Slide I made for beginning to iPhone development. Most of them borrowed from ppt of the iPhone development course in Stanford University.

1. iPhone
Objective-C, UIKit
bofeng@corp.netease.com
@vonbo

2. Agenda
• overview
• objective-c
• iPhone UIKit

3. overview

4. First iPhone App
• Hello world!

5. Things we have
• Hello world!

6. • xcode SDK
• & test with Simulator
• test with iPhone/iPod touch ($99)
• appstore
•

7. iPhone VS Android

8. objective-c

9. Objective C
•
•
• runtime
• foudation framework: values and collection classes
•
• category
• protocol

10. Sample Code
hello world

12. objective c
• @
• @interface, @implementation, @class
• @property, @synthesize
• @protocol
• NSString* str = @”hello world”
• [receiver message]
• C C++

17. Sample Code
class and message

18. runtime
• id
• class & className
• respondsToSelector
• performSelector
• isKindOfClass (super class included)
• isMemberOfClass
• @selector

19. @selector
• SEL
• C++

22. action
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(20, 20, 100, 30);
UIButton* myButton = [UIButton
buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
myButton.frame = rect;
[myButton setTitle:@"my button"
forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[myButton addTarget:self action:@selector(btnClick:)
forControlEvents : UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:myButton];

23. Sample
runtime & selector

24. Foundation Framework
• Value and Collection Classes
• User defaults
• Archiving
• Task, timers, thread
• File system, I/0
• etc ...

25. Value and Collection
Classes
• NSString & NSMutableString
• NSArray & NSMutableArray
• NSDictionary & NSMutableDictionary
• NSSet & NSMutableSet
• NSNumber [a obj-c object wrapper for basic C
type]
• (NSNumber* num = [NSNumber
numberWithInt:3])

26. Sample Code
collection classes

27. • alloc new
• alloc&dealloc C++ new&delete
• but with ...

28. • alloc new copy
1.
retain
release
• 0
Obj-C dealloc
dealloc
dealloc

29. Sample Code
“ ” ...
memory management

30. Getter & Setter
@property & @synthesize

31. • new alloc copy
1.
release
•
retain release

32. but how to solve this ?
- (Person*) getChild {
Person* child = [[Person alloc] init];
[child setName:@”xxxx”];
....
// will return ... [child release] or not ?
return child;
}

33. Autorelease
• NSAutoreleasePool* pool ...
• [object autorelease]
• autorelease
NSAutoreleasePool
release

34. That’s why create pool
first ...
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
NSAutoreleasePool* pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// put your own code here ...
[pool release];
}

35. how to solve this ?
- (Person*) getChild {
Person* child = [[Person alloc] init];
[child setName:@”xxxx”];
....
// will return ... [child release] or not ?
return [child autorelease];
}

36. Autorelease Pool
•
• NSMutableArray pool
• autorelease Array
• pool Array
release
• autorelease pool
autorelease
pool pool

37. Autorelease Pool Stack
NSAutoreleasePool* poolFirst ..
for (int i=0; i < 10000; i++) {
NSAutoreleasePool* poolSecond ...
// have some autorelease object
// [object autorelease]
[poolSecond release];
}
// other code
[poolFirst release];

38. Autorelease Pool
•
• NSAutoreleasePool
• alloc release
• Autorelease pool retain
autorelease [pool retain] or [pool autorelease]
• AutoreleasePool “
”
• pool pool
iphone
release autorelease

39. • new alloc copy
1.
release autorelease
•
1
[NSString stringWithString:@”objc”]
•
retain release

40. Category

41. Sample Code
category

42. NSString Class
Cluster ...

43. Sample Code
something about class cluster ...

44. Category
•
•
•

45. Protocol
• familiar with C++ virtual class
• familiar with Java’s interface
•
• @optional
@required
warning required

46. protocol
@protocol TwoMethod
- (void) oneMethod;
- (void) anotherMethod;
@end

47. Class & Protocol
@interface MyClass : NSObject <TwoMethod> {
}
@end
@implementation MyClass
-(void) oneMethod {
// oneMethod’s implementation
}
- (void) anotherMethod {
// anotherMethod’s implementation
}
@end

48. Sample Code
protocol

49. Objective C
•
•
• runtime id, @selector, respondsToSelector ...
• foudation framework: values and collection classes
•
• category class cluster “ ”
• protocol

50. Using Objective-C Now !
• without mac
• ubuntu:
• sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
• bash /usr/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/
GNUstep.sh
• GNUmakefile
• http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?
t=190168

51. iPhone UIKit

52. iPhone Application
• &
• MVC
• Views (design & life cycle)
• Navigation based & Tab Bar based application
• very important TableView
•
• Web service

54. UIApplication
• Every application must have exactly one instance of
UIApplication (or a subclass of UIApplication). When
an application is launched, the UIApplicationMain
function is called; among its other tasks, this
function create a singleton UIApplication object.
• The application object is typically assigned a
delegate, an object that the application informs of
significant runtime events—for example, application
launch, low-memory warnings, and application
termination—giving it an opportunity to respond
appropriately.

57. UIApplicationMain
• delegateClassName
• Specify nil if you load the delegate object
from your application’s main nib file.
• from Info.plist get main nib file
• from main nib file get the application’s
delegate

61. UIControl
• UILabel
• UIButton
• UITableView
• UINavigatorBar
• ...

62. - design time

63. Demo
button click

64. Without IB ?
create a button and bind event by code

67. Views
• View view
superview subviews
• iphone app window Views
window window view (top level)
• view
• - (void)addSubview:(UIView *)view;
• - (void)removeFromSuperview;
• Superviews retain their subviews
• UIView CGRect CGPoint
CGSize

68. View’s life cycle & hook
function
• initWithNibName:bundle
• viewDidLoad
• viewWillAppear
• viewWillDisappear
• ...maybe viewDidUnload
• hook function
• shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation
• didReceiveMemoryWarning

69. Navigation Controller

77. UINavigationController
• manages the currently displayed screens using the
navigation stack
• at the bottom of this stack is the root view controller
• at the top of the stack is the view controller currently
being displayed
• method:
• pushViewController:animated:
• popViewControllerAnimated:

78. Demo
UINavigationController

79. TabBar Controller

85. UITabBarController
• implements a specialized view controller that
manages a radio-style selection interface
• When the user selects a specific tab, the tab
bar controller displays the root view of the
corresponding view controller, replacing any
previous views
• init with an array (has many view controllers)

86. Demo
UITabBarController

87. Combine
• UI
• TabBarController Based +
NavigationController

90. Demo
Combine UITabBarController &
UINavigationController

91. TableView
• display a list of data
• Single column, multiple rows
• Vertical scrolling
• Powerful and ubiquitous in iPhone
applications

94. Display data in Table View
•
• Table views display a list of data, so use an array
• [myTableView setList:myListOfStuff];
•
• All data is loaded upfront
• All data stays in memory
•
• Another object provides data to the table view
• Not all at once
• Just as it’s needed for display
• Like a delegate, but purely data-oriented

103. Demo
UITableView <UITableViewDataSource>

106. Selection

108. Demo
UITableView <UITableViewDelegate>

109. UITabBar + UINavigation + UITableView !
NavigationController
TableViewController
TabBarController

110. Demo
UITabBar + UINavigation + UITableView

111. • Propery Lists, NSUserDefaults
• SQLite
• Core Data

112. SandBox
• Why keep applications separate?
• Security
• Privacy
• Cleanup after deleting an app

113. Sample: /Users/xxx/library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.0/Applications

116. Property Lists
• Convenient way to store a small amount of data
• Arrays, dictionaries, strings, numbers, dates, raw data
• Human-readable XML or binary format
• NSUserDefaults class uses property lists under the hood
• When Not to Use Property Lists
• More than a few hundred KB of data
• Custom object types
• Multiple writers (e.g. not ACID)

119. Demo
Save data with NSUserDefaults

120. SQLite
• Complete SQL database in an ordinary file
• Simple, compact, fast, reliable
• No server
• Great for embedded devices
• Included on the iPhone platform
• When Not to Use SQLite
• Multi-gigabyte databases
• High concurrency (multiple writers)
• Client-server applications

122. SQLite Obj-C Wrapper
• http://code.google.com/p/flycode/source/browse/
trunk/fmdb
• A query maybe like this:
• [dbconn executeQuery:@"select * from call"]

124. Using Web Service
• Two Common ways:
• XML
• libxml2
• Tree-based: easy to parse, entire tree in memory
• Event-driven: less memory, more complex to manage state
• NSXMLParser
• Event-driven API: simpler but less powerful than libxml2
• JSON
• Open source json-framework wrapper for Objective-C
• http://code.google.com/p/json-framework/

125. NSURLConnection
• NSMutableURLRequest
• - connectionWithRequest: delegate
• delegate method:
• – connection:didReceiveResponse:
• – connection:didReceiveData:
• – connection:didFailWithError:
• – connectionDidFinishLoading:

126. Demo
use json-framework and NSURLConnection with hi-api

127. iPhone Application
• &
• MVC
• Views (design & life cycle)
• Navigation based & Tab Bar based application
& TableView
• (sandbox, property list,
sqlite)
• Web service

128. • Objective-C
• The iPhone Developer’s Cookbook
• Programming in Objective-C 2.0
•
• Stanford iPhone dev course
• iTunes iTune Store cs193p
mac windows

129. Q &A
The End