2. Contents
• Overview
• Objectives
• Mass
• What’s on board
• Trajectory
• Photographs
• Success and Celebrations
• MOM Vs NASA’s MAVEN
• Key to the low cost
• What do others think about our success ?
3. Overview
• On 23 November 2008, the first public
acknowledgement of an unmanned mission to
Mars
• The government of India approved the project on
3 August 2012
• The total project cost may be up to INR454 crore
(US$71 million)
– The satellite costs INR153 crore (US$24 million)
– The rest of the budget has been attributed to ground
stations and relay upgrades that will be used for other
ISRO projects.
4. Objectives
• The primary objective of the Mars Orbiter Mission is
to showcase India's rocket launch systems,
spacecraft building and operations capabilities
• To develop the technologies required for design,
planning, management and operations of an
interplanetary mission.
• The secondary objective is to explore Mars' surface
features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian
atmosphere using indigenous scientific instruments
5. Primary objectives
• The main objectives are to develop the technologies
required for design, planning, management and operations
of an interplanetary mission comprising the following major
tasks
• 1 Orbit manoeuvres to transfer the spacecraft from Earth-
centred orbit to heliocentric trajectory and finally, capture
into Martian orbit
• 2 Development of force models and algorithms for orbit and
attitude computations and analyses
• 3 Meeting power, communications, thermal and payload
operation requirements, and maintain the spacecraft in all
phases
• 4 Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency
situations
6. Scientific objectives
• The scientific objectives deal with the following major
aspects:
• 1 Exploration of Mars surface features by studying the
morphology, topography and mineralogy
• 2 Study the constituents of Martian atmosphere including
methane and CO2 using remote sensing techniques
• 3 Study the dynamics of the upper atmosphere of Mars,
effects of solar wind and radiation and the escape of
volatiles to outer space
• 4 The mission would also provide multiple opportunities to
observe the Martian moon Phobos and also offer an
opportunity to identify and re-estimate the orbits of
asteroids seen during the Martian Transfer Trajectory.
7. Mass
• The lift-off mass was 1,350 kg, including 852 kg of propellant.
• The satellite structure is constructed of an aluminium and
composite fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) sandwich
construction.
• Power: Electric power is generated by three solar array panels
of 1.8 m × 1.4 m each, for a maximum of 840 watts of power
generation in Mars orbit. Electricity is stored in a battery
• Propulsion: A liquid fuel engine with a thrust of 440 newtons
is used for orbit raising and insertion into Mars orbit.
• The orbiter also has eight 22-newton thrusters for motion and
position control. Its propellant mass is 852 kg
8. What's on board ?
• Lyman-Alpha Photometer (LAP)
A photometer that measures the
relative abundance of deuterium
and hydrogen from Lyman-alpha
emissions in the upper
atmosphere. Measuring the
deuterium/hydrogen ratio will
allow an estimation of the amount
of water loss to outer space.
9. • Methane Sensor for Mars
(MSM)
To measure methane in the
atmosphere of Mars, if any,
and map its sources.[4]
MSM is designed to
measure methane (CH4) in
the Martian atmosphere
with parts-per-billion (ppb)
accuracy and map its
sources. (Some microbes
produce methane)
10. • Mars Exospheric Neutral
Composition Analyser (MENCA)
– is a quadrupole mass analyzer
capable of analyzing the neutral
composition of particles in the
range of 1–300 amu (atomic
mass unit) with unit mass
resolution.
• Thermal Infrared Imaging
Spectrometer (TIS) – TIS
measures the thermal emission
and can be operated during both
day and night. It would map
surface composition and
mineralogy of Mars and also
monitor atmospheric CO2 and
turbidity (required for the
correction of MSM data).
11. Mars Colour Camera (MCC)
– This tricolour camera gives
images and information
about the surface features
and composition of Martian
surface.
It is useful to monitor the
dynamic events and
weather of Mars like dust
storms/atmospheric
turbidity.
15. First image of the Earth by MCC of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft taken
on Nov 19, 2013
16.
17. First image of the Earth by MCC of Mars Orbiter Spacecraft taken
on Nov 19, 2013
18. Eos Chaos area, part of the gigantic Valles Marineris Canyon of
Mars
19. Phobos, one of the two natural satellites of Mars silhouetted
against the Martian surface
20. Taken using the Mars Color Camera from an altitude of 8449 km
21. Regional dust storm activities over Northern Hemisphere of
Mars - captured by MCC
22. Success
Yes, We did it !
India has become the
first country EVER to
enter Mars orbit on
the first attempt!
"MOM ka Mangal se milan hua (MOM has
been united with Mars)....Scientists have
made great personal sacrifices to achieve this.
Through your achievements, you have
honoured our fore-fathers, and inspired our
future generations."
- Narendra Modi, Honourable PM, India
23. Comparison with NASA's MAVEN
(Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission)
• Both vehicles arrive at Mars the same week (22 Sept
2014 for MAVEN and 24 Sept 2014 for MOM). MOM
is taking longer to get there because of the multiple
Earthbound maneuvers in its trajectory.
24. • MOM : Primary objective is to develop the technologies
required for design, planning, management and operations of
an interplanetary mission.
• The secondary objective is to explore Mars' surface features,
morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere using
indigenous scientific instruments
• MAVEN : MAVEN is the first spacecraft that will focus primarily
on the state of the upper atmosphere, the processes that
control it, and the overall atmospheric loss that is currently
occurring. Specifically, MAVEN will explore the processes
through which the top of the Martian atmosphere can be lost
to space. Scientists think that this loss could be important in
explaining the changes in the climate of Mars that have
occurred over the last four billion years.
25. • MOM :
• Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)
• Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS)
• Mars Color Camera (MCC)
• Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM)
• Martian Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA)
• MAVEN :
• 1 Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA)
• 2 Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA)
• 3 Suprathermal and Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC)
• 4 Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW)
• 5 Magnetometer (MAG)
• 6 Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS)
• 7 Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS)
26. • MOM : MOM is primarily intended to provide
information to ISRO on how to plan, design, manage,
and operate interplanetary missions. It is an invaluable
and essential process that will allow larger scale future
missions. The information will be of great use to
engineers and mission planners at ISRO. Although
limited, the Mars information will also no doubt be of
interest to researchers.
• MAVEN : MAVEN's data is far more specialized and of
interest to smaller groups of researchers, but the
project fits under one of NASA's "Big Questions" -
specifically understanding how life developed on Earth.
Studying the atmosphere of Mars should provide
insights to researchers interested in the evolution of
Earth's atmosphere.
27. Secret of Low Cost
• People costs are less in this populous nation, and
the scientists and engineers working on any space
mission are always the largest part of the ticket
price
• Home-grown components and technologies have
also been prioritized over expensive foreign
imports
• The payload weighs only about 15kg, as
compared to the complexity in the payload in
Maven
28. What do others think about India's
success ?
• Mankind's exploration of space should not be a
national endeavor, it should be a global endeavor.
The ISS has taught NASA, ESA, CSA, JAXA, and RSA
to work together.
MOM will teach NASA and ISRO how to work
together. Hopefully someday that means we will
all work together to expand our frontiers into
interplanetary space.
Robert Frost,
Instructor/engineer in the Flight Operations Directorate at NASA
29. This cartoon was published in the New York Times after
India successfully launching its Mars Orbiter Mission.
30. After few days, when a US satellite launcher exploded during its liftoff.
This was the reply by Hindustan Times
New York Times understood their mistake and apologized !
