This document discusses the health hazards of smoking tobacco. It provides statistics showing high rates of smoking among Americans despite known risks. Peer pressure and addiction are cited as reasons people continue smoking. The document outlines the negative health effects of smoking, including increased risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and other respiratory issues. It discusses the properties of tobacco and nicotine and how smoking impacts the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. The 1964 surgeon general's report linking smoking to health risks is summarized.

1. Tobacco
A Health
Hazard

2.  Why do more than 70 million people in the
United States spend billions of dollars a year
on a habit that is a known health hazard?
 Is it the invitation from television
commercials and printed cigarette
advertising?
 Is it the influence of parents who smoke?
Why do people smoke?

3.  However, surveys among high school
students who are smoking indicate
that the most frequent reason is;

4.  " My friends smoke and that’s the
habit, it is hard to quit ".

5.  Some heed the warnings they
see on television and read in
newspapers and other
publications.

6. 19%
30%
51%
Male (population = 57,585,000)
former
never smoked
present
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT SMOKERS
Who smokes Cigarettes?

7. 8%
58%
34%
Female (population = 64,501,000)
former
never smoked
present
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT SMOKERS
Who smokes Cigarettes?

8.  Cigarette smoking is a widespread habit, although men
tend to smoke more as a group than women. An
encouraging sign is the increasing number of former
smokers.

9.  The best argument the smoker gives is, “ I
enjoy it “.
 Most of the other arguments are only excuses.

10. ARGUMENTS FOR AND
AGAINST SMOKING

11.  Tobacco is made from the leaf of a plant widely
cultivated in the United States as well as in other
parts of the world.
 Tobacco is really big business.
The Properties of Tobacco

12.  The most harmful ingredient in tobacco is Nicotine,
a powerful poison when taken internally.

13.  Nicotine is known to raise the smoker's blood
pressure, speed up the pulse, and stimulate the flow
of saliva.
What is Nicotine?

14.  Another injurious substance in tobacco is Tar.
 Tars have been demonstrated to cause cancer
when applied to the skin of rats and may be an
agent in human cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue,
and lips.

15.  Since our forefathers procured tobacco from the
American Indians, there have been arguments
concerning its effect on health.
 They have analyzed cigarette smoke; they have
studied the health and health habits of smokers
and non-smokers; they have experimented with
humans as well as many types of animals.
The real case against Tobacco

16.  In 1962, a special advisory committee of
scientist in the United States was appointed
by the Surgeon General of the Public Health
Service to study the effect of tobacco on
health.
 Among the committee of ten, chosen from a
list of 150 scientists, there were five smokers
and five non-smokers.

17.  On January 11, 1964, the report of the Surgeon
General's advisory committee on smoking was
released.
 Here are some of the significant findings of the
committee.
 n
Report of the advisory committee on
smoking

18. 1. Cigarette smoking is by far the most
important cause of lung cancer in men.
Although the evidence is not as conclusive, it
probably is also related to lung cancer in
women.
2. Cigarette smoking is a significant factor in
cancer of the larynx in men.

19. 3. Cigarette smoking is the most important
cause of chronic bronchitis in the United
States and increases the risk of dying of
pulmonary emphysema.
4. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death
rate from coronary artery disease than
nonsmoking males.

20.  The report of the committee caused-
people to look at the facts.
 One of the most immediate and far
reaching by products of the " Smoking
and Health Report " has been the impetus
given to research concerning smoking.
Reaction to the report

21.  Most smokers want a cigar or a cigarette
after a meal more than at any other time.
 Nicotine slows the digestive progress by as
much as an hour. While digestion is delayed,
acidity in the stomach may increase to the
point of causing heartburn. They heavy
cigarette smokers have a frequency of peptic
ulcer twice that of those who have never
smoked. Doctors usually advise patients with
ulcers to give up smoking.
Smoking and Digestion

22.  Does tobacco damage the Heart?
 According to the National Cancer Institute,
the death rate from coronary heart disease
among males between the ages of 45-64 is
more than twice as high in cigarette smokers
than nonsmokers. The ratio among women is
only slightly lower.
Smoking and the Circulatory System

23.  Nicotine in tobacco is absorbed into
the blood in the lungs. It causes the
blood vessels to be come smaller, thus
raising the blood pressure. Increased
blood pressure increases the work of
the heart by as much as 28 beats per
minute.

24.  Some investigators feel that the carbon
monoxide formed during burning of tobacco
and cigarette paper may be more harmful
than nicotine. This poisonous gas combines
with the hemoglobin in red blood corpuscles
much more readily than does oxygen. A
compound called carboxyhemoglobin is
formed.

25.  Carboxyhemoglobin has been found in
concentrations up to 20 percent in the blood of
heavy smokers. The resulting reduction in oxygen
supply to the tissues may damage the heart muscle,
blood vessels, and other organs.
 One of the most serious circulatory complications
related to smoking is a condition known as
Buerger's Disease.

26.  Buerger's Disease is more prevalent in males
than in females and appears most often
between the ages of 20 and 45.

27.  When a person smokes, the nose, throat,
trachea, bronchi, and lungs are subjected
to the effects of the smoke as well as
nicotine.
 Throat Irritation is probably the most
common complaint of smokers.
 Hairlike cilia projecting from these
membranes normally fan toward the
throat and move dust particles and other
foreign substances out of the air passages.
Smoking and the Respiratory System

28.  Irritation and swelling of mucous
membranes reduces the diameter of air
passages and lowers the flow of air
through them.

29.  Lung cancer, Chronic Bronchitis,
Emphysema, and Cancer of the Throat
and Larynx are all related to cigarette
smoking, according to evidence in the
Surgeon General's report.
 These figures become even more alarming
when you consider that most cases of lung
cancer in nonsmokers are due to
spreading of the cancer to the lungs from
some other location in the body.
Respiratory Diseases and Smoking

30.  The death rate from chronic bronchitis and
emphysema is six times higher in smokers
than in non-smokers.