*Meaning and Nature of Power *Dimensions of Power *Types of Power Reference: MUTYA Publishing House Inc. PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE for SHS ** Disclaimer: All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim..

1. Prepared by: Ms. Irish Verone M. Polidario, LPT

2. Power is the capability to control and influence people’s
behavior as well as the capability to direct the paths
and result of events (Oxford University Press, 2015)
It can be perceived as good or bad, just or unjust, and its
exercise is accepted and acknowledged since the
beginning of time.
Power may be expressed as Upward, where the leader or
superior influences the members or subordinates; or it
may be expressed as Downward, where the members or
subordinates influence the decisions of their leader or
superior (Bukowski and Rajagopalan, 2000)

4. POWER
1. INFLUENCE
-the power to change or affect someone or something;
-the power to cause changes without directly forcing them to
happen; and
-a person or thing that affects someone or something in an
important way.

6. POWER
2. AUTHORITY LEGITIMACY
Authority is the power to give orders or make decisions; the
power or right to direct or control someone or something.
(Merriam- Webster, Incorporated, 2015)
Legitimacy means conformity to the law or to rules. It is the
acceptance of the government by the governed because they
believe that their leaders have the right to exercise power and
authority over them. Legitimacy is a product of power.
(Whalan, 2013; Jones, 2014)

8. POWER
2. SOVEREIGNTY
Sovereignty is the highest exercise of political power; it is
the supreme (and possibly unlimited power) and ultimate
authority that cannot be overruled by a higher power.
Sovereignty is exercised by government (Waluchow, 2014)

10. In his book, A Radical View (1974), Steven Michael Lukes
discussed three views of power.
His idea is that there are certain criteria in measuring the
effectiveness and level of power for a given group or
individual.

11. - the issue method.
- focuses only on behavior in decision making which are
apparent in observable situations like in making decisions
on issues over which there are conflicting interests of the
parties involved.
- Often, these can be observed through political participation
and action.
1. ONE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW
OF POWER

12. 2. TWO-DIMENSIONAL VIEW
OF POWER
 Setting the agenda.
 A person or group has power when that person or group
consciously or unconsciously creates or reinforces barriers
to the public airing of policy conflict.
 Determining the agenda is an important source of power.

13. 3. THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW
OF POWER
 manipulating the view of others.
 It is the set of ways in which the powerful transforms the
powerless in such a way that the latter behaves as the
former wishes, even without coerced.
 This is what Lukes termed as “power of domination.”

15. REWARD POWER
Persons who are in power are able to give out rewards.
Often, these rewards are in the form of promotions, added
benefits, salary increase, training opportunities, or
compliments.
This form of power is based on the thought that people are
more inclined to do things well when they are getting
something in return.

16. COERCIVE POWER
This form of power is based upon the idea of compulsion, which
means that someone is forced to do something against their will.
Coercion is applied when the boss (for example) wants his/her
employee to comply.
This form of power leads to problems because this is often abused.
Moreover, it can lead to unhealthy behavior and dissatisfaction at
work.

17. LEGITIMATE
POWER
This power gives the elected, selected, or appointed position of
authority the ability to administer to other people a certain
feeling of obligation or notion of responsibility.
Leaders can reward or punish their subordinates based on their
actions.
Disadvantage: Whenever the leaders lose their title, they also
lose their power to persuade or influence their subordinates.

18. REFERENT
POWER
Leaders in this form of power are
often seen as role models and their
power is often treated with
admiration or charm.
They are highly liked and people
identify strongly with them in some
way.

19. EXPERT
POWER
 Influence based on special skills or knowledge.
Referent Power influenced based on possession by an
individual of desirable resources or personal traits.
The fact is that, if someone has particular expertise within
an organization, they can often persuade employees, who
trust and respect them, to do things for them.

20. INFORMATIONAL
POWER
Power that comes from access to
and control over information.
Information is a form of influence
and social power by providing
information to a person resulting
them to think and act in different
way.

23. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING AND
PARTICIPATING IN
MY CLASS! 
HAVE A NICE DAY AHEAD!
Prepared by: Ms. Irish Verone M. Polidario, LPT