The document discusses opportunities and challenges around rights technologies. It covers topics like encryption, content identification, and licensing automation. Regarding encryption, it notes successes with time-bounded access and bundling content with devices. Content identification has succeeded in identifying music uploads and monetizing them. However, licensing automation faces challenges around standard identifiers, machine-readable rights descriptions, and fragmentation. The document advocates lowering costs of rights technologies and converting sticks (restrictions) into carrots (incentives) to encourage widespread adoption.
The Fit for Passkeys for Employee and Consumer Sign-ins: FIDO Paris Seminar.pptx
Rights Technologies: Carrots, Sticks and the Path Forward
1. The Carrot or the Stick:
Opportunities and Challenges in Rights
Technologies
Bill Rosenblatt
November 4, 2013
2. About GiantSteps
Consultancy focused on content & rights technologies
Clients include copyright owners, service providers,
technology vendors
Advisory work for public policy and standards bodies
on digital copyright
3. Rights Technology Innovation in Asia-Pacific
450
70
400
60
350
50
Gross Expenditure
on R&D (USD Billion)
300
250
40
200
30
150
20
100
Rights Technologies
Output (research
papers)
Rights Technologies
R&D Index
10
50
0
0
Device Producers
Content Producers
Sources: OECD, IMF
7. Encryption Technologies
DRM
– Generally refers to encrypted downloaded files
CAS
– Encryption of streams/signals over managed network
Stream encryption
– Over unmanaged network (Internet)
8. Where Has Encryption Succeeded?
Time-bounded
access
Content bundled
with devices
Managing risk during
transition from
physical to digital
Reducing personal
infringement
(“oversharing”)
9. Digital Transitions and DRM
DRM manages risk in new digital markets
– Risk of infringement by tech-savvy early adopters
– Protection of service providers’ investment
When leader emerges, DRM becomes less necessary
– Service providers’ investments recouped
– Inconvenience of leaving leader’s ecosystem is like form of DRM
– And competitors will respond with DRM-free anyway
Case in point: music downloads
E-books may be next
11. Bundling Content with Devices
Original bundled network/device model:
Managed networks, CAS
Mobile phones with free music downloads
Subsidized e-book “lending”:
Amazon Prime Kindle Owners’ Lending Library
12. Where Has Encryption Failed?
Legacy emulations if kept around too long:
DRM for music downloads
New time-based models if introduced too early:
e-book rentals
Bundling content with unpopular devices:
Nokia & Sony Ericsson music services
13. Content Identification
Identify content on download or “in the wild”
Take action:
– Flag infringement
– Block upload
– Monetize with contextual ad
– Suggest legal alternative
Techniques
– Fingerprinting
– Watermarking
14. Content Identification Techniques
Watermarking
Embed invisible/inaudible data
before or during distribution
Can be up to a few dozen bytes
Software to detect watermarks
in files
Can contain user information
Content must be watermarked
Fingerprinting
No change to content required
Run sophisticated algorithm to
compute “fingerprint” of file
Match against fingerprint
database
Does not contain information
Works with all content
15. Where Has Content Identification Succeeded?
Identifying music &
offering buy
opportunity (F)
Monetizing uploads
with contextual ads
(F)
Second screen apps
(F or W)
“Social DRM” for ebooks (W)
Extra protection with
DRM for high-value
video (W)
Piracy monitoring
(mostly F)
Filtering file uploads
(F)
16. Licensing Automation:
Identifiers & Rights Registries
Online database of rights information for content
Standard identifiers for content
Problem badly needs to be solved
17. Licensing Automation Challenges
Identifiers: what do they identify?
IP (abstract), product, whole vs. part
Machine-readable rights descriptions
Registry ownership, governance, maintenance
Private sector progress vs. antitrust concerns
Fragmentation by media type and geography
18. Too Many Standards
Identifiers
Music
ISRC
ISWC
GRid
Publishing
ISBN
ISSN
DOI
Video
ISAN
EIDR
UMID
General
URN
URI
Handle
Rights Description Languages
XRML
MPEG REL
ODRL
RightsML (news)
CC REL (Creative Commons)
PLUS (images)
PRISM RL (periodicals)
19. ID/Registry Initiatives
Public Sector/Non-profit
Global Repertoire Database
(music)
International Music Registry
(WIPO)
UK Copyright Hub
Copyright Data Clearinghouse
(Japan, music)
Korean Copyright Exchange
Private Sector
ImageIRC – Getty Images
Book Rights Registry – Google
20. Missed Opportunity: Book Rights Registry
Content
Publishers
Publishers
Publishers
Metadata &
Rights
Payments
Content
Metadata,
Rights,
Payments
Book Rights
Registry
Payments
Metadata &
Rights
Service
Providers
Content
Libraries
Libraries
Libraries
22. Economic Incentives
Economics are the primary issue
Underlying economics of rights technologies:
– Copyright owners benefit
– Downstream entities bear much of the cost
Strategies:
– Lower the costs
– Turn sticks into carrots
23. Lower the Costs
Explore lightweight mechanisms to encourage
widespread adoption
Instead of “arms race,” match security strength to user
behavior and economic realities
Rely on anticircumvention laws in many countries
Develop policies that spread costs equitably throughout
content value chain
24. Convert Sticks to Carrots
Find a behavior that could be infringing
Find someone who benefits from it
Track and monetize the behavior
Best example:
25. 감사합니다
Thank You
Bill Rosenblatt
GiantSteps Media Technology Strategies
www.giantstepsmts.com
billr@giantstepsmts.com
Blog: copyrightandtechnology.com
Twitter: @copyrightandtec
+1 212 956 1045