2. -the computer is one of the wonders of human
ingenuity, even it its original design in the 1950’s
to carry out complicated mathematical and logical
operations. With the invention of the
microcomputer(now also commonly referred to
PCs or personal computers), the PC has become
the tool for programmed instruction
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3. -The computer can be a tutor in effect relieving
the teacher of many activities in his personal role as
classroom tutor.
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4. Even with the available computer and CAI software,
the teacher must:
insure that students have the needed knowledge
and skills for any computer activity
decide the appropriate learning objectives
plan the sequential and structured activities to
achieve objectives
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5. evaluate the students’ achievement by ways of tests
the specific expected outcomes
The students in CAI play their own roles as learners
as they:
receive information
understand instructions for the computer activity
retain/keep in mind the information and rules for the
computer activity
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6. apply the knowledge and rules during the process of
computer learning.
During the computer activity proper in CAI the
computer, too, plays its roles as it:
acts a sort of tutor (the role traditional played by the
teacher)
provides a learning environment
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7. delivers learning instruction
reinforces learning through drill-and-practice
provides feedback
CAI
works best in reinforcing learning through
repetitive exercises such that students can practice
basic skills or knowledge in various subject areas.
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8. The questions arises: when and how can teachers
integrate drill and practice programs with their
lessons? The following suggestions can be made:
use drill and practice programs for basic skills and
knowledge that require rapid or automatic response
by students
ensure that drill and practice activities conform to
the lesson plan/curriculum
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9. limit drill and practice to 20-30 minutes to avoid
problem
use drill and practice to assist students with
particular weakness in basic skills
teach new content/new information on to
students (inasmuch as CAI provides practice on
old already learned content)
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10. provide comprehensive information on concepts in
addition to practice exercise.
can be effectively use for remediation, reviewing, or
enrichment.
allow the teacher to introduce follow- up questions
to stimulate students learning.
permits group activity for cooperative learning
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11. Simulation Programs
-simulation software materials are another kind of
software that is constructivist in nature. This simulation
software:
teachers strategies and rules applied to real-life
problems/situations.
asks students to make decision on models or scenarios.
allows students to manipulate elements of a model and
get the experience of the effects of their decisions.
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12. Instructional Games
-while relating to low-level learning objectives,
instructional computer games add the elements of
competition and challenge
Problem Solving Software
-this are more sophisticated than the drill and
practice exercise and allow students to learn and improve
on their problem solving ability. Since problems cannot be
solved simply by memorizing facts the students have to
employ higher thinking skills such as logic, recognition,
reflection, and strategy-making
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13. Multimedia, Encyclopaedia And Electronic Books.
The multimedia encyclopaedia can store a huge
database with text, images, audio and video.
Electronic books provide textual information for
reading, supplemented by others type of multimedia
information(sounds, spoken, words, pictures
animation).
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