aging is a biological process which can increased susceptibility of an organism to a disease . it can be divided into 2 phases growth and senescence

2. BIOLOGY OF
AGING
INDEX
o INTRODUCTION
o MAXIMUM LIFE SPAN
o Changes IN DIFFERENT ORAGAN & ORGAN SYSTEM
o THEORIES OF AGAING
o HOW DOES AGAING HAPPENS
o WHAT ASPECT OF AGING CAN BE PREVENTED
o HEALTH PRACTICES FOR A LONG HEALTHY LIFE
o LATEST INFORMATION

3. introduction
 Aging is characteristics of all multicellular
organism.
 “Aging is described as a biological process which
can increased susceptibility of an organism to
disease”-A. Comfort.
 “Aging is a gradual decline in adaptation of the
organism to its natural environment following
the onset of reproduction maturity “ –B.L.
Strehlose
 The foundation of geography (Green=old man )
was laid by V.Korenchnesky.

4. Division of life span
on an organism
 It can be divided in 2 phases .
a) Growth
b) Senescence
o GROWTH- Early phase of growth is a fast
process leading to maturity .growth continues
even after maturity .
o SENESCENCE- It is a process by which
capacity for cell division and capacity for
growth and function are lost over time and
ending to death.

5. Maximum life span
 Aging affect all kind of individuals of a species
and it can be of two type .
a) Maximum life span .
b) Average life span .
 LIFE EXPECTANCY- The number of years an
individual can expect to live , is based on
average life span . It can be defined as the age
at which half the population still survive .
 Successful aging can be a process by which
deteriorative effects are minimized preserving
functions until someone make continued life
impossible.

6. Changes in different
organs & organs system
1. Kidney- they becomes less efficient at extracting
waste from blood ;bladder capacity declines ;
urinary consistency which may occur ,often
tissues atrophy can also be managed through
exercise .
2. Heart- it grows slightly larger with age,
maximal oxygen consumption during exercise
decline on man by about 10% with each decade
of adult life .
3. Lungs- maximum breathing capacity may
decline by about 40% between the age of 20 &
70.

7. 4. Brain-it losses some cells and others becomes
damaged .it adopts by increasing the number of
connection between neuron – synapse and by
regrowing the brand like extension Dendron and
axon that carry message to brain.
5. Sight- difficulty in focusing close up may begin
in the 40s , the s ability to distinguish fine
details may begins to decline in the 70s
6. Body fat –the body does not lose fat with age but
redistribute it from just under the skin likely to
store it in the lower body hips and thighs .
7. Hearing- It becomes more difficult to near higher
frequencies with age .
8. Muscles- without exercise estimated muscle mass
declines 22% for woman and 23% for man in age
of 30-70%

8. Theories of aging

9. What aspects of ageing can
be prevented
 Growing older can’t be prevented . However some
of the effects of aging can be slowed and even
prevented .prevention in later year requires
participating in health education and health
promotion activation designed to reduce the risk
of disease.
 Prevention also involves engaging in
intervention that impose outcomes in the event
an illness does occur and include effort that
reduce the risk of progressive disability and
decline of function in late lie the goals of
prevention also including maintaining
function vitality and quality of life .

10. Health practices for a long healthy life
 Seven to eight hours of sleep at night.
 Weight control .
 Exercise .
 Limited alcohol consumption .
 Not smoking.
 Eating breakfast .
 Seldom snacking.
Exercise has been shown to be an important
means of preventing cardiovascular disease,
falls and depression.

11.  Walking in recommended to all person who are
physically able .it is readily available and costs
are limiting beyond good pair of walking shoes
.
 Dietary exercises should be controlled .the
recommended diet ,calorie intake that is
balanced against the amount of energy
expanded .
 Saturated fats should be less that 10 % of the
total calories
 Using the recommended daily, one should make
sure to have an adequate intake of timber
mineral vitamins and fluids .

12.  Eroded telomeres are behind a rare premature ageing syndromes .
 Drug reveal another possible cause of aging .
 Aging not showed by antioxidants study rejects 50 year old year
theory.

13.  Eroded telomeres are behind a rare premature
aging syndromes-(science daily 2008 8 Aug ) –
each time a cell divides ,the protein caps at the
ends of chromosomes shorten and when these
caps are gone , so are we. Now by using an
unconventional strategy to shorten telomere in
mice. Researcher at ROCKFELLER
UNIVERSITY have not only created the first
faithful mouse model for studying a role yet
fatal premature aging syndrome ,but they have
revealed the molecular the molecular defect
behind the disease.
 Drug designed to target one aspect of aging
also seem to help repair dna damage and regulate
gene activity ,preventing them from going with
the time .

14.  Sirtiris pharmaceutical a company best known
for its development of an experiment drug
‘resveratrol . It activates an enzyme called
S1RT1. This enzyme rejuvenates mitochondrial
breakdown has been associated with many age
related diseases including heart disease diabetes
and dementia .
 Research led by scientist in the UK has
upturned a 50 year theory that maintenance
antioxidants stop or slow aging by
counteracting the oxidative stress on cells
caused by free radicals ,a finding that will
undermine clues made by beauty and diet that
promotes the anti aging properties of
antioxidants .