The document provides information on several important mathematicians throughout history including Pythagoras, who discovered the Pythagorean theorem; Euclid, who wrote The Elements and established geometry as we know it today; and Al-Khwarizmi, who wrote the first book on algebra. It also discusses Aristotle, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, De L'hopital, and Leonhard Euler and their contributions to mathematics, science, and calculus.