1. Presented by:
Siwar Bdioui
Athil Mahmoudi

2. CONTENT
 What is observation ?
What is classroom observation?
What should be taken into consideration?
What are the purposes behind classroom
observation?
What are the types of observers?

3. What is observation ?
The observation method is the most commonly used
method specially in studies relating to behavioral
science. Observation is a scientific tool and the method
of data collection for the researcher. It is also a process
of recording the behavior patterns of people, objects,
and occurrences without questioning or communicating
with them.

4. What is classroom observation
A process whereby a person sits in class session,
records the teacher’s teaching practices and
student actions, and meets with the teacher to
discuss observation.

5. What should be taken into
consideration ?
 Recording what the instructor is doing and saying.
 What the students are doing and saying.
 The interaction between the teacher and the
students.

6. Through classroom observation, observer can see
three aspects of the teaching-learning system:
Input resources (e.g. professional development)
Teachers’ interaction competence
Learning outcomes

7. What is the purpose of
classroom observation?
Allows teachers to:
Receive feedback from an objective, experienced observer.
Engage in context specific discussions about teaching
delivery with the observer.
Train future teachers and give them an opportunity
to see the practical of what they have learnt .

8. Types of observers
 Participant observer
 Non-Participant observer
 Structured observer
 Non- Structured observer

9. Participant observer
 physical immersion of observer in a classroom in which he
seeks to observe the behavior of members of that
classroom.
 In-depth study of the members within the classroom.
 Close interaction and relation between observer and
subject.

10. Non-Participant observer
 Observer observes but does not participate in what is
going on in the classroom.
 Observations are Planned and structured.
 Observer abstains himself from his physical presence
in the class.

11. Structured observer
 Direct observation of behavior and recording of the behavior and
the recording of that behavior in term of categories that have
been devised prior to start data collection.
 Explicitly formulated rules for observation and recording of
behavior.

12. Non- Structured observer
 No use of observation schedule for recording of
behavior.
 Gives narrative account of the behavior.
 Unplanned and informal.