 46,100 crore.
The Indian software and services industry is one of the very few sectors worldwide to have
witnessed double digit growth. This has increased its share of total Indian exports from 4.9% in
1997 to 20.4 per cent in 2002-03. It is expected to generate total employment for four million
people (including support services), account for 7% of India’s GDP and 30 % of India’s foreign
exchange inflows in the year 2008.
Software has become a major item of export in India. In the year 2004-05, the software and
service exports from India registered a 34.5 per cent growth. The total software and services
revenues grew by 32 per cent to $ 22 billion in 2004-05 and to $ 28.5 billion in 2005-06.
Progress of IT Industry (figure in $ billion):
Year 2003-04
2004-
05
2005-06*
IT
software
and
service
exports
9.2 12 15.2
ITE-BPO
exports
3.6 5.2 7.3
Domestic
market
3.9 4.8 6
Total 16.7 22 28.5

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According to NASSCOM, the industry is expected to register a growth of 30 to 32 per cent in the
near future. The domestic market, according to NASSCOM, grew by 24 per cent. Findings of the
survey conducted by NASSCOM indicate that the total value of outsourcing to India ($ 17.2
billion in (2004- 05) is as much as 44 per cent of the worldwide total.
There is good reason to believe that the present strong momentum will continue to drive the
expansion of this industry. Indian companies have so far concentrated on only two largest IT
service markets, viz., the U.S.A. and the U.K. Countries like Canada, Japan, Germany and
France represent huge growth potential. Other countries like the Netherlands, Sweden and
Australia also hold great possibilities. IT companies are aggressively exploring other markets in
Europe, Latin America and Asia Pacific.
Hardware
The hardware segment of Information Technology (IT) industry is one of the fastest growing
industries in terms of production, international trade and is characterised by innovation.
According to a recent study, by 2010, the global electronics industry would cross $ 1 trillion
mark and Indian electronic hardware industry may be well over $ 73 billion by then. The
components segment has a potential to reach $ 11 billion by 2010. This will offer employment
opportunities to over 5 million persons.
After liberalisation in 1991, India is fast catching up with the world in terms of penetration of IT,
telecommunications and consumer electronics products. This can lead to a huge demand for
these products as well as provide base for global competition.
“The Personal Computer (PC), not TV, will be the key information appliance of 21st century,”
said Andy Grove, co-founder of Intel, the world’s largest chip-maker over a decade ago. He was
proved right in the U.S. before the turn of the 20th century when for the first time PCs outsold
TVs. This has not happened in India, and may not happen for another decade. But PCs are
gaining more popularity in India as compared to TVs as the time passes.

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Sale of personal computers (PCs) increased by 20% in 2004-05 to 3.63 million units. Internet
subscribers also went up by 23 per cent in 2004-05 to 2.92 million over the previous year. The
rise in PC sales can be attributed to home segment which posted a growth of 48 per cent.
Significant consumption by telecom, banking, manufacturing as well as business process
outsourcing (BPO) and IT enabled services (ITES) segment also contributed to rise in PC sales.
India has emerged as the most preferred destination for BPO, a key driver of growth of software
industry and the service sector.
Smaller cities and towns fuelled the IT consumption with class С cities accounting for over 50
per cent of total PC sales. Under the existing growth pattern, the domestic PC market is expected
to touch 14.3 million units by 2010 with PC penetration of 45 per 1000 people. Output of Indian
electronics and IT industry is estimated to have grown by 18.2 per cent to Rs. 1, 14,650 crore in
2003-04.
Overview
Bangalore is considered to be the Silicon Valley of India because it is the leading IT exporter.
Exports dominate the industry and constitute about 77% of the total industry revenue. However,
the domestic market is also significant with a robust revenue growth. The industry’s share of
total Indian exports (merchandise plus services) increased from less than 4% in FY1998 to about
25% in FY2012. According to Gartner, the "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are Tata
Consultancy Services, Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro, and HCL Technologies.
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991,
the 64 Kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in
1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.
The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era
of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually
was seen during 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by significant the internet

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usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1999 govt pm which
placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities formed the
Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.
"The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999" (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India's
telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures for
electronic transactions and e-commerce.
Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. The
number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely of
highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared well
in science, engineering, and management. Graduates from the Indian Institutes of Technology
(IIT) became known for their technical skills. The success of Information Technology in India
not only had economic repercussions but also had far-reaching political consequences. India's
reputation both as a source and a destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations
with a number of world economies. The relationship between economy and technology valued in
the western world facilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indians, which
further helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.
Recent development
The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in India accounting for 40%
of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its
workforce is summarized by Sharma (2006): "Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley
of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software
companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMMI Level 5
Companies." Numerous IT companies are based in Mumbai such as TCS (among India's first and
largest), Reliance, Patni, L&T InfoTech, Myzornis Corporation and I-Flex.
Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala state, is the foremost among the Tier II
cities that is rapidly growing in terms of IT infrastructure. As the software hub of Kerala, more
than 80% of the state's software exports are from here. Major campuses and headquarters of

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companies such as Infosys, Oracle Corporation, IBS Software Services and UST Global are
located in the city. India's biggest IT company is building the country's largest IT training facility
in Trivandrum the project is worth INR10 billion and will have a capacity of 10,000 seats. The
completion of the facility is expected in 2014 or 2015.
On 25 June 2002, India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of
science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to
further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN, while a
joint India-EU Software Education and Development Centre will be located in Bangalore.
10 Major IT hubs in India
Bangalore
Popularly known as the capital of the Silicon Valley of India is currently leading in Information
Technology Industries in India. Bangalore showed the slowest rate of annual growth at 4 percent
driven by reduced demand in the BPO/ITES sector).
Chennai
It is the second largest exporter of software next to Bangalore. It has the largest operations for
India’s top software company TCS, Infosys ( has world's largest development centre with 25,000
employers in Mahindra world city at Baranur near Chengalpattu, and many centres in IT
corridor), and other software companies like Wipro, CTS, Patni, L&T InfoTech and many
companies have major operations in IT corridor, Ambattur and other places in Chennai.
Hyderabad
Hyderabad called as Cyberabad, which has good infrastructure and good government support is
also a good technology base in India. The Government of AP Has built a separate township for
IT Industry called the HITEC City.
Pune
Pune, a major industrial point in India.
Coimbatore
It is the Manchester of South India. Among major metro-markets Coimbatore (up 31%), It
become an upcoming major IT hub of India

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NCR (National Capital Region)
The National Capital Region of India comprising Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater
Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every possible thing for
this purpose.
Mumbai
Popularly known as the commercial, entertainment, financial capital of India, this is one city that
has seen tremendous growth in IT and BPO industry, it recorded 63% growth in 2008.TCS,
Patni, L&T InfoTech, I-Flex WNS and other companies are headquartered here.
Kolkata
Kolkata is a major IT hub in eastern India. All major IT companies are present here. The city has
tremendous potential for growth in this sector with upcoming areas like Rajarhat.
Trivandrum
Trivandrum is the capital of Kerala. GOK provides a good platform for IT development in the
city with India's largest IT Park Techno park and dedicated Techno city.
Jaipur
This rapidly growing industrial hub houses a lot of IT/ITES and BPO giants. Genpact,
Connexions IT services, Deutsche Bank and EXL BPO, Infosys, Tech Mahindra, and Wipro are
here. There are plans to build the largest IT SEZ in India by Mahindra under the Mahindra World
City.
Top 10 Indian Companies
Tata Consultancy Services TCS
The largest IT Company in India with revenues over USD 10 billion and profits surpassing USD
2.2 billion, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is a global IT giant. It has close to 250,000
employees and is one of the top three global IT companies.
Cognizant
American multinational IT Company has become one of the power houses of the Indian IT
industry scene with revenues of USD 6.1 Billion 2011 and 2012 first quarter USD 1.71 Billion.

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Wipro
With a global presence in over 54 countries and a revenue crossing USD 7.2 billion, Wipro is
undoubtedly one of the leading IT services and outsourcing companies. Under the leadership of
Azim Premji, the company has galloped to become one of the biggest IT companies.
Infosys
A USD 7 billion revenue company, which has offices in over 30 countries, Infosys is easily one
of the top IT companies in India. It offers business consulting, IT consulting solutions and has
workforce strength of over 150,000 employees.
HCL Technologies
With revenues of over USD 3 billion, HCL Technologies is one of the biggest names in the
Indian IT sector. It offers engineering, BPO, EAS, IT infrastructure etc services to Indian as well
as global clients.
Tech Mahindra
With a net income of over USD 128 million, Tech Mahindra is a leading networking and BPO
solutions provider based in India. The company has a strong workforce comprising of over
42,000 employees.
Mphasis
A USD 1 billion company, Mphasis is a part of HP. Founded by Jaithirth Rao and Jeroen Tas,
Mphasis has its presence in over 14 countries providing IT solutions to businesses.
IGATE Patni
IGATE Patni based in Bangalore, is now a subsidiary of iGATE having its international presence
in India, Australia, US, Mexico, Brazil, UK, Germany and many more. It boasts of revenues of
around USD 430 million.

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L&T InfoTech
With strong revenue of around USD 650 million, Mumbai based Larson and Turbo InfoTech is
one of the leading IT companies and BPO solutions provider. Alliances with Microsoft, SAP,
and Oracle etc make it a force to reckon with.
Oracle Financial Services iFlex
Oracle Financial Services, formerly known as iFlex Solutions, it a major IT player in the Indian
market. With revenue of nearly USD 520 million, and a strong backing of Oracle, it is undoubted
one of the strongest companies in the IT solutions for the banking sector.
Employment generation
This sector has also led to massive employment generation. The industry continues to be a net
employment generator expected to add 230,000 jobs in FY2012, thus providing direct
employment to about 2.8 million, and indirectly employing 8.9 million people. Generally
dominant player in the global outsourcing sector. However, the sector continues to face
challenges of competitiveness in the globalized and modern world, particularly from countries
like China and Philippines.
India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties with both the United
States of America and the European Union. However, the recent global financial crisis has
deeply impacted the Indian IT companies as well as global companies. As a result hiring has
dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like the financial service,
telecommunications, and manufacturing industries, which have been growing phenomenally over
the last few years. India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the
establishment of Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs. The first software export
zone SEEPZ was set up here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT Park. More
than 80 percent of the country's software exports happened out of SEEPZ, Mumbai in 1980s.

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Future outlook
The Indian IT market currently focuses on providing low cost solution in the services business of
global IT. Presence of Indian companies in the product development business of global IT is very
meagre, however, this number is slowly on the raise. US giants that outsource work to India, do
not allocate the high end SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) processes like requirement
analysis, high level design and architectural design, although some Indian IT players have
enough competency to take up and successfully complete these high level software jobs. The
other prominent trend is, IT jobs, that were earlier confined to Bangalore, are slowly starting to
experience a geographical diffuse into other cities like Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. The
growth is not fast paced, this, can be largely attributed to the lethargic attitude of the government
in providing proper telecommunication infrastructure. The penetration levels are higher for
mobile, but, the speed at which the backbone infrastructure works (network speed) and the
coverage it offers are far below what other countries of the world have currently in offer.
The Indian Advantage
The above listed views might possibly work against India’s dream to become the biggest
contributor to world IT business, but, if there is one factor that is particular only to India, and, the
one that can nullify all negative factors lined up against it, would be, the volume of young,
English speaking talent pool that India has got to offer. This number far exceeds, any other
country can generate in the coming years. It cannot be denied that China is gearing up to reduce
the English fluency gap, but, at the same time, doing it with ease like India, is a topic of
discussion.
From Services to the Product Orientation
The migration of Indian IT companies to mainstream product development is not happening any
time in the near future, this, primarily can be attributed to the fact that was discussed in earlier
section, which is, lack of innovation culture amongst the top hierarchy of the firm, and, less
availability of skilled management graduates in the country. However, what might possibly
happen is, global multinationals that are currently outsourcing services and back office jobs to

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India, might outsource more of higher level jobs in SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)
like requirement analysis and architecture design. The other opportunity is, Indian subsidiaries of
global multinationals might take up significant chunk of the product development than what they
are currently doing, this, however, is not happening currently because, the global IT firms are
still not comfortable in working out a way to extract high end work from Indian companies.
Research and Development- The new drivers
The research in the industry was earlier concentrated towards programming technologies like
Java, in the recent times, the research focus changed towards technologies like mobile
computing, cloud computing and software as a service. This shift is attributed to preference of
clients towards the ubiquitous computing over standalone computing and the growing demand
for low cost computing solutions.
Structure of India’s IT Industry
The IT industry has emerged as one of the most important industries in the Indian economy
contributing significantly to the growth of the economy. The IT industry of India got a major
boost from the liberalization of the Indian economy. India's software exports have grown at an
annual average rate of more than 50% since 1991. The structure of the IT industry is quite
different from other industries in the Indian economy. The IT industry of India is hugely
dependant on skilled manpower. Primarily a knowledge based industry, the IT industry of India
has reordered significant success due to the huge availability of skilled personnel in India.
The industry structure in the IT sector has four major categories. These are -
 IT services
 IT enabled services
 Software products
 Hardware

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IT Services
IT services constitute a major part of the IT industry of India. IT services include client, server
and web based services. Opportunities in the IT services sector exist in the areas of consulting
services, management services, internet services and application maintenance. The major users
of IT services are -
 Government
 Banking
 Financial services
 Retail and distribution
 Manufacturing
 Health care
IT Enabled Services
The services which make extensive use of information and telecommunication technologies are
categorized as IT enabled services. The IT enabled services is the most important contributor to
the growth of the IT industry of India. Some of the important services covered by the ITES
sector in India are -
 Customer-interaction services including call-centres
 Back-office services
 Revenue accounting
 Data entry and data conversion
 HR services
 Transcription and translation services
 Content development and animation
 Remote education,
 Data search
 GIS(Geographic Information System)
 Market research

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 Network consultancy
Software products
Software products are among the most highly exported products from India. The software
industry in India originated in the 1970s and grew at a significant pace in the last ten years.
Between 1996-1997 and 2002-2003, the Indian software industry grew more than five times
from 2630 crores to 13200 crores. During the same period software and service exports from
India grew by almost twelve times.
Hardware
The hardware sector of the IT industry focuses on the manufacturing and assembling of
computer hardware. The consumption of computer hardware is high in the domestic market. Due
to the rise in the number of IT companies, sales of desktops, laptops, servers, routers, etc have
been on the rise in recent years. Many domestic and multi-national; companies have invested in
the computer hardware market in India.
Another categorization in the structure of India's IT industry is related to the market. There are
two major market classifications - the domestic market and the export market. The export
market, dominates the IT industry accounting for 75% of the revenue.
Challenges for Indian IT sector
The first major problem that the Indian IT firms have started to face in recent times is that they
are now subject to different legal laws and norms. Each country has its own set of rules. For
example not recruiting older employees was fine in India. But they can no longer reject people
on the grounds of their age. A case in point is the recent lawsuit filed against Infosys, wherein an
individual alleged that the company declined employment to him just on the grounds that he was
old. While Infosys has reiterated that they do not discriminate on age, however, they were unable
to give a plausible reason for rejection. There are many more such cases that Indian IT
companies now face as they expand global operations.

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Another major problem that has cropped up is the issue of anti-outsourcing. Indian IT industry
has thrived on the work outsourced to them particularly by the developed nations. However, as
the developed world faces the brunt of the global crisis, they have started raising their voices
against the migration of jobs to India. In recent times, many have imposed stricter visa norms
and legal fees. For example, US visa rejection rates for Indian techies have doubled from around
4% to over 8% over the past nine months. As a result, sending IT personnel to onsite locations
has become increasingly difficult and expensive for the companies. This would start to have an
impact on their margins in times to come.
Also as Indian IT firms go global they need to develop the optimum mix of employees. A big
dilemma that they face is to get the balance correct in terms of recruiting from the local markets
or to assign the jobs to Indian counterparts. The decision is critical as the wrong mix could have
an adverse impact on employee morale and productivity. It also has a serious impact on the
company's operating costs. Companies like Infosys and TCS have been opening offices in
countries outside of India. As a result this problem becomes even more magnified for them.
Companies like Wipro who rely more on inorganic growth through acquisitions, also face the
same problem.

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COMPANY PROFILE AND PRODUCT PROFILE
COMPANY HISTORY IN BRIEF
Ynot Software Solutions Pvt Ltd is a uniquely proficient, professional and creative Web
Designing and Software Development Company providing complete solutions for client
requirements.
Their Software Applications helps customers to create triumphant online proposals in the fields
of Web Designing, Web Hosting, Web Development, E-Commerce Solutions, Mobile App
development, Web Content Development and more. Ynot provides Complete IT solutions for all
business needs.
Web Designing
Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and
maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design,
interface, authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software, user and search
engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the
design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term web design is normally
used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website
including writing mark up. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope
of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their
role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to date with web
accessibility guidelines.
Web Hosting
A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and
organizations to make their website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are

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companies that provide space on a server owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing
Internet connectivity, typically in a data centre. Web hosts can also provide data centre space and
connectivity to the Internet for other servers located in their data centre, called colocation, also
known as Housing in Latin America or France.
The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. The most basic is web page and small-scale file
hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The
files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many Internet service
providers (ISPs) offer this service free to subscribers. Individuals and organizations may also
obtain Web page hosting from alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is
typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business web site hosting often has a
higher expense depending upon the size and type of the site.
Single page hosting is generally sufficient for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a
more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development
platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, and Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, or ASP.NET). These facilities allow
customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management.
Also, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is typically used for websites that wish to keep the data
transmitted, more secure.
The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and
installing scripts, as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. A web server that
does not use a control panel for managing the hosting account, is often referred to as a "headless"
server some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce, blogs, etc.).
Web Development
Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for
the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range
from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-
based internet applications, electronic businesses, and social network services. A more
comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include web

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design, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web
server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development. Among web
professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building web
sites: writing mark-up and coding. Most recently Web development has come to mean the
creation of content management systems or CMS. These CMS can be made from scratch,
proprietary (such as Open Text) or open source (such as Drupal). In broad terms the CMS acts as
middleware between the database and the user through the browser. A principle benefit of a
CMS is that it allows non-technical people to make changes to their Web site without having
technical knowledge.
For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of
people (web developers) and follow standard methods like agile methodologies while developing
websites. Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting developer, or
secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer and/or information
systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather
than the domain of a designated department.
E-Commerce Solutions
E-commerce (also written as e-Commerce, e-commerce or similar variants), short for electronic
commerce, is trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet.
Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds
transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic
data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.
Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the
transaction's life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail.
E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:
 Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers.
 Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-
consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales.

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 Business-to-business buying and selling.
 Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media.
 Business-to-business electronic data interchange.
 Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with
newsletters).
 Engaging in prevail for launching new products and services.
Mobile App Development
Mobile application development is a term used to denote the act or process by which application
software is developed for handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital
assistants or mobile phones. These applications can be pre-installed on phones during
manufacturing platforms, or delivered as web applications using server-side or client-side
processing (e.g. JavaScript) to provide an "application-like" experience within a Web browser.
Application software developers also have to consider a lengthy array of screen sizes, hardware
specifications and configurations because of intense competition in mobile software and changes
within each of the platforms. Mobile app development has been steadily growing, both in terms
of revenues and jobs created. A 2013 analyst report estimates there are 529,000 direct App
Economy jobs within the EU 28 members, 60% of which are mobile app developers.
As part of the development process, Mobile User Interface (UI) Design is also an essential in the
creation of mobile apps. Mobile UI considers constraints & contexts, screen, input and mobility
as outlines for design. The user is often the focus of interaction with their device, and the
interface entails components of both hardware and software. User input allows for the users to
manipulate a system, and device's output allows the system to indicate the effects of the users'
manipulation. Mobile UI design constraints include limited attention and form factors, such as a
mobile device's screen size for a user's hand(s). Mobile UI contexts signal cues from user
activity, such as location and scheduling that can be shown from user interactions within a
mobile application. Overall, mobile UI design's goal is primarily for an understandable, user-
friendly interface. The UI of mobile apps should: consider users' limited attention, minimize

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keystrokes, and be task-oriented with a minimum set of functions. This functionality is supported
by Mobile enterprise application platforms or integrated development environments (IDEs).
Mobile UIs, or front-ends, rely on mobile back-ends to support access to enterprise systems. The
mobile back-end facilitates data routing, security, authentication, authorization, working off-line,
and service orchestration. This functionality is supported by a mix of middleware components
including mobile app servers, Mobile Backend as a service (MBaaS), and SOA infrastructure.
Web Content Development
Web content development is the process of researching, writing, gathering, organizing,
and editing information for publication on websites. Website content may consist of
prose, graphics, pictures, recordings, movies or other digital assets that could be distributed by a
hypertext transfer protocol server, and viewed by a web browser.
Content Developers and Web Developers
When the World Wide Web began, web developers either developed online content themselves,
or modified existing documents and coded them into hypertext mark up language (HTML). In
time, the field of web site development came to encompass many technologies, so it became
difficult for web site developers to maintain so many different skills. Content developers are
specialized web site developers who have content generation skills such as graphic
design, multimedia development, professional writing, and documentation. They can integrate
content into new or existing web sites without using information technology skills such as script
language programming and database programming.
Content developers may also be search engine optimization specialists, or Internet
marketing professionals. High quality, unique content is what search engines are looking for and
content development specialists therefore have a very important role to play in the search engine
optimization process. One issue currently plaguing the world of web content development is
keyword-stuffed content which are prepared solely for the purpose of manipulating a search
engine. This is giving a bad name to genuine web content writing professionals. The effect is
writing content designed to appeal to machines (algorithms) rather than people or

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community. Search engine optimization specialists commonly submit content to Article
Directories to build their website's authority on any given topic. Most Article Directories allow
visitors to republish submitted content with the agreement that all links are maintained. This has
become a method of Search Engine Optimization for many websites today. If written according
to SEO copywriting rules, the submitted content will bring benefits to the publisher (free SEO-
friendly content for a webpage) as well as to the author (a hyperlink pointing to his/her website,
placed on an SEO-friendly webpage).
Ynot Software Solutions is providing Software Services for the past 2 years. They have
collaborated with 3rd party and providing Electrical, Plumbing and many other services. They
have a website called City Snap where they collect pictures from local Merchants and post Ads
according to their payment.
City Snap
Overview
To provide fast, free, reliable and comprehensive information to our users and connect buyers to
sellers.
The company started offering local search services in under the City Snap brand and is now the
leading local search engine in Vijayawada. City Snap’s search service bridges the gap between
the users and businesses by helping users find relevant providers of products and services
quickly, while helping businesses listed in City Snap's database to market their offerings. City
Snap has also initiated its ‘Search Plus’ Services for the users. These services are aimed at
making several day-to-day tasks conveniently actionable and accessible to the users. With this
step, City Snap is transitioning from being purely a provider of local search and related
information to being an enabler of such transactions. City Snap intends to provide an online
platform to thousands of SME’s to get them discovered and transacted.

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1. Home page
2. Admin page

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3. Add customer page
4. Retrieving the data

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3rd
PARTY
They heard many people say that it is impossible to find a plumber / electrician / carpenter who
is reliable and can do a quality job.
This set them thinking why the current search directories don't work. The reasons were many
 They were paid listings
 Reviews were fake / not reliable
 And once if they leave our contact number with search directories, they would get a
plethora of calls making their life hell
Moreover, they still don't have a clue of which service provider to engage with as there is no
guarantee of quality of work, fair pricing and the provider coming on time to do the job.
This set them thinking, why this process has to be so painful. Why can’t they buy local services
the way they buy products from ecommerce sites on the click of a button?
3rd Party was conceived to solve precisely this pain area.
How they do it
 They aggregate quality suppliers and ensure availability, quality and reliability.
 They ensure that each service provider is certified for skills, they do this by an extensive
certification provided by a 3rd party.
 They further ensure their safety by doing a complete background check on their service
providers for address verification and criminal history check.
 They provide the technology platform for service providers to accept jobs and reach the
customer location on time. The customer is able to track the movement of the service
provider and know exactly the estimated time of arrival.

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 The pricing is absolutely transparent with no hidden costs and mentioned upfront for the
job (Labor Charges). Material cost would be charged on actual and is to be paid directly
to the service provider.
1. Home page
2. Admin page

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3. Products page

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NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN DIFFERENT LEVELS
Mr. Siva Nagaraju Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Jagadeesh Chief Operating officer.
Ms. Anusha Human resource Manager.
Mr. Baji Software Consultant
Mr. Syam Software Consultant
Mr. Nithin Software Consultant
Ms. Divya Sri Software Developer
Mr. Jilani Software Developer
Mr. Anil Software Developer
Mr. Prasad SQA Analyst

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Future Objectives
 To automate process in many sectors mainly in banking and to give a reliable efficient
and automated process so as to satisfy the needs of both our clients and their customers.
Service Profile
 Developing core banking applications for major banks like NMB.
 Developing automated process in banking so as to minimize human interface in areas not
necessary.
 Developing websites and giving them a brand image to our clients.
 Providing hosting services.
 Providing both onsite and offline support to banks and assisting them technically.
Values
 To respect and understand all the needs of the employees in the organization.
 They are providing services in such a way that the employees are likely to work during
the weekends also based on the need.
 They respect every individual and are humble in their conduct.
 Employees are having the right to be open and sharing their new ideas, knowledge and
information.
 To be flexible and adaptable, to meet goals, objectives, challenges.
 To be a leader, both in thought and business.
 The central objective of Ynot software solutions was to bring in stability and
consolidation. They were built to enforce IT services to the clients. However, in the new
era where nothing remains constant, the dominant theme for IT needs to be speed,
creative, innovative.
 The new macro-differentiator can be design. Design is helping to provide IT services to
other IT companies. Companies to services differentiated experiences and solutions that

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connect with the client needs. Nor is it just about completing transactions but also
providing human resources services.
 Every time a customer walks in, it is an opportunity to build a relationship and invite the
client to become a part of the transformational scenario. Design management is helping
us position the client at the center of every decision we take and also operate with true
entrepreneurial spirit.
Mile stones
 Achieved performance appraisal from NMB Bank, Tanzania for EODO Tool.
 Trained APGENCO Engineers at NTTPS, Vijayawada.
 Trained on IT services.
 Good response from the local vendors for City Snap web based application.
 Clients are happy to receive services from 3rd party.
SERVICES
Being a multi-disciplinary consultancy, YNOT offers a wide range of Engineering,
Project/Programmed Management and Information Technology services. These include:
Web site services
 Ynot software solutions provide web sites services in the form of ad posting from the local
vendors.
 City wall where the users can post their own snaps.
 Bill bank services where all kinds of bills are uploaded to the current existing user.
 Customized web design and development according to the client needs.
 Updating and alterations to the already existing sites.
Hosting services
Website maintenance
Software development
Software development process is as follows
Agile Development Cycle an agile development cycle is different. Instead, the initial planning
and analysis is kept to a very high level, just enough to outline the scope of the development

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project. Then the team goes through a series of iterations, analyzing, designing, developing and
testing each feature in turn within the iterations. For instance, it might look a bit more like this:
There aren’t really any distinct stages during the development. Instead, each feature is taken
from start to finish within iteration, with the software being released at the end of each iteration
or if appropriate even during iteration. Iteration is simply a fixed, short period of time that the
team chooses to work within. Typically for agile teams, iteration is between 1 week and 30 days.
Strictly speaking, the Scrum agile development methodology advocates 30 days, but I’ve
encountered very few teams that actually do this. 2 or 3 weeks seems to be more common. The
Extreme Programming agile methodology advocates 1 week. This is very short and in my
experience requires quite a lot of maturity in the team and its processes to achieve, because
getting to a stable release every week can be difficult. Either way, the principles are the same.
The idea is to stick to short, fixed-length iterations and complete all stages of the development
cycle for each feature in turn within iteration. The key difference this creates is visibility of
complete working features much earlier in the project life cycle, allowing for a better gauge of
progress and quality, and allowing for feedback and adaption along the way. The result is to see
some results earlier, mitigate risk, and to allow flexibility to accommodate change. One of the
dangers of a waterfall approach is that by the time the detailed up-front planning, analysis and

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design are done, let alone by the time the solution is developed and tested, many requirements
may have changed – especially these days when the pace of change is so incredibly fast. Agile
mitigates this risk too, helping to ensure that the right solution is delivered.
Corporate training and Internship programs
Training includes JAVA application development, Oracle based applications, Web based
application development, Software QA processes.
JAVA application development
 It includes Core and advanced java based applications.
 Android applications.
Oracle based applications
 Creating, deleting, altering, updating databases.
 Maintaining databases.
Web based application development
 Response web designing.
 Java script.
 PHP.
Software QA processes
 Manual software test process.
 Selenium tool test process.
 QTP-Quick tool test process.
Online services
 Home delivery services.
Advertising services.
Search engine optimization services.
ERP services- college ERP.
Banking solutions.
Oracle onsite support.
Mobile application development – android apps.

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Ownership & Management:
Affirmative Action is important to Ynot Software Solutions, which is why the company has
taken a leading role in the development and corporate training of previously or Historically
Disadvantaged Individuals. We recognise the social and financial imbalances of our society and
seek to apply capacity building and corporate training initiatives to address these areas.
Ynot Software Solutions is headed by a dynamic, motivated and efficient team currently led by
our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mr. Siva Nagaraju, is assisted by Mr. Jagadeesh (COO) and
staff.
Approach:
Ynot Software Solutions sees teamwork on every project as the key success ingredient and are
responsible for creating this environment. The overall project lead is duty-bound in ensuring
effective communication to all stakeholders and at all levels. Teams are built by combining the
strengths of the individual members and refining skills to meet and exceed the Client’s
expectations. They also believe in a hands-on approach on all our projects. This is why a
Director of the firm will always be in control of the key functions on a project. Ynot Software
Solutions is equipped with the latest technology and has the necessary staff and resources to
ensure the best professional service is provided at all times.
Design/Software platforms:
Ynot Software Solutions is a Software development and service. We also use many open source
software’s like JAVA, oracle and Web Technologies to completely serve the needs of client
apart from these we also use latest technologies like Phone Gap, Word Press, Android, etc.
Experience:
Ynot Software Solutions has a combined professional experience of some 2 years among its
Principals and Members. Listed below are the projects that the firm has undertaken:

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Product Profile
Project Client Financial Year
EODO NMB Bank , Tanzania 2015
City Snap In house project 2014-15
3rd party services In house project 2014
Gudlavalleru Engineering
College(College Website)
Gudlavalleru engineering
college, Vijayawada
2014
AG & SG Siddhartha
college ( college website )
AG & SG Siddhartha
college
2014-15
Krishna Girijana Krishna Girijana Sangham 2014
College ERP In house project 2014

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POLICES OF THE YNOT SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
 Corporate governance indicates transparency and reliability of the organization.
 One of the mission of the YNOTSS is to achieve excellence in IT sectors be it
profitability, growth in market share.
 Superior quality of products and services to the satisfaction of the stakeholders through
an efficient, effective, reliability, durability.
 We aim at providing clarity and transparency in all our dealings and increasing the value
of all stakeholders of the company.
FUTURE PLANS
 To tie up with other organizations.
 To develop banking applications.
 To provide human resources services to the citizens.
 To provide wide range of home delivery services.

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Chapter – 3
Organization Hierarchy

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ORGANIZATION HEIRARCHY
There are many small and medium software companies which do not follow this hierarchy and
have their own adhoc way of defining positions in the company.

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There are basically two teams in a software association. First one is project teams and second is
quality teams. Project teams are those who execute the project and quality teams are comprised
of testers and SQA (Software Quality Assurance Testers). The quality team looks after the
quality part of the project. Director and CTO (chief technical officer) are on the top of the
hierarchy of the company. The main role of the director is to handle finances; he is responsible of
all activities in the company. The CTO’s main role is to have a bird’s eye view of technical as
well as management operations in the project. CTO and project managers to see to higher level
day-to-day operation in every project. The program manager normally does not interact directly
with the developers or testers, he only takes daily reports and from project managers and
monitors the project. Software engineers have around 1 to 2 years of experience. Interviewers
expect software engineers to be technically at medium level. Senior software engineers have
around 2 to 4 years of experience. Interviewers expect them to technically be very strong. Project
leads handle the majority of technical aspects of the project and should have around 4 to 8 years
of experience. Project managers are expected to be roughly 40% technically strong and should
have experience above 10 years. But they are more interviewed from the aspect of project
management, client interaction, people management, proposal preparation, etc. So now judge
where you stand, and where you want to go. Let’s see the bottom of the hierarchy:
Junior tester: Junior testers normally have 1 to 2 years of experience or are entry level. Their
main task is executing test procedures prepared by seniors.
Senior tester: Senior testers generally have 2 to 4 years of experience and are expected to know
how to prepare test plans. They are also aware of various metrics and testing techniques which
help them to communicate project health. But the main expectation from a senior tester is that he
should independently prepare test plans based on the requirement documents.
Team lead tester: Team lead testers mainly help and guide the senior testers. They are primarily

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involved in deciding the testing strategy, what kind of automation tool used, etc. They also act as
a bridge between the project manager and the other team members.
Project test manager: The main job of a project test manager is to collect accurate metrics and
report them to the project manager. He is also responsible for interacting with SQA to give
updates on the quality of the project. They are also involved in the requirement phase.
SQA: If you are starting your career as a tester then you would surely aim to become an SQA
(Software Quality Assurance) leader somewhere down the line. The main job of SQA is to define
the quality standard of the organization and to ensure that every project follows the quality
process.
THE PRESENT ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
As company is private company there is only one CEO. A typical organization structure of Ynot
Software Solutions has shown above. The organization has Chief operating Officer (COO) as
head next to CEO.
A company branch has got six departments. That holds finance department, human resource
department, marketing department, Information Technology department, administrative
department, customer service department.
Finance Department further has account section and support. Human Resource Department
further has H R Manager Section and support. Marketing Department further has market section
and support. Information Technology Department further has Development section and Quality
Assurance.

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Chapter – 4
Functional Areas

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FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF YNOT SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
In Ynot Software Solutions the following are the departments that perform various functions to
attain their department objective which in turn confine towards attaining organization’s mission
as whole.
VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS ARE
 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
 FINANCE DEPARTMENT
 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
 ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
 CUSTOMER SERVICE DESK(CSD) DEPARTMENT
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
With business becoming increasingly competitive, marketing has become more important than
ever before. Marketing involves determining consumer needs, translating those needs into
products and services, and selling them in a highly competitive global marketplace. It requires
analytical skills as well as intuition, logic, and creativity.
Objectives of Marketing Department
1. Creation of Demand:
The marketing management’s first objective is to create demand through various means. A
conscious attempt is made to find out the preferences and tastes of the consumers. Goods and
services are produced to satisfy the needs of the customers. Demand is also created by informing
the customers the utility of various goods and services.

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2. Customer Satisfaction:
The marketing manager must study the demands of customers before offering them any goods or
services. Selling the goods or services is not that important as the satisfaction of the customers’
needs. Modern marketing is customer- oriented. It begins and ends with the customer.
3. Market Share:
Every business aims at increasing its market share, i.e., the ratio of its sales to the total sales in
the economy. For instance, Infosys ties up with Microsoft, Hitachi, and Huawei.
4. Generation of Profits:
The marketing department is the only department which generates revenue for the business.
Sufficient profits must be earned as a result of sale of want-satisfying products. If the firm is not
earning profits, it will not be able to survive in the market. Moreover, profits are also needed for
the growth and diversification of the firm.
5. Creation of Goodwill and Public Image:
To build up the public image of a firm over a period is another objective of marketing. The
marketing department provides quality products to customers at reasonable prices and thus
creates its impact on the customers.
The marketing manager attempts to raise the goodwill of the business by initiating image-
building activities such a sales promotion, publicity and advertisement, high quality, reasonable
price, convenient distribution outlets, etc.

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STRUCTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Responsibilities ofMarketing Department
Strategy
The senior member of the marketing department takes responsibility for setting marketing
strategy in line with overall company strategy and objectives. The strategy may be to increase
share in a specific market sector, for example, to enter a new sector, or to open a new channel of
distribution, such as the Internet, to reach a wider geographical market. The marketing
department reaches agreement on strategy with the board or senior management team before
planning campaigns in detail.
Market Research
Market research is a key responsibility for the marketing department. Research helps the
company identify market opportunities and gain a better understanding of customer needs. It also
helps them understand competitors’ strengths and weaknesses so they can take action to protect

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business with existing customers or win business from weaker competitors. The department can
carry out its own research by studying industry reports, market data on websites, or by contacting
customers and prospects to survey their needs and attitudes. Alternatively, they can brief a
market research firm to carry out the research.
FINANCIAL DEPARTMNENT
 Prepares the budget for expenditures at all levels.
 Decides and gives the sales targets for all the departments periodically.
 Maintenance the books of accounts collect and deposits the cash received daily through sales in
the companies banks account.
Finance is the life blood of any business. It also prepares the budget for expenditure at various
levels on different items. This department is also responsible for deciding and giving the weekly,
monthly and yearly targets and the margins for all the departments separately. The Finance
department is also responsible for collecting and depositing the cash received in the company’s
bank account daily.
OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT
 To size of current asset must permit the company to exploit the investments on fixed
assets.
 To maintain liquidity.
 To minimize cost of acquisition of funds but maximum returns through wise decisions.
FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT
 Preparation of budgets.
 Deployment of funds.
 Budget administration.
 Cost allocation.
 Pay role.
 Preparation of Accounts payable and schedule.

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 Fringe benefits.
 Contract administration billing.
 Cash and Bank transaction.
 Makes effective investment of funds in profitable manner.
 Submission of periodical reports to financial institution.
 Liaison with internal, statutory and tax authorities.
Screen shot for City Snap Financial Transactions and its maintenance.

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STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
Human resource works for the welfare of the employees it adds to organize the man power and
work to increase productivity of the employees basically human resource perform the functions
of recruitment ,hiring ,induction, training, development , perform appraisals, problem solver,
spokes person, of the employees and organization. Human resource studies and involves in inter
life, cycle of the employee from his joining the organization to till his end of the organization.
Selects & recruits employees through various sources such as consultancy services, walk-ins,
referrals, campus recruitment.
Trains & develops employees through its own specialized training centre .Motivates all
employees to perform to their best Employees are retained by keeping them happy and satisfied
through various schemes of the Company. Regular and periodic performance appraisal of all the
employees is conducted and suitably rewarded.
Key functions
 Human Resource Management serves these key functions:
 Recruitment & Selection.
 Training and Development (People or Organization).
 Performance Evaluation and Management.
 Promotions.
 Redundancy.
 Industrial and Employee Relations.
 Record keeping of all personal data.
 Compensation, pensions, bonuses etc in liaison with Payroll. Confidential advice to
internal customers' in relation to problems at work. Career development.
Internal controls and Risk Management
Gain an understanding of the various Business Processes.
 Identify the strengths and weaknesses in the existing systems and procedures.
 Review use of technology in the function.

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 Identify key business process risks and review the adequacy of the controls and mitigate
them.
 Test the effectiveness of controls the most significant risks and provide recommendations
to improve controls.
 Identify potential areas for improving process efficiency.
 Broadly develop on improvement portfolio and raise the level of awareness of how
business is impacted by inadequately controlled risks inherent in the business process.
STRUCTURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

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ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
Administration comes under Administrative manager its functions are administration and
maintenance. Administrative manager has to control all the activities within the organization .He
has to communicate all the departmental managers and assistants departmental managers
regarding any new ideas and processes etc. Administrative manager has to see the operation in
the organization. It is being performed in co-ordination and cooperation he has to communicate
with the corporate office rearguing any changes being applied within the organization. Its
functions are administrative maintenance are
 The administrative maintenance is concerned with the proper running of the organization in
co-ordination with all the departments.
 The administrative section is concerned with the administrative of the entire organization.
Administration department keeps a vigilant check on all the people entering and departing at
the various entry and exit points in the organization.
CUSTOMER SERVICE DESK (CSD) DEPARTMENT
This is the separate unit which is mainly focus on customer service like if the customer finds
difficulty in finding any produce, customer complaints, customer assistants etc. the CSD called
as supportive dept for the organization.
As the name suggests this is the separate department which mainly focuses on customer service
like if a customer finds difficulty in finding any product, if there are any customer complaints,
they are also looked into.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Development Manager
The role of a Development Manager can be a very stressful one. You are the "man in the
middle'', being pulled in different directions by management, customers, sales, developers etc.
Programming lead
A lead programmer is a software engineer in charge of one or more software projects.
Alternative titles include development lead, technical lead, lead software engineer, software
design engineer lead (SDE lead), software development manager, software manager, or lead
application developer. When primarily contributing in a high-level enterprise software design
role, the title software architect (or similar) is often used. All of these titles can have different
meanings depending on the context
Testing lead
Effective software test managers not only understand the discipline of testing, but they are also
able to manage and implement a testing process in their organizations. That requires team
leading skills, communication skills, and being able to measure the testing team's return on
investment.

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Chapter – 5
SWOT Analysis

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SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
 Ynot Software Solutions is one of the fastest growing IT Company in Vijayawada.
 It offers a wide range of services in the form of Software development, corporate
training, website services like City snap and bill bank.
 It provides offline services like home delivery services, electrical, plumbing, professional
cleaning etc.
 It conducts workshops on Future technologies like Hadoop, android, testing etc.
 It facilitates quick human resource services to the citizens of Vijayawada.
 Good reputation in Vijayawada.
 Financial stability is achieved through Ynot Software Solutions, City Snap and 3rd Party
Services.
Weaknesses
 Individual communication skills.
 Team work.
 Security.
 Resources are not used properly.
 Power fluctuations.
 Disturbances are more.
 Advertisements are done through print media only.
 Administration lacks a professional touch.
 Absence of effective sales promotion and advertisement strategies.
Opportunities
 There are lots of opportunities in IT sector.
 They have the chance to provide services to small industries to large scale industries.

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 The consumers are looking for home delivery services and human resource services.
 People prefer to shop all kinds of services in one roof like software services, 3rd party
services and city snap services.
 Diversification of business into TV channels and mobile portals.
 Ynot software solutions were partnered with 3rd party services and city snap services.
Threats
 The government policies keep changing.
 There are other existing competitors like Green birds, PB systems, extranet software
solutions, Pixentia, Callo smart.
 Staffing is a big challenge for the Human resource department.
 The marketing slowdown has resulted in service cuts which reduces profit power.

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Chapter – 6
Findings & Suggestions

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FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
 The communication skills of the staff need to be improved especially English.
 IT meetings were conducted every week on Friday, where each and every employee
asked about the progress from the past week and what they are planning to do in the forth
coming week regarding coding, testing, developing the software’s.
 Most of the customers were happy with the services provided by the 3rd Party Services.
 During the IT meetings they follow both the Top-Down approach and Bottom-Up
approach. In the Top-Down approach the Chief Operating Officer and Managing Director
communicates Chief Executive Officer’s thoughts and improvements that should be done
according to the NMB bank Tanzania’s End of the Day (EODO) Tool operations. In the
Bottom-Up approach the employees were free to express their views about new
technologies which other competitors are following and which are followed in the current
organization.
 Employees are having the right to express their problems regarding both the hardware
and software issues.
 To reduce noise in the organization the employees should make use of the LAN
messenger.
 Ynot Software Solutions won’t use .NET technologies in their Software development.
 They encourage ideas from students and also help them in developing and executing their
LIVE projects.
 They are planning to implement Biometrics in their organization.
 They have developed many college ERP’s.
 They provide smart phones, tablets to the Marketing persons to take the snaps of the local
vendors which will be uploaded in their City Snap website.
 Always provide good and healthy environment at the work place.

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SUGGESTIONS
 Advertisement need improvement (currently advertisements is done through print media
only, need to be done in visual media also).
 Improvements in one’s own work and the working environment.
 Savings in energy, labor, materials and other resources.
 Promote a culture of open communication.
 Encourage communication, collaboration, and feedback between departments, as well as
between management and staff.
 Encourage the entire company to embrace feedback, both positive and negative by
creating an outlet for it. They could also use a bulletin board in a central part of the office
as a place to share ideas.
 Updating employee computers and software periodically is an absolute must. Considering
the most basic factor of productivity is speed, equipping office computers with the most
efficiently run software and hardware should be the first thing for IT Company.
 Providing ergonomic standards according to the employee needs.
 Social media marketing can also be practiced for Ynot Software Solutions, City Snap and
3rd Party Services.
 Taking an opinion poll of the current employees to gauge their overall efficiency.
 Setting goals for each department and each employee respectively.
 Improvement in promotional activities.
 Gap between employees and supervisors should be reduced by raising level of
engagement by conducting co-curricular and management games.

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CONCLUSION
IT continues to develop rapidly as the key underlying technologies of semiconductors, disk
drives, and network communications improve at exponential rates. Constant improvements in the
underlying technologies make possible new IT applications that affect all areas of society,
including the economy, households, government, and the R&D enterprise.
Throughout society, the utility of IT applications tends to advance much more slowly than the
underlying technologies. A doubling of processing speeds, for example, does not bring a
doubling of utility. The effective implementation and use of IT are the result of a complex
process that requires not only adoption of a technology but also changes in organizations and
institutions. As part of this process, individuals and organizations actively adapt (and sometimes
resist) the technologies. As a result, the effects of IT on society often take place more slowly
than visionaries predict. Nevertheless, the effects driven by the continual change in underlying
technologies are substantial over time.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
 Adelman, C. 2000. A Parallel Postsecondary Universe: The Certification System in
Information Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
 Kotler, Philip, and Armstrong Gary. Principles of Marketing. 11th ed. Pearson Prentice
Hall, 2006.
 Kotler, Philip, and Keller Kevin Lane. Marketing Management. Pearson Education, Inc.,
2006.
Journals
 Company broachers.
Web sites
 www.google.co.in
 www.citysnap.co.in
 www.3rdparty.co.in
 www.ynotss.com
 www.smallbusiness.chron.com
 www.indiaeducation.net
 www.udemy.com

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