2. PRA
• PRA as a new approach and method in which rural
people them selves do much of the
investigation, presentation, analysis, planning and
dissemination than has been normal past.
Methods
PRA
Attitude
and
behaviors Sharing
3. Key Features of PRA
• Participatory process, Provides vast scope and
space for the community/participants
• No preset questionnaires; rather semi
structured/open-ended interview technique
followed
• Interactive process: exchange of ideas
• Enables people and outsiders to learn through
sharing of information
• Flexibility in using methods , Innovate adaptable
methods to suit local conditions
4. Key Principles of PRA
• Reversal of learning
• Learning rapidly and progressively
• Offsetting biases
• Triangulating
• Seeking complexity and diversity
• Facilitating- they do it
• Self critical awareness and analysis
5. Role clarity
Role of
Outsiders and
Insiders
Outsiders Insiders
Establish rapport, convene Map, model, diagram
Catalyze, facilitate, enquire Score, quantify, rank
Choose, adapt, improvise methods Show, inform, explain
Handover the stick Discuss, analyze, plan
Sit, relax, watch and listen Act, Monitor, evaluate
6. Stay in the village along with the villagers
Learn to unlearn by staying with the people, by
more of listening and less of talking
Establish a rapport with the people
Organize do-it-yourself to start the field work.
Dos
This will involve the team in trying their hands
at everyday local activities
Choose a place in consultation with the people
where men, women and people from different
sections of the community can gather and
participate
7. Create an open and enabling atmosphere to encourage
participation
Start and build up interaction and dialogue gradually
Meet the people at their convenience. Ensure that the
team from outside is multidisciplinary in nature
Decide the role of each member of the team from outside
Dos
Cultivate the attitude of letting people to set agenda
Ask open-ended questions in an informal way. Resort to
the six helpers of PRA: What? When? Where? Who?
How? Why?
Use locally available materials in all PRA exercises.
Be humble in your approach, respect the local people,
their culture, their customs and their way of life.
8. Be flexible in your approach.
Be an active participation in all the PRA
deliberation.
Be aware of the conflicts, if any; deal with
them in a positive way.
Dos
Be conscious of the silent and invisible
people in the village.
Be sensitive to the feelings of the people.
Be careful about your body language.
Think about the possible sequences of
methods that can be used before leaving for
the field.
Share your knowledge with the people.
Hand over the stick.
9. Don’t fail to listen closely.
Don’t ask leading questions
Don’ts
Don’t ask intensive questions.
Don’t fail to probe into issues.
Don’t fail to judge the responses.
Don’t interrupt.
Don’t dominate.
10. Don’t lecture.
Don’t personalize issues.
Don’ts
Don’t make false promises.
Don’t be arrogant and obsessive.
Don’t be judgmental.
Don’t use tricky language.
Don’t decide; rather facilitate the people to
decide.
12. - Social and Resource Map
Types of PRA Methods - Participatory Modeling
Method
- Mobility map
-Services and opportunities
map
-Transect
Space Related -Participatory Census
Method
- Timeline
PRA Methods Time Related Trend Analysis
Historical transect
Seasonal diagram
Cause-
effect, Impact, systems, n
Relation etwork Diagram, Process
Map, Well-being
Method Ranking, Venn
Diagram, Pair-wise
ranking, Matrix ranking
, FF
Analysis, Pie, Livelihood
analysis, Spider
Diagram, body Mapping
13. SOCIAL MAPPING
• It is used to present information on:
– Village layout
– Infrastructure
– Population
– Social stratifications
– Chronic health cases
– Disability
– Malnourished children
– Family planning
– Vaccination
– Widows
– Destitute and so on
14. Procedures
• Find the members of the community who know
and who are willing to be a part of it
• Take a walk with the participants and establish
compass direction at the boundaries on the
village areas
• Explain the purpose of the exercise to the
participants and request them to start off. Leave
them to use whatever the materials they choose
• Watch the process alertly. Listen the discussions
carefully
• Take notes in as much detail as possible
15. • Do not rush things. Avoid chipping in. Try to hand
over the stick to them
• Observe who are actively involved. Encourage
and facilitate others who are not able to say
anything
• Once mapping is over ask them to identify their
houses in the map
• Number the households and mark different
households according to the need
• Triangulate the information generated with
others in the locality
17. Applications
• Developing a comprehensive understanding of
the physical and social aspects of community
• Collecting demographic and other required
information household wise
• Providing a forum of discussion in which to
unravel the various aspects of social life
• Serving as a guiding instrument during the
process of planning intervention
• Serving as a monitoring and evaluation tool
18. Resource Map
• A resource map is mainly drawn to present
information on:
– Land, water and tree resources
– Land used, land and soil types
– Cropping pattern
– Land and water management etc
19. Procedures
• Establish rapport
• Find out key informants
• Explain the purpose
• Select a place
• Hand over the stick
• Observe the discussion
• Do not make objection
• Observe if any of the member is excluded from
discussion
21. Applications
• Resource maps are used for depicting of
various aspects related to the natural resource
management of a locality including:
– Topography and slopes
– Forest vegetations and tree species
– Soil type, fertility, erosion
– Land and forest use
– Water and water bodies
– Agriculture cropping pattern etc.
