1. Dr. Basil Bemgba Achie MBBS Ibadan
LANDMARKS AND MONUMENTS OF
AFRICA

2. Nile River
 The Nile River is the longest river in
the world.
 It has a length of about 4,132 miles
(6,650 kilometres) and drains an
area estimated at 1,293,000 square
miles (3,349,000 square kilometres).
 The river’s basin spans across the
countries of Egypt, Sudan, South
Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda,
and Tanzania.
 The Nile River empties into
the Mediterranean Sea in northern
Egypt
 From nourishing agricultural soil to
serving as a transportation route,
the Nile was vital to ancient Egypt's
civilization

3. Red Sea Reef
 A diverse reef system located in
the Red Sea, an inlet of the Indian
Ocean.
 The reef is considered part of the
African continent with proximity to
the African coastline.
 The Red Sea Reef is the largest
coral reef system in all of Africa
and the third largest reef system
in the world.
 It extends 1,240 miles (2,000 km)
along the coastline of Africa
(Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea)
 Comprised of an abundance of
aquatic life, lagoons, cylinders,
and platforms, it is home to over
1,100 species of fish and 200 soft
and hard corals.

4. Apartheid Museum, Johannesburg,
South Africa
 A museum in Johannesburg,
South Africa,
illustrating apartheid and the
20th-century history of South
Africa.
 Opened in November 2001.
 The Pillars of the
Constitution are located in
the courtyard.
 These includes one pillar for
each of the seven values
that are enshrined in the
South African Constitution.
 Namely, democracy, equality,
reconciliation, diversity,
responsibility, respect and
freedom.

5. Fish River Canyon, Namibia
 Located in the south
of Namibia., the Fish River
Canyon is the largest canyon
in Africa.
 It features a gigantic ravine,
about 160 kilometres
(100 mi) long, up to 27 km
wide and in places almost
550 meters deep.

6. Black Star Gate, Accra, Ghana
 The Black Star Gate is
located at the center of the
Independence Square, now
known as the Black Star
Square in Accra.
 It was commissioned
by Kwame Nkrumah to
indicate the country's
supreme power to control its
own affairs

7. Fasil Ghebbi, Ethiopia
 A fortress located in Gondar,
Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
 Founded in 1645 by Emperor
Fasilides.
 In the 16th and 17th
centuries, the fortress-city
of Fasil Ghebbi was the
residence of the Ethiopian
emperor Fasilides and his
successors.

8. Amphitheater of El Jem, Tunisia
 A large and well-preserved
Roman amphitheatre in El
Jem, Tunisia,
formerly Thysdrus in
the Roman province of
Africa.
 Built around 238 AD, it
measured 149m long by
124m wide and could hold
up to 35,000 spectators.
 It was the second-
largest colosseum in the
Roman world, after Rome's.

9. Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt
 A limestone statue of a
reclining sphinx, a mythical
creature with the head of a
human, and the body of a
lion.
 Located in Giza, Egypt, it
measures 73 metres (240 ft)
in length, 19 metres (62 ft) in
width and 20 metres (66 ft) in
height.
 Likely dates from the reign of
King Khafre (c. 2575–
c. 2465 BCE) and depicts his
face.

10. Serengeti Migration, Tanzania/Kenya
 The Great Wildebeest
Migration is the largest
animal migration in the
world.
 Every year, more than 2
million animals (wildebeest,
zebra, and gazelle) migrate
in a clockwise direction
across the ecosystems of
the Serengeti (Tanzania) and
the Masai Mara (Kenya).
 From late June to August is
when the Great Migration
peaks.

11. National Independence Monument,
Lomé, Togo.
 Built as a tribute to Togo's
independence from France
on April 27, 1960.
 The monument is comprised
of a human silhouette carved
within it and surrounded by
promenades, palm trees,
manicured lawns, fountains
and a black gold iron fence.

12. The Kenyatta International Convention
Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
 Formerly the Kenyatta
International Conference
Centre,
 It is a 28 storey building
located in Nairobi, Kenya.
 It was opened on 11
September 1973.
 The KICC is ranked as one
of the top places to hold
conferences on the
continent.

13. Palacio do Povo, Cabo Verde
 A public building in the city
centre of Mindelo in Cape
Verde.
 It was built in 1874, when
there were plans to move the
capital of Cape Verde to
Mindelo.
 It has been called Palacio do
Povo (People’s Palace)
since independence in 1975.

14. Tiglachin Memorial or Derg
Monument, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 A memorial to Ethiopian and
Cuban soldiers involved in
the Ogaden War.
 Located on Churchill Avenue
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

15. Great Temple of Ramses II, Abu
Simbel, Egypt
 Site of two temples built by
the Egyptian king Ramses
II (reigned 1279–1213 BCE),
now located in Aswan,
southern Egypt.
 The ancient monument show
sandstone figures of Ramses
II in front of the main temple.

16. Tour de I’Echangeur, Kinshasa, DRC
 A tower located in the commune of
Limete in Kinshasa, Democratic
Republic of the Congo.
 The tower stands in the middle of a
public square which was called
Exchange Square until 2011, when
its name was changed to
Reconstruction Square.
 It was ordered built by
President Mobutu Sese Seku in
1971 as a monument to Patrice
Lumumba.
 It is a total of 210 metres (689 feet)
tall.
 Today it hosts the Museum of
Contemporary and Multimedia Arts.

17. Menelik II Square, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
 The square was built to
celebrate the Ethiopian Victory
in the Battle of Adwa, which
concluded on Saint George's
Day.
 This statue of Emperor
Menelik II stands directly
across from Saint George's
Cathedral.
 The monument was erected
by Emperor Haile Selassie I,
in 1930, just before his
coronation.
 The center of this square is
considered "ground zero" of
the highways of the Nation.

18. African Renaissance Monument,
Dakar, Senegal
 A bronze statue perched on a
hill in Dakar, Senegal.
 It is the tallest statue in Africa,
standing 164 feet high. Taller
than the Statue of Liberty in the
U.S.A., and the second tallest
statue across the globe after the
statue of unity in Gujarat, India.
 The statue was inaugurated at a
ceremony on April 3, 2010.
 The unveiling marked Senegal's
50 years of independence.
 The statue is meant to
symbolize the triumph of African
liberation.

19. Giza Pyramid Complex
 The Giza Pyramids were built by
Pharaohs Khufu (tallest), Khafre
(background), and Menkaure
(front).
 They were burial complexes
built during a period of frenetic
construction, from roughly 2550
to 2490 B.C.
 The Great Pyramid was
the tallest man-made
structure in the world for more
than 3,800 years, standing at
146.6 metres (481 feet) initially.

20. Cairo Citadel of Saladin, Egypt
 The Cairo Citadel was built
by Saladin between 1176-
1183 AD and further
developed by subsequent
Egyptian rulers.
 Among the most impressive
and ambitious military
fortification projects of its
time.
 UNESCO World Heritage
site since 1979.

21. Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre,
South Africa
 Located in the Mapungubwe
National Park and World
Heritage Site.
 The building won the World
Architectural Building of the
Year Award in 2009.
 The stone-walling technique
used in the building of the
centre was adopted from a
native method prevalent in
the Mapungubwe area.

22. The Valley Of The Kings, Egypt
 The Valley of the Kings is a
royal burial ground for pharaohs
from the 18th, 19th, and 20th
dynasties (the New Kingdom of
Egypt), a period of nearly 500
years from the 16th to 11th
century BC.
 It is located on the Nile's west
bank near Luxor.
 In 1979, it became a World
Heritage Site, as well as the rest
of the Theban Necropolis.

23. Victoria Falls
 Victoria Falls is shared by
two countries: Zambia (to the
north) and Zimbabwe (to the
south).
 It is part of the mighty
Zambezi River, which forms
the border
between Zimbabwe and
Zambia.
 David Livingstone was the
first European to see the falls
(November 16, 1855). He
named them for Queen
Victoria of the United
Kingdom.

24. Sossusvlei, Namibia
 A salt and clay pan surrounded
by high red dunes,
 Located within the Namib-
Naukluft National Park in the
southern part of the Namib
Desert,
 The tallest dune is called “Big
Daddy”, reaching up to a
whopping 325 metres.
 The sand is five million years
old and gets its distinctive colour
from the thin layer of iron oxide
which coats its tiny grains.

25. Adomi Bridge, Atimpoku, Ghana
 A latticed steel arch
suspension bridge in Ghana.
 Located in Atimpoku in the
Eastern Region of Ghana, the
bridge crosses the Volta River
downstream of the Akosombo
Dam.
 It is Ghana's longest
suspension bridge.
 Constructed by Dorman Long
Ltd between March 1955 and
January 1957, the bridge was
opened on 25 January1957
by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's
first president.

26. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
 At 5,895m above sea level,
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania
is the tallest mountain on the
African continent.
 A dormant volcano located in
Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania,
most recent activity was about
200 years ago; the last major
eruption was 360,000 years
ago.
 Approximately 25,000 people
attempt to summit Mt.
Kilimanjaro annually.
Approximately two-thirds are
successful.

27. Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
 A protected area within the
Serengeti ecosystem, in the
Arusha Regions of Tanzania.
 The area includes
approximately 30,000 km² of
land, including the Serengeti
National Park and several
game reserves.
 It is a UNESCO World
Heritage site, best known for
its vast herds of animals,
especially Wildebeests,
Zebras, and Gazelles.

28. Sahara Desert
 It is the largest hot desert in
the world and the third-
largest desert overall, behind
the cold deserts of Antarctica
and the Arctic.
 Located in North Africa, it
covers an area of
9.2 million km².
 The Sahara Desert is one of
the driest and hottest regions
of the world.
 The average annual
temperature is 30°C whilst
the hottest temperature ever
recorded was 58°C.

29. Leptis Magna, Libya
 Largest city of the ancient
region of Tripolitania, in
modern Libya.
 Originally founded by the
Phoenicians in the 7th century
BC.
 Enlarged and embellished by
Emperor Septimius Severus
(who ruled from 193 to 211
AD), the Leptis Magna was
one of the most beautiful cities
of the Roman Empire in its
heyday.
 It was designated
a UNESCO World Heritage
site in 1982.

30. Ngorongoro Crater, Arusha, Tanzania
 The largest inactive and
intact volcanic caldera in the
world.
 The Ngorongoro volcano
was active from about 2.45
to 2 million years ago.
 Because of the variety of
animals present, the
Ngorongoro Crater is a well-
known tourist attraction.
 The Crater was officially
hailed as one of the Seven
Natural Wonders of Africa in
2015.

31. Alice Lane Towers, Johannesburg,
South Africa
 Also know as the dancing
towers, the 15 Alice Lane
Towers are commercial office
space towers located in
Sandton Central,
Johannesburg.
 The 17-storey twin towers
are constructed of concrete,
glass and aluminum.
 Its construction employed
cutting edge glass
technology.
 The project was designed by
the Paragob Architects
(Anthony Orelowitz, Raj
Patel and Anthony Butcher).

32. National Arts Theatre, Lagos
 The National Theatre,
Nigeria, is located in Iganmu,
Surulere, Lagos.
 It is the primary centre for
the performing arts in
Nigeria.
 Completed in 1976 in
preparation for the Festival
of Arts and Culture in 1977.
 Designed and constructed
by Bulgarian construction
company (Techno
Exporstroy).

33. Ancient Kano City Wall, Nigeria
 Ancient defensive walls built
to protect the inhabitants of
the ancient city of Kano.
 Started in 1095 by Sarki
Gijimasu, the third.
 Completed in the 14th
century under Sarki Usman
Zamnagawa Dan Shekarau.
 Constructed from laterite, a
reddish clayey material that
hardens when dry.
 Described as "the most
impressive monument in
West Africa“.

34. Osu Castle, Ghana
 A castle located in
Osu, Ghana, on the coast of
the Gulf of Guinea in Africa.
 Also known as Fort
Christiansborg or The
Castle,
 Built by Denmark-Norway in
the 1660s,
 Thereafter the fort changed
ownership between
Denmark-Norway, Portugal,
the Akwamu, Britain, and
finally post-Independence
Ghana.

35. Olduvai Gorge Museum, Tanzania
 Museum located in the
Ngorongoro Conservation
Area in Northern Tanzania
on the edge of the Olduvai
Gorge.
 It was opened on 3 October
2017.
 The museum exhibits
numerous hominid fossils,
stone tools and skeletons of
many extinct animals
excavated in the gorge.

36. Table Mountain, Cape Town, South
Africa
 Table Mountain is a flat
topped mountain in Cape
Town, South Africa.
 In 1503, Portuguese
explorer, Antonio de
Saldanha became the first
white man to hike up Table
Mountain and named it
Taboa do Cabo (Table of the
Cape).
 The mountain is home to a
wide diversity of wildlife.
 Voted one of the New Seven
Wonders of the World in
2011.

37. Okavango Delta, Botswana
 Delta in north-west Botswana
comprised of permanent
marshlands and seasonally
flooded plains.
 It is one of the very few major
interior delta systems that do
not flow into a sea or ocean.
 The Okavango Delta is home
to some of the world’s most
endangered species of large
mammal, such as the
cheetah, white rhinoceros,
black rhinoceros, African wild
dog and lion.
 On 22 June 2014, the
Okavango Delta became the
1000th site to be officially
inscribed on the UNESCO
World Heritage List.

38. Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town,
South Africa
 A bastion fort built between
1666 and 1679 by the Dutch
East India Company in Cape
Town, South Africa.
 Considered the best
preserved example of a
Dutch East India Company
fort.
 The oldest existing colonial
building in South Africa.
 The yellow paint on the walls
was chosen to reduce the
glare from the sunlight and
also because it reflects the
heat.

39. Voortrekker Monument, Pretoria,
South Africa
 Located just south
of Pretoria in South Africa,
 The monument is a granite
structure on a hilltop which
was raised to commemorate
the Voortrekkers (Boers) who
left the Cape
Colony between 1835 and
1854.
 Voortrekkers mean ‘pioneers’
in Afrikaans.
 Designed by the
architect Gerard Moerdijk, it
was started on 13 July 1937
and completed on 12
December 1949.

40. Union Buildings, Pretoria, South
Africa
 The Union Buildings form the
official seat of the South
African Government and also
house the offices of the
President of South Africa.
 Located at the highest point of
South Africa's capital city,
Pretoria.
 Designed by Herbert Baker in
1908 after the Neoclassical,
Edwardian and Cape Dutch
Architecture.
 Constructed between 1909
and 1913, they were originally
built to accommodate the
entire Public Service for
the Union of South Africa

41. Torre De La Libertad, Bata, Equatorial
Guinea
 A monument located in the
city of Bata, in the African
country of Equatorial Guinea.
 It was inaugurated on 12
October 2011 in the
celebrations for the
independence of the nation.

42. Makgadikgadi Salt Pans, Botswana
 Reputably the world’s largest
salt pan landscape (covering
an area of over 30 000 km2)
 Situated in the middle of the
dry savanna of north-eastern
Botswana.
 Lying south-west of the
Okavango Delta and
surrounded by the Kalahari
Desert.

43. African Heritage House, Nairobi,
Kenya
 African Heritage House is a
national monument in Kenya.
 Built between the years 1989
and 1994, the house was
designed and modelled by
Alan Donovan who is also
the owner.
 Its objective is to preserve
the forgotten architectural
designs of the African
continent.
 Inspired by the mud
architecture of the Great
Mosque of Djenneé in Mali,
the mud palaces of Morocco.

44. Reunification Monument, Yaoundé,
Cameroon
 Constructed in the 1970s to
memorialize the post-colonial
merging of British and
French Cameroon.
 Located in the city of
Yaoundé, Cameroon.
 The monument was
designed by Gédéon
Mpando and completed in
1974.
 It represents the hopes and
dreams of a bilingual
Cameroon.

45. The Corinthia Hotel Khartoum, Sudan
 A five-star hotel in
central Khartoum, the capital
of Sudan.
 Opened on 17 August 2008
 It was built and financed by
the Libyan government.
 It is designed to resemble a
ship's sail.

46. Kasubi Tombs, Kampala, Uganda
 The site of the burial grounds
for four kabakas (kings of
Buganda) and other
members of the Baganda
royal family.
 They constitute a site
embracing 26.8 hectares
of Kasubi hillside
within Kampala City.
 The site is the major spiritual
centre for the Baganda
where traditional and cultural
practices have been
preserved.

47. Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the
Dogons)
 Sandstone cliffs featuring
Dogon villages and ancient
caves once used by the
Tellem and Toloy peoples
located in the Mopti Region
of Mali.
 It features an outstanding
landscape of cliffs and sandy
plateaux with some beautiful
architecture.
 The Tellem people inhabited
the escarpment until the
fifteenth century,
 The area is inhabited today
by the Dogon people.

48. Lideta Market, Ethiopia
 A new non-typical shopping
mall in the Ethiopian capital,
Addis Ababa.
 Built between 2010 and
2017, it was awarded the
UNESCO Prix Versailles for
the world’s best shopping
centre in 2017.
 It was designed by Xavier
Vilalta architects.

49. Fiat Tagliero, Asmara, Eritrea
 A Futurist-style service
station in Asmara, Eritrea.
 Designed by Italian Architect
Guido Ferrazza, it was
completed in 1938.
 The building resembles an
aeroplane, consisting of the
central tower which supports
a pair of 15m wings built in
reinforced concrete.

50. Maropeng Visitors’ Centre, South
Africa
 The Maropeng Visitor Centre is
a UNESCO-listed Cradle of
Humankind, a site of important
fossil finds.
 Its name, Maropeng, means
“returning to the place of origin”
in Setswana, one of South
Africa’s 11 official languages.
 More than 1000 hominid fossils
have been found in a network of
limestone caves here, spanning
a period of around three million
years.

51. Pyramids of Meroe, Sudan
 The Meroe pyramids hold
burial chambers for Kushite
kings and queens whose rule
spanned nearly five
centuries from 592 BC to
350 AD,
 Located near the banks of
the Nile River in an area
known as Nubia in
northeastern Sudan.
 Built of granite and
sandstone in the Nubian
style, the Meroe pyramids
are marked by small bases
and steep slopes between
six and 30 metres in height.

52. The Great Zimbabwe Great Enclosure,
Masvingo, Zimbabwe
 The Great Zimbabwe is a ruin
of a medieval city in the south-
eastern hills of the modern
country of Zimbabwe,
near Lake Mutirikwi and the
town of Masvingo.
 It is estimated to have been
built between 1100 and 1450
AD.
 The city is divided into three
distinct architectural groups
known as the Hill Complex,
the Valley Complex, and the
Great Enclosure.
 It may have had
between 12,000 to 18,000
residents in its prime.

53. Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali
 A large brick or adobe
building in the Sudano-
Sahelian architectural style.
 Located in the city of
Djenné, Mali.
 The current structure dates
from 1907.
 At fifty-two feet high, it is the
largest mud-brick building
globally.
 Designated a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1988.

54. Bibliotheca, Alexandrina, Egypt
 A major library and cultural
center on the shore of
the Mediterranean
Sea in Alexandria, Egypt.
 It is a commemoration of
the Library of Alexandria,
once one of the largest
libraries in the world, which
was lost in antiquity.
 The complex was officially
inaugurated on 16 October
2002.

55. Akwa Ibom International Stadium,
Uyo, Nigeria
 Now known as the Godswill
Akpabio International
Stadium, is an all-seater
national
sports stadium located
in Uyo, the state capital
of Akwa Ibom State of
Nigeria.
 Modelled after Allianz Arena
in Munich, the stadium is a
30,000 seater capacity
multipurpose sports
complex.
 Constructed by Julius Berger
from 2012, it was completed
in 2014 and opened on 7
November 2014.

56. Lalibela Rock Hewn Churches,
Ethiopia
 One of eleven rock-
hewn monolithic churches
in Lalibela, a town in the
Amhara Region
of Ethiopia.
 These eleven medieval
monolithic churches were
carved out of rock.
 Their building is attributed
to King Lalibela who set
out to construct, in the
12th century, a ‘New
Jerusalem’.
 Lalibela is a high place of
Ethiopian Christianity, still
today a place of
pilgrimage and devotion.

57. Axum Obelisks, Ethiopia
 A 24-metre
megalith surrounded by
a ring of smaller
Obelisks.
 Built in the 4th century
by King Ezana.
 The Monolith of Axum
was taken from the
Ethiopians in the 1930s
and transported to
Rome as a spoil of war.
 In 2008, it was
repatriated
to widespread praise
across Ethiopia.

58. Avenue of the Baobabs, Madagascar
 A prominent group
of Grandidier's
baobabs (Adansonia
grandidieri) lining the
unpaved Road
No.8 between Morondava
and Belon'i Tsiribihina in
the Menabe region of
western Madagascar.
 The baobab trees are up to
2,800 years old, preserved by
the locals both for their own
sake and for their value as a
food source and building
material.
 The area is a natural monument
under conservation since July
2015, but the trees are still
threatened by further
deforestation.

59. Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art,
Cape Town, South Africa
 The largest museum of
contemporary art from
Africa and the first-ever
major institution dedicated
exclusively to artists from
across the African
continent and diaspora.
 Located in the Silo District
at the Victoria & Alfred
Waterfront in Cape Town,
South Africa.
 Designed by UK architect
Thomas Heatherwick and
unveiled on 22 September
2017.

60. Arch of Caracalla, Djemila, Algeria
 A Roman triumphal
arch located
at Djémila (formerly Culcul)
in Algeria.
 Erected in 216 AD in honor
of the Emperor Caracalla, his
mother, Julia Domna, and his
deceased father Septimius
Severus.
 Placed on the road leading
to Sitifis, it constituted the
entrance to the city's
Severan forum.

61. El-Kala National Park, Algeria
 The El Kala National Park and
Biosphere Reserve is one of
the national parks of Algeria in
the extreme north-east of the
country.
 Established in 1983, it has an
area of 764 km².
 It has unique ecosystems that
consist of a marine ecosystem,
mountains, dense woodlands,
picturesque forests and
numerous lakes.
 Recognized as a biosphere
reserve by the UNESCO on 17
December 1990.
 The park has 6 lakes
and 50 km of shores facing
the Mediterranean Sea.

62. The Test Garden of Hamma, Algeria
 A 32-hectare botanical
garden located in the
Mohamed Belouizdad district
of Algiers, established in
1832.
 The garden's principal
activity was to provide trees
to public organizations and
to European settlers.
 There are currently an
estimated 1,200 different
species of plant in the
garden.

63. Kasbah of Algiers, Algeria
 The Kasbah of Algiers or the
Citadel of Algiers in Algeria is
a series of white houses and
narrow streets, all cascading
down to the Mediterranean
Sea.
 Proclaimed World Cultural
Heritage site by UNESCO in
1992.

64. The Maqam Echahid (Martyrs
Monument), Algeria
 A concrete monument located in
Algiers commemorating
the Algerian War.
 Designed by Bachir Yelles and
Marian Konieczny, it was
unveiled in 1982 on the 20th
anniversary of Algeria’s
independence.
 It is fashioned in the shape of
three standing palm leaves,
which shelter the "Eternal
Flame" under it.
 At the edge of each palm leaf is
a statue of a soldier
representing a stage of Algeria's
struggle for independence.

65. The Fortress of Muxima, Angola
 Fortress located in the
village of Muxima, Luanda
Province of Angola.
 Built in 1599 by the
Portuguese from stone and
mortar.
 Classified as a National
monument in 1924.

66. Bafut Palace, Cameroon
 The Bafut Palace is located
in the Northwest province of
Cameroon.
 It has been the heart of
political power for the Fon
and the greater Bafut
kingdom for over 400 years.
 The palace embodies Bafut
cultural identity and remains
a center for religious rites
and traditional ceremonies.
 Over 50 houses are
clustered around the site’s
spiritual core, Achum Shrine.

67. Lake Nyos, Cameroon
 Lake Nyos is a deep lake high on the
flank of an inactive volcano in the Oku
volcanic plain along the Cameroon line of
volcanic activity.
 Located in the Northwest
Region of Cameroon, about 315 km
(196 mi) northwest of Yaoundé, the
capital
 A pocket of magma lies beneath the lake
and leaks carbon dioxide (CO2) into the
water, changing it into carbonic acid.
 In 1986, possibly as the result of a
landslide, Lake Nyos suddenly emitted a
large cloud of CO2,
which suffocated 1,746 people and 3,500
livestock in nearby towns and villages.

68. Tibesti Mountains, Chad
 Dubbed the The Alps of the
Sahara,
 The Tibesti is a volcanic
mountain range located In
northeastern Chad, a
hundred kilometres from the
nearest road and a thousand
kilometres from the capital
city of N’Djamena.
 An average of less than 20
millimetres of rain per year.

69. Cairo Tower, Egypt
 The Cairo is a free-
standing
concrete tower in Cairo,
Egypt, standing at 187 m
(614 ft).
 Located in the Gezira
district on Gezira Island in
the River Nile.
 Designed by the Egyptian
architect Naoum Shebib
and built between 1956
and 1961.
 Often considered Egypt's
second most famous
landmark after
the Pyramids of Giza.

70. Benito River Bridge, Equatorial
Guinea
 Benito River Bridge connects
Bolondo with Mbini in
Equatorial Guinea.
 The Chinese-built bridge
spans the Benito River,
replaces the old ferry and
gives Mbini easy access to
the North.

71. Massawa Imperial Palace, Eritrea
 Former Imperial Palace of
Ethiopian king Haile
Selassie.
 Located at Massawa,
Eritrea (formerly part of
Ethiopia).
 It was attacked in 1990 by
the Soviet-backed DERG
government of Mengistu
Haile Mariam during the
Ethiopian-Eritrean war.
 The palace was heavily
damaged during the
attack and has been
basically abandoned.

72. The Sandal Monument, Asmara,
Eritrea
 Sandal war memorial in
Asmara, Eritrea.
 A sculpture of two giant
sandals.
 Made of sheet metal and
extending more than 20 feet
long, the memorial lies in a
small park known as Shida
Square.
 The Shida is the footwear
that Eritrean nationalists
have worn since the 1960s in
their fight to attain an
independent country.

73. Kintampo Waterfalls, Ghana
 Formerly known as Sanders
Falls in colonial times,
Kintampo waterfalls is one of
Ghana’s highest waterfalls.
 Located in Bono East, on the
Pumpum river (a tributary of
the Black Volta)
 It falls about 70 metres
(230 ft)
 The waterfall was designated
in 1992 as a tourist site.

74. National Theatre Accra, Ghana
 Opened in 1992, the National
Theatre of Ghana houses the
three resident companies of the
National Dance Company,
the National Symphony
Orchestra, and the National
Theatre Players.
 Located in Victoriaborg.
 Built by the Chinese and offered
as a gift to Ghana.
 Construction started on 8 March
1990 and was completed on 16
December 1992.
 Structurally the theatre looks
like a gigantic ship or a seagull
spreading its wings.

75. Cape Coast Castle, Ghana
 One of about forty "slave
castles", or large commercial
forts, built on the Gold Coast of
West Africa (now Ghana) by
European traders.
 Used to hold enslaved Africans
before they were loaded
onto ships and sold in
the Americas, especially
the Caribbean.
 This “gate of no return” was the
last stop before crossing
the Atlantic Ocean.
 Cape Coast Castle, along with
other forts and castles in
Ghana, are included on
the UNESCO World Heritage
List because of their testimony
to the Atlantic gold and slave
trades

76. Dedan Kimathi Statue, Nairobi, Kenya
 Bronze statue of Mau Mau
leader Dedan Kimathi on a
graphite plinth erected in
central Nairobi, Kenya.
 He was a Kenyan rebel
leader who fought against
British colonization in Kenya
in the 1950s.
 Considered a terrorist by the
British colonial government
that ruled Kenya at the time,
he was convicted and
executed.
 His reputation as the leading
fighter for Kenyan freedom
remains today.

77. Fort Jesus, Kenya
 A fort located on Mombasa Island,
built between 1593 and 1596 by
order of King Felipe II of Castille,
who also reigned as King Filipe I of
Portugal and the Algarves,
 Built to guard the Old Port
of Mombasa, Fort Jesus is a fine
example of 16th century Portuguese
military architecture.
 Its name derives from the
Portuguese fleet which sailed under
the flag of the order of Christ.
 Fort Jesus became a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 2011.

78. Mau Mau Monument, Kenya
 A UK-funded monument to
honour Kenyan freedom
fighters located at Freedom
Corner, Uhuru Park in
Nairobi.
 Official title of the monument
is ‘Memorial to the Victims of
Torture and Ill-Treatment in
the Colonial Era 1952-1960’.
 It was opened on 12
September 2015.
 It is a symbol of
remembrance and
reconciliation.

79. JJ Roberts Monument, Monrovia,
Liberia
 Monument in memory of the first
president of Liberia, Joseph
Jenkins Roberts.
 JJ Roberts was the first (1848–
1856) and also 7th (1872–1876)
president of Liberia.
 He was born free in Norfolk in
Virginia, USA, and emigrated to
Liberia as a young man.
 He became the leader of the
roughly 4000 Americans who
came to the country to establish
a first republic in Africa.
 The structure is a tall rectangle
with a statue of Roberts
standing in front.

80. The Ambohitsorohitra Palace,
Madagascar
 A presidential palace in the
capital of Madagascar,
Antananarivo.
 Built between 1890 and
1892, it was officially
inaugurated on 14 July 1892.
 Built to house the office and
the residence of the French
governor of Madagascar, it
now serves only a symbolic
role.

81. The Royal Hill of Ambohimanga,
Madagascar
 The Royal Hill of
Ambohimanga consists of a
royal city and burial site, and
an ensemble of sacred
places.
 Located about 25 kilometres
northeast of Antananarivo in
the central highlands of
Madagascar.
 First occupied in the fifteenth
century, the Royal Hill of
Ambohimanga has become
the most significant symbol
of the cultural identity of the
people of Madagascar.
 Ambohimanga simply means
“blue hill” in English.

82. Cape MacLear, Malawi Lake, Malawi
 The busiest resort on Lake
Malawi.
 Named "Cape Maclear“ by
the missionary and explorer
David Livingstone in 1859.
 Cape Maclear and its
islands, forests and bay were
declared a national park in
1980, creating the Lake
Malawi National Park, the
first freshwater national park
in the world.
 The area became
a UNESCO World Heritage
Site in 1984,

83. Manchewe Falls, Malawi
 A 125m high waterfall
in Livingstonia, Malawi, the
highest in the country.
 The waterfalls, surrounded
by lush rainforest, can be
viewed from Lukwe
Ecocamp which is 300
metres away.
 People hiding from slavers,
over 100 years ago, used to
flee to the caves behind the
Falls.

84. Ben Amera, Mauritania
 The largest monolith in
Africa, considered second
only to Australia’s Uluru in
the world.
 Situated in the Adrar region
of the Sahara Desert, in
Mauritania, near the border
with Western Sahara.
 It is a giant rock that rises
2076ft (633m) from the
ground.
 Geologists think Ben Amera
is actually larger than Uluru if
you take into account the
portion of the rock beneath
the Saharan sand.

85. Monument Against Genocide, Rwanda
 Historical monument which is
part of the Campaign Against
Genocide (CAG) Museum.
 The Campaign Against
Genocide (CAG) Museum is
situated in the Parliamentary
building in Kigali, Rwanda.

86. Bicentennial Monument, Victoria,
Seychelles
 Also known as the Three Wings
Monument.
 Three pairs of sprawling white
wings at the roundabout
between 5th of June and
Liberation Avenue, Victoria,
Seychelles.
 Erected in 1978 on the occasion
of the 200th anniversary of the
city of Victoria.
 The three wings represent the
origin of the Population of
Seychelles (Africa, Europe and
Asia).
 The monument was created by
the Italian artist Lorenzo
Appiani.

87. Gondershe Citadel, Somalia
 Ruins of an ancient stone
city built on a
coastal promontory.
 Gondershe is situated about
20 kilometers northeast
of Merca and about 50
kilometers southwest
of Mogadishu, Somalia.

88. Tomb of The Unknown Soldier,
Somalia
 Mogadishu monument
of the Unknown Soldier.
 Located in Mogadishu
city in Banaadir.

89. Nobel Square, Cape Town, South
Africa
 A public square in
the Victoria & Alfred
Waterfront neighborhood
of Cape Town, South Africa.
 Dedicated to South Africa’s
four Nobel Peace Prize
laureates: Albert
Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, FW
de Klerk and Nelson
Mandela.
 The images are slightly
larger than life-size and have
the Laureates' preferred
quotations engraved in their
chosen language in front of
the sculptures.

90. Kalambo Falls, Zambia
 A 772-foot (235 m) single-
drop waterfall on the border
of Zambia and Rukwa
Region, Tanzania at the
southeast end of Lake
Tanganyika.
 The 12th highest waterfall in
the world
 Africa’s second highest fresh
water body
free-falling or single-drop
waterfalls (second to the
Tugela Falls in South Africa).

91. Blyde (Molatse) River Canyon, South
Africa
 Blyde River Canyon is the
largest green canyon in the
world, stretching over 26 km,
and 800m deep.
 It is located in the Drakensberg
Escarpment in northwestern
South Africa.
 Its name was changed by South
Africa to Molatse River Canyon
in 2005.
 Molatse means ‘always full’ in
the local MaPulane language
while ‘Blyde’ means ‘happy’ in
Dutch.