NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

Robert Sanderson
rsanderson@lanl.gov
Los Alamos National Laboratory

Herbert Van de Sompel
herbertv@lanl.gov
Los Alamos National Laboratory

With thanks to our collaborators:
•  Benjamin Albritton, at Stanford
•  Tim Cole, at UIUC
•  Jane Hunter, at Queensland
•  Michael L Nelson, at Old Dominion
•  Many others!

This research is funded in part by the Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation and the Library of Congress.

LANL Proto Team: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas 1
NLLC 2011, LANL, New Mexico, 6th October 2011

Overview … for the Web

•  Memento
•  Time Travel for the Web
•  Uses

•  Open Annotation
•  Interoperable Annotation for the Web
•  Use Case: SharedCanvas

•  SharedCanvas
•  Distributed Digital Facsimiles for the Web
•  Uses


Memento: Time Travel for the Web

Memento wants to make it Easy

to Navigate the Web of the Past

Website: http://www.mementoweb.org/


Tate Online Select Date Tate Online
Today March 16 2008 March 16 2008

From UK
National Archives

NLLC 2011, LANL, New Mexico, 6th October 2011 4

Old Versions of Web Pages Exist …

http://www.cnn.com/ at 2001-09-11: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks
From the Internet Archive at 2001-12-20: From the Wikipedia history


… But are not Integrated with the Web

•  We note three issues:

•  Cannot talk about a resource as it used to exist

•  Cannot navigate to a prior version of a resource,
knowing its current version

•  Cannot navigate to the current version of a resource,
knowing a prior version


Memento Framework

•  Memento:

•  Introduces a uniform version
mechanism to the Web: Time

•  Does not build new archives, but
leverages all existing ones

•  Is based on the Architecture of the
World Wide Web: resources,
representations and links


Original Resources and Mementos


TimeGate: A Bridge from the Present to the Past


Memento Framework in Practice


Memento Uses: Browsing with MementoFox

Get it from:
http://bit.ly/memfox

Firefox 3.6+
4000 downloads
400 daily users


Memento Uses: Time Series Analysis

Historical data retrieved via Memento from DBPedia archive


Memento Uses: Archiving Extent for Scholarship

UNT •  72% in archives and/or still exist

•  High proportion of archived
URLs, possibly due to academic
level and general disciplines

arXiv •  78% in archives and/or still exist

•  45% still exist, but not archived!
Possibly due to high value, but
very discipline specific references


Web-Centric Annotation: No Persistence

Google Sidewiki Annotation on http://news.bbc.co.uk/ as of 2010-06-14


1

Web-Centric Annotation: No Annotations

Archived page from:
http://www.dracos.co.uk/work/bbc-news-archive/2010/03/08/07.05.html

1

Web-Centric Annotation: Cross-Linking via Memento


1

Scholarly Communication and Annotation

Scholarly Communication is increasingly:
•  Online
•  Open
•  Distributed
•  Collaborative
•  Data-Oriented

Annotation is a scholarly primitive, spanning discipline and level.
Need to ensure that Digital Annotations fall under these headings!

•  Apply the standards and architecture of the World Wide Web to the
Annotation use case.
•  Even if scholar doesn’t share annotations with others, she will want
to access them from different tools and environments.


Open Annotation

•  Website: http://www.openannotation.org/

•  Focus on interoperable sharing of annotations
•  Web-centric and open, not locked down silos
•  Create, consume and interact in different environments
•  Build from a simple model for simple cases,
to more detailed for complex scholarly annotation requirements

•  Status: Beta, with 9 ongoing funded experiments to inform 1.0


Basic Model

The basic model has three resources:
•  Annotation (an RDF document)
•  Body (the ‘comment’ of the annotation)
•  Target (the resource the Body is ‘about’)


Basic Model Example


Segments of Resources

Most annotations are about part of a resource

Different segments for different media types:

•  Text: paragraph, arbitrary span of words
•  Image: rectangular or arbitrary shaped area
•  Audio: start and end time points, track name/number
•  Video: area and time points
•  Other: slice of a data set, volume in a 3d object, …


Constraints

•  Introduce a Constraint that describes the segment of interest
•  And a ConstrainedTarget that identifies the segment of interest
•  Constraints are resources, so can be expressive and detailed


Constraint Example


Annotation Protocols

Unlike previous systems, Open
Annotation does not mandate a
protocol.

No reliance on a client/server
combination gives the client
autonomy.

Instead we promote a publish/
subscribe methodology, where
annotations may be stored and
consumed from anywhere.

Protocol: publish, subscribe, consume tied together


Publish/Subscribe Method

We don’t specify how this transfer should occur

publish


Nor this.

publish subscribe


Nor this.

publish subscribe consume

Open Annotation Usage: SharedCanvas
BNF f.fr 113, folio 1 recto

http://www.shared-canvas.org/

Digital surrogates for digitized documents:
•  Initial use case: Medieval Manuscripts

A collaborative future:
•  Rich landscape of interconnected
repositories, with seamless user
interfaces

We need:
•  Shared description to act as input to
shared viewing environments


Naïve Approach: Transcribe Images Directly

Align multiple images, pages without images, fragments of pages… ?!


Canvas Paradigm

A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display
•  HTML5, SVG, PDF, … even Powerpoint!
•  Can "paint" many different resources, including text, images and
audio, on to a Canvas

We can use a Canvas to represent a page of a manuscript.

Distributed nature is fundamental in the requirements
•  Idea: Use Annotations to paint resources and comments
•  Annotations target the Canvas instead of the Images


Canvas to Page Relationship

The Canvas's top left and bottom right corners
correspond to the corners of the page


Annotate Image to Canvas

We can paint the canvas by annotating it with resources.


Annotate Text to Canvas Segment


Annotate Choice of Image


Annotate Many Texts


SharedCanvas: Implementation


Annotate Audio Resources


SharedCanvas: Implementation


SharedCanvas: Distributed Transcription …


… of Lab Notebooks and Dissertations?


Summary

Memento wants to make it Easy to Navigate the Web of the Past

Open Annotation enables sharing Annotations
between users, tools and environments.

SharedCanvas brings primary research objects to the desktop
in a powerful, extensible and interoperable fashion


Thank You!

Me: Robert Sanderson
rsanderson@lanl.gov
azaroth42@gmail.com
@azaroth42

Memento:
Web: http://www.mementoweb.org/

Open Annotation:
Web: http://www.openannotation.org/

SharedCanvas:
Web: http://www.shared-canvas.org/

These Slides: http://slidesha.re/…


NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

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